Dan Wagner
Encyclopedia
Dan Wagner is an English
entrepreneur
and businessman. He was one of the first British
-based Internet
entrepreneurs, having founded M.A.I.D (Marketing Analysis & Information Database) in 1984, a company which provided online information services. It made over 200,000 publications available from 192 countries.
He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
and University College School
, London
. After briefly joining Richer Sounds
as a salesman he went to work for WCRS advertising in 1981. In 1984, Wagner founded MAID (Market Analysis and Information Database) which was one of the first online information repositories and Wagner as CEO was responsible for its development and growth, building it from zero to 26% of the global on-line information market.
In addition to being a renowned serial entrepreneur he is also regarded as an extraordinary salesman.
, Middlesex
. He is the youngest of two children of John and Yaffa Wagner, who was a motor industry businessman predominantly running the UK operations of BMW
, Volkswagen
and Volvo
as Chief Executive.
and had been working in Tokyo at the time. They married on 2 August 1998, have two children, and live in Belsize Park
, London.
Dan is an inveterate Arsenal
fan.
By 1985, the first version of the online service was available to customers. By providing a simple menu interface providing access to an aggregation of some of the best known market research publishers and trade publications in the UK, Wagner was able to provide customers with the ability to interrogate them all simultaneously via a computer and a telephone line. At the time, online services were in their infancy (as was the personal computer) and as a result the service was delivered at a speed of 3 kbs (typical broadband speeds today are 700 kbs).
Because the UK market was embryonic, Wagner relocated to New York City
in January 1986 by taking an apartment on the Upper West Side
and using it both as accommodation for him and three of his staff as well as the main office for MAID in the USA. By July 1991, MAID relocated its offices from South Park Tower to Park Avenue South.
In 1992, as business grew in Europe, an office in Paris was opened at 10 Rue de Presbourg
and in November 1993, an office was opened on the West Coast of America in Los Angeles
.
In 1994, MAID was listed on the London Stock Exchange
and in 1995 floated on NASDAQ. During the 1990s, MAID more doubled its market value every year as a result of fast sales growth and numerous strategic alliances starting with a deal in 1995 with Microsoft
to provide much of the content for their online service MSN
. This was followed by distribution deals with CompuServe
, IBM
and BT
.
During this time, Wagner was also actively involved in the development of the UK internet service provision market funding the development of UK Internet Service provider Easynet
and pioneering internet access through television by developing technology within MAID that was licensed to hotel groups Forte and Granada.
In November 1997, Wagner engineered the reverse acquisition of Knight Ridder Information which owned many international professional databases including Dialog Information Services in the United States and DataStar in Europe. He managed the integration of the MAID business into Dialog, migrated the existing Dialog databases and professional information solutions to the Internet.
MAID, under Wagner’s direction, was also active in funding and developing concept based information retrieval
technologies to assist customers in searching the growing archives of information stored in now three data centres around the world. In 1997, Wagner acquired the Muscat search engine which was devised by Dr Martin Porter
from research performed by at Cambridge University
and was commercialized in 1984 by Cambridge CD Publishing. Dr. Porter is widely recognised for having created the Porter Stemming Algorithm which became the de-facto standard algorithm used for English stemming. Porter joined MAID and headed up the development and research into new search algorithms.
In 1997, Wagner gained a deal to license search technology (InfoSort) to Fujitsu
of Japan
which was hailed by Prime Minister Tony Blair
as "a significant and very welcome development in Anglo-Japanese trading relations".
In 2000, he sold Dialog’s Information Services Division to The Thomson Corporation of Canada
retaining certain assets made up from search, eCommerce and internet through TV technologies and renamed the new entity Bright Station PLC.
and absorbed them into Bright Station. In April 2001, Wagner took Bright Station private from the LSE and NASDAQ and spun out its two direct investment activities; Venda Inc
and Locayta, both of which provide solutions delivered to customers as rented services but managed and operated centrally. This approach to technology services is known as Software as a service
or SaaS.
Bright Station Ventures was set up 2007 in partnership with serial entrepreneur Sháá Wasmund to nurture new web opportunities that they created.
Venda is now the global market leader in SaaS eCommerce and runs the eCommerce solutions for hundreds of the world’s leading manufacturers and retailers including Panasonic
, Laura Ashley
, TK Maxx, Tesco
, the British Museum
, BBC
, France Telecom
, Universal Music Group
, JVC
, Condé Nast
and many others.
