Drymophila
Encyclopedia
Drymophila is a bird
genus
in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae). It is a relative of the typical antwrens.
; two of these - Bertoni's
and Dusky-tailed Antbird
- also range into eastern Paraguay
and extreme northeastern Argentina
.
Even at their highest diversity in Brazil's Mata Atlântica
, the species are almost completely parapatric, in some cases like the Dusky-tailed and Scaled Antbird
even to exclusive habitat
preferences. Of course, the rampant deforestation
in that region may obscure that there has been more overlap in the past. In any case, habitat fragments strongly tend to hold at most a single species.
D. devillei, the Striated Antbird
, is a species of the southwestern quadrant of the Amazon Basin
, and a disjunct population lives in north-western Ecuador
and adjacent parts of Colombia
. D. caudata, the Long-tailed Antbird
, is a species of humid highlands, ranging through the Andes
from western Bolivia
to north-western Venezuela
, with disjunct
populations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
, Serranía del Perijá
and Venezuelan Coastal Range
.
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae). It is a relative of the typical antwrens.
Species
- Ferruginous AntbirdFerruginous AntbirdThe Ferruginous Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is endemic to Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil. It was formerly considered conspecific with the very similar Bertoni's Antbird.-References:...
, Drymophila ferruginea - Bertoni's AntbirdBertoni's AntbirdThe Bertoni's Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina . It was formerly considered conspecific with the very similar Ferruginous Antbird.-References:* BirdLife International...
, Drymophila rubricollis - Rufous-tailed AntbirdRufous-tailed AntbirdThe Rufous-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.-Source:...
, Drymophila genei - Ochre-rumped AntbirdOchre-rumped AntbirdThe Ochre-rumped Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests....
, Drymophila ochropyga - Striated AntbirdStriated AntbirdThe Striated Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family, the antbirds. It is found in the western and south-central Amazon in South America. As presently defined, it has two subspecies: the nominate subspecies in the west, and D. d. subochracea in the south-central Amazon...
, Drymophila devillei - Dusky-tailed AntbirdDusky-tailed AntbirdThe Dusky-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Drymophila malura - Long-tailed AntbirdLong-tailed AntbirdThe Long-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is found at low levels in humid highland forests, especially near bamboo, ranging through the Andes from western Bolivia to north-western Venezuela, with disjunct populations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía...
, Drymophila caudata - Scaled AntbirdScaled AntbirdThe Scaled Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.-References:...
, Drymophila squamata
Range
Six of the Drymophila species are associated with regions of southeastern BrazilBrazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
; two of these - Bertoni's
Bertoni's Antbird
The Bertoni's Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina . It was formerly considered conspecific with the very similar Ferruginous Antbird.-References:* BirdLife International...
and Dusky-tailed Antbird
Dusky-tailed Antbird
The Dusky-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
- also range into eastern Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
and extreme northeastern Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
.
Even at their highest diversity in Brazil's Mata Atlântica
Mata Atlântica
The Atlantic Forest is a region of tropical and subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, semi deciduous forest and mangrove forests which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and...
, the species are almost completely parapatric, in some cases like the Dusky-tailed and Scaled Antbird
Scaled Antbird
The Scaled Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.-References:...
even to exclusive habitat
Habitat
* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...
preferences. Of course, the rampant deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use....
in that region may obscure that there has been more overlap in the past. In any case, habitat fragments strongly tend to hold at most a single species.
D. devillei, the Striated Antbird
Striated Antbird
The Striated Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family, the antbirds. It is found in the western and south-central Amazon in South America. As presently defined, it has two subspecies: the nominate subspecies in the west, and D. d. subochracea in the south-central Amazon...
, is a species of the southwestern quadrant of the Amazon Basin
Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
, and a disjunct population lives in north-western Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
and adjacent parts of Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
. D. caudata, the Long-tailed Antbird
Long-tailed Antbird
The Long-tailed Antbird is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is found at low levels in humid highland forests, especially near bamboo, ranging through the Andes from western Bolivia to north-western Venezuela, with disjunct populations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía...
, is a species of humid highlands, ranging through the Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
from western Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
to north-western Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
, with disjunct
Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but widely separated from each other geographically...
populations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is an isolated mountain range apart from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia. Reaching an altitude of 5,700 metres above sea level just 42 km from the Caribbean coast, the Sierra Nevada is the world's highest coastal range...
, Serranía del Perijá
Serrania del Perija
The Serranía del Perijá, Cordillera de Perijá or Sierra de Perijá is a mountain range, an extension of the eastern Andean branch , in northern South America, between Colombia and Venezuela, ending further north in the Guajira Desert, a total distance of about 310 km...
and Venezuelan Coastal Range
Venezuelan Coastal Range
The Venezuelan Coastal Range is a mountain range that runs along the central and eastern portions of Venezuela's northern coast...
.