Drummond Township, Michigan
Encyclopedia
Drummond Township is a civil township
of Chippewa County
in the U.S. state
of Michigan
. The population was 992 at the 2000 census
.
The township consists of Drummond Island, one of the largest islands in Lake Huron
. M-134
runs through the western portion of the island. The highway connects with the mainland portion via the Drummond Island Ferry, which runs between De Tour Village
and the island.
On the east side of Drummond Island, the Canada-United States border
passes through the False Detour Channel
. On the other side of that channel, the Canadian Cockburn Island separates Drummond from Manitoulin Island
.
Drummond is an unincorporated community within the township, situated on Potagannissing Bay
on the northwest side of the island at 46°01′12"N 83°43′52"W. M-134 ends south of the community.
. The island was the last British outpost on American soil following the Treaty of Ghent
, finally returned to American hands in 1828. The island is named after Canadian Gordon Drummond
.
are a very common sight, with the occasional bear
lumbering by. Other common forest mammals include raccoons, weasels, woodchucks, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, and mice
of several varieties. Rarer sightings may include bobcats, coyotes, wolves, and the occasional moose
. Wetlands host many species. Frogs inhabit small ponds, as does the northern water snake
. Turtles, as slow as they are, can be slightly harder to find than snakes. Painted turtle
s may be found along the road as well as in ponds. There are also garter snakes and copper bellies, all non-venomous varieties. As for birds there are several species of woodpecker
s, the ruby-throated hummingbird
, many finch
species, sparrow
s, black birds, crow
s, raven
s, owl
s, hawk
s, osprey
and eagle
s. Most of the species of fish found in the Great Lakes are present here in northern Lake Huron. There are also many species of minnows. All the lake bottom environment has been drastically affected by the introduction of the zebra mussel
. The environment used to support habitat for crayfish
, three leech
varieties, water insects and snails.There are no ticks on Drummond Island. There are very few skunks on Drummond Island, if at all.
, the township has a total area of 249 square miles (644.9 km²), of which, 129.1 square miles (334.4 km²) is land and 119.9 square miles (310.5 km²)(48.17%) is water. On the Island itself, it is mainly dominated by forest, with cliffs on the eastern side.
Over two thirds of the island is land owned by the State of Michigan.
of 2000, there were 992 people, 467 households, and 309 families residing in the township. The population density
was 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km²). There were 1,476 housing units at an average density of 11.4 per square mile (4.4/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 90.83% White, 0.20% African American, 4.84% Native American, 0.10% from other races
, and 4.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.
There were 467 households out of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples
living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.59.
In the township the population was spread out with 16.9% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 35.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,131, and the median income for a family was $39,931. Males had a median income of $35,729 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income
for the township was $21,963. About 7.6% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
Civil township
A civil township is a widely used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to, and geographic divisions of, a county. Specific responsibilities and the degree of autonomy vary based on each state. Civil townships are distinct from survey townships, but in states that have both,...
of Chippewa County
Chippewa County, Michigan
-National protected areas:* Harbor Island National Wildlife Refuge* Hiawatha National Forest * Whitefish Point Unit of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge-Demographics:...
in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...
of Michigan
Michigan
Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
. The population was 992 at the 2000 census
United States Census, 2000
The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census...
.
The township consists of Drummond Island, one of the largest islands in Lake Huron
Lake Huron
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the larger portion of Lake Michigan-Huron. It is bounded on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States...
. M-134
M-134 (Michigan highway)
M-134 is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. It connects Interstate 75 north of St. Ignace with the communities of Cedarville and De Tour Village along Lake Huron. East of De Tour, the highway crosses the De Tour Passage on a ferry to run south of the...
runs through the western portion of the island. The highway connects with the mainland portion via the Drummond Island Ferry, which runs between De Tour Village
De Tour Village, Michigan
De Tour Village is a village in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 325 at the 2010 census.The village is at the extreme eastern tip of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, in Detour Township, at the turning point for the shipping channel connecting the St. Mary's River...
and the island.
On the east side of Drummond Island, the Canada-United States border
Canada-United States border
The Canada–United States border, officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest border in the world. The terrestrial boundary is 8,891 kilometers long, including 2,475 kilometres shared with Alaska...
passes through the False Detour Channel
False Detour Channel
The False Detour Channel is a short channel in Lake Huron, connecting the main body of the lake to the North Channel. The Canada-United States border passes roughly through the middle of the channel, which separates Michigan's Drummond Island from Ontario's Cockburn Island ....
. On the other side of that channel, the Canadian Cockburn Island separates Drummond from Manitoulin Island
Manitoulin Island
Manitoulin Island is a Canadian island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world. In addition to the historic Anishinaabe and European settlement of the island, archeological discoveries at Sheguiandah have demonstrated Paleo-Indian and...
.