In December 2007, following the appointment of Eric Abensur as Group Chief Executive of Venda (from France Telecom’s Orange subsidiary), Wagner was rumoured to be planning a return to the public markets with Venda.
uses Locayta to operate its online telephone directories and Nectar
uses Locayta technology to operate their comparison shopping site.
and Deborah Meaden
sit on the board of Smarta which is chaired by Sir Richard Needham
. Smarta received investment from Bebo
founders Michael and Xochi Birch.
Smarta has been sponsored by RBS, Intuit and Vodafone
as well as support from Mishcon de Reya
, Business Environment and the Government.
, paypal
and JPMorgan Chase in the United States for payment processing via their subsidiary Chase Paymentech Chase Paymentech
. Through Powa, Wagner appears to be replicating the success of Venda but targeting smaller businesses and inidividuals.
as a Global Leader of Tomorrow in 1997, and awarded Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year 1998.
Wagner is now often asked to comment on current events in IT and web related activities.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...
and businessman. He was one of the first British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
-based Internet
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
entrepreneurs, having founded M.A.I.D (Marketing Analysis & Information Database) in 1984, a company which provided online information services. It made over 200,000 publications available from 192 countries.
He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is a British independent day school for boys, originally located in the City of London. Since 1933 it has been located at Sandy Lodge in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire ....
and University College School
University College School
University College School, generally known as UCS, is an Independent school charity situated in Hampstead, north west London, England. The school was founded in 1830 by University College London and inherited many of that institution's progressive and secular views...
, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. After briefly joining Richer Sounds
Richer Sounds
Richer Sounds is a British home entertainment retailer that operates online and through a chain of 51 stores distributed across the United Kingdom. The business is 100% owned by Julian Richer, the founder and managing director of the company....
as a salesman he went to work for WCRS advertising in 1981. In 1984, Wagner founded MAID (Market Analysis and Information Database) which was one of the first online information repositories and Wagner as CEO was responsible for its development and growth, building it from zero to 26% of the global on-line information market.
In addition to being a renowned serial entrepreneur he is also regarded as an extraordinary salesman.
Biography
Wagner was born in EdgwareEdgware
Edgware is an area in London, situated north-northwest of Charing Cross. It forms part of both the London Borough of Barnet and the London Borough of Harrow. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London....
, Middlesex
Middlesex
Middlesex is one of the historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time...
. He is the youngest of two children of John and Yaffa Wagner, who was a motor industry businessman predominantly running the UK operations of BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
, Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...
and Volvo
Volvo
AB Volvo is a Swedish builder of commercial vehicles, including trucks, buses and construction equipment. Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems, aerospace components and financial services...
as Chief Executive.
Personal life
Wagner met his wife Susan when he was 27 whilst on a business trip to Japan. She was a fashion model with Elite Model ManagementElite Model Management
Elite Model Management is a large modeling agency based in New York and Paris. It is a subsidiary of Elite World S.A.-History:Founded in France in 1972 by John Casablancas and Alain Kittler, it was rebought in 1990 by Nicholas Farrae. Elite World S.A. is the parent company of Elite Model...
and had been working in Tokyo at the time. They married on 2 August 1998, have two children, and live in Belsize Park
Belsize Park
Belsize Park is an area of north-west London, England, in the London Borough of Camden.It is located north-west of Charing Cross and situated on the Northern Line. It borders Hampstead to the north and west, Kentish Town and Gospel Oak to the east, Camden Town to the south east and Primrose Hill...
, London.
Dan is an inveterate Arsenal
Arsenal F.C.
Arsenal Football Club is a professional English Premier League football club based in North London. One of the most successful clubs in English football, it has won 13 First Division and Premier League titles and 10 FA Cups...
fan.
MAID/Dialog
Wagner founded the online information company MAID in 1984, the name being an acronym of - Market Analysis Information Database.By 1985, the first version of the online service was available to customers. By providing a simple menu interface providing access to an aggregation of some of the best known market research publishers and trade publications in the UK, Wagner was able to provide customers with the ability to interrogate them all simultaneously via a computer and a telephone line. At the time, online services were in their infancy (as was the personal computer) and as a result the service was delivered at a speed of 3 kbs (typical broadband speeds today are 700 kbs).