Drummond is an unincorporated community within the township, situated on Potagannissing Bay
Potagannissing Bay
Potagannissing Bay is a shallow, island-strewn bay that lies northwest of Drummond Island and northeast of De Tour Village in Chippewa County. It is part of the territorial waters of Michigan, with the adjacent waters of Canada forming the westernmost end of the North Channel...
on the northwest side of the island at 46°01′12"N 83°43′52"W. M-134 ends south of the community.
History
The history of Drummond Island dates back centuries, but more recent history of the past two-hundred years relates to the British occupation of the island after the War of 1812War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
. The island was the last British outpost on American soil following the Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent , signed on 24 December 1814, in Ghent , was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
, finally returned to American hands in 1828. The island is named after Canadian Gordon Drummond
Gordon Drummond
Sir Gordon Drummond, GCB was the first Canadian-born officer to command the military and the civil government of Canada...
.
Wildlife
Drummond Island is an oasis of wildlife. DeerDeer
Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the Cervidae family include white-tailed deer, elk, moose, red deer, reindeer, fallow deer, roe deer and chital. Male deer of all species and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year...
are a very common sight, with the occasional bear
American black bear
The American black bear is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in largely forested areas, but do leave forests in...
lumbering by. Other common forest mammals include raccoons, weasels, woodchucks, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, and mice
MICE
-Fiction:*Mice , alien species in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy*The Mice -Acronyms:* "Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions", facilities terminology for events...
of several varieties. Rarer sightings may include bobcats, coyotes, wolves, and the occasional moose
Moose
The moose or Eurasian elk is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic configuration...
. Wetlands host many species. Frogs inhabit small ponds, as does the northern water snake
Northern Water Snake
The Northern water snake is a large, nonvenomous, well-known snake in the Colubridae family that is native to North America.-Behavior:...
. Turtles, as slow as they are, can be slightly harder to find than snakes. Painted turtle
Painted Turtle
The painted turtle is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to Louisiana and northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The turtle is the only species of the genus Chrysemys, which is part of the pond turtle...
s may be found along the road as well as in ponds. There are also garter snakes and copper bellies, all non-venomous varieties. As for birds there are several species of woodpecker
Woodpecker
Woodpeckers are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. They are one subfamily in the family Picidae, which also includes the piculets and wrynecks. They are found worldwide and include about 180 species....
s, the ruby-throated hummingbird
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird , is a small hummingbird. It is the only species of hummingbird that regularly nests east of the Mississippi River in North America.- Description :...
, many finch
Finch
The true finches are passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. They are predominantly seed-eating songbirds. Most are native to the Northern Hemisphere, but one subfamily is endemic to the Neotropics, one to the Hawaiian Islands, and one subfamily – monotypic at genus level – is found...
species, sparrow
Sparrow
The sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a genus of the family, Passer...
s, black birds, crow
Crow
Crows form the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents and several...
s, raven
Raven
Raven is the common name given to several larger-bodied members of the genus Corvus—but in Europe and North America the Common Raven is normally implied...
s, owl
Owl
Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions . Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish...
s, hawk
Hawk
The term hawk can be used in several ways:* In strict usage in Australia and Africa, to mean any of the species in the subfamily Accipitrinae, which comprises the genera Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis and Megatriorchis. The large and widespread Accipiter genus includes goshawks,...
s, osprey
Osprey
The Osprey , sometimes known as the sea hawk or fish eagle, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and across the wings...
and eagle
Eagle
Eagles are members of the bird family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera which are not necessarily closely related to each other. Most of the more than 60 species occur in Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just two species can be found in the United States and Canada, nine more in...
s. Most of the species of fish found in the Great Lakes are present here in northern Lake Huron. There are also many species of minnows. All the lake bottom environment has been drastically affected by the introduction of the zebra mussel
Zebra mussel
The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is a small freshwater mussel. This species was originally native to the lakes of southeast Russia being first described in 1769 by a German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga and Dnieper rivers. They are still found nearby, as Pontic and Caspian...
. The environment used to support habitat for crayfish
Crayfish
Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads – members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea – are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related...
, three leech
Leech
Leeches are segmented worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea. Like other oligochaetes such as earthworms, leeches share a clitellum and are hermaphrodites. Nevertheless, they differ from other oligochaetes in significant ways...
varieties, water insects and snails.There are no ticks on Drummond Island. There are very few skunks on Drummond Island, if at all.
Geography
According to the United States Census BureauUnited States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the township has a total area of 249 square miles (644.9 km²), of which, 129.1 square miles (334.4 km²) is land and 119.9 square miles (310.5 km²)(48.17%) is water. On the Island itself, it is mainly dominated by forest, with cliffs on the eastern side.
Over two thirds of the island is land owned by the State of Michigan.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 992 people, 467 households, and 309 families residing in the township. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km²). There were 1,476 housing units at an average density of 11.4 per square mile (4.4/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 90.83% White, 0.20% African American, 4.84% Native American, 0.10% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 4.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.
There were 467 households out of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.59.
In the township the population was spread out with 16.9% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 35.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,131, and the median income for a family was $39,931. Males had a median income of $35,729 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the township was $21,963. About 7.6% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.