Because the UK market was embryonic, Wagner relocated to New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
in January 1986 by taking an apartment on the Upper West Side
Upper West Side
The Upper West Side is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, that lies between Central Park and the Hudson River and between West 59th Street and West 125th Street...
and using it both as accommodation for him and three of his staff as well as the main office for MAID in the USA. By July 1991, MAID relocated its offices from South Park Tower to Park Avenue South.
In 1992, as business grew in Europe, an office in Paris was opened at 10 Rue de Presbourg
Rue de Presbourg
Rue de Presbourg is a street in the 8th and 16th arrondissements of Paris. Since 1864 it has been named after Napoleon's 1805 diplomatic success at the Peace of Pressburg and, with the Rue de Tilsitt , it forms a circle around Place Charles-de-Gaulle....
and in November 1993, an office was opened on the West Coast of America in Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
.
In 1994, MAID was listed on the London Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
The London Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the City of London within the United Kingdom. , the Exchange had a market capitalisation of US$3.7495 trillion, making it the fourth-largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement...
and in 1995 floated on NASDAQ. During the 1990s, MAID more doubled its market value every year as a result of fast sales growth and numerous strategic alliances starting with a deal in 1995 with Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...
to provide much of the content for their online service MSN
MSN
MSN is a collection of Internet sites and services provided by Microsoft. The Microsoft Network debuted as an online service and Internet service provider on August 24, 1995, to coincide with the release of the Windows 95 operating system.The range of services offered by MSN has changed since its...
. This was followed by distribution deals with CompuServe
CompuServe
CompuServe was the first major commercial online service in the United States. It dominated the field during the 1980s and remained a major player through the mid-1990s, when it was sidelined by the rise of services such as AOL with monthly subscriptions rather than hourly rates...
, IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
and BT
BT Group
BT Group plc is a global telecommunications services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is one of the largest telecommunications services companies in the world and has operations in more than 170 countries. Through its BT Global Services division it is a major supplier of...
.
During this time, Wagner was also actively involved in the development of the UK internet service provision market funding the development of UK Internet Service provider Easynet
Easynet
Easynet Global Services are a provider of managed network, hosting and telepresence solutions for businesses and enterprises worldwide.Founded in 1994, Easynet Global Services are part of the Easynet group of companies, along with Easynet Connect and UK Online.It was a part of BSkyB, a FTSE top 50...
and pioneering internet access through television by developing technology within MAID that was licensed to hotel groups Forte and Granada.
In November 1997, Wagner engineered the reverse acquisition of Knight Ridder Information which owned many international professional databases including Dialog Information Services in the United States and DataStar in Europe. He managed the integration of the MAID business into Dialog, migrated the existing Dialog databases and professional information solutions to the Internet.
MAID, under Wagner’s direction, was also active in funding and developing concept based information retrieval
Information retrieval
Information retrieval is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching structured storage, relational databases, and the World Wide Web...
technologies to assist customers in searching the growing archives of information stored in now three data centres around the world. In 1997, Wagner acquired the Muscat search engine which was devised by Dr Martin Porter
Martin Porter
This article is about Dr. Martin F. Porter the inventor of the Porter Stemmer and the Snowball programming framework, for Martin Porter the musician, see Martin Porter Dr. Martin F...
from research performed by at Cambridge University
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
and was commercialized in 1984 by Cambridge CD Publishing. Dr. Porter is widely recognised for having created the Porter Stemming Algorithm which became the de-facto standard algorithm used for English stemming. Porter joined MAID and headed up the development and research into new search algorithms.
In 1997, Wagner gained a deal to license search technology (InfoSort) to Fujitsu
Fujitsu
is a Japanese multinational information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is the world's third-largest IT services provider measured by revenues....
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
which was hailed by Prime Minister Tony Blair
Tony Blair
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...
as "a significant and very welcome development in Anglo-Japanese trading relations".
In 2000, he sold Dialog’s Information Services Division to The Thomson Corporation of Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
retaining certain assets made up from search, eCommerce and internet through TV technologies and renamed the new entity Bright Station PLC.
Bright Station
Bright Station is Dan Wagner’s personal vehicle for the creation of his businesses and is essentially an Internet and eCommerce focused technology holding company. In May 2000, he acquired the assets of failed fashion 'retailer' Boo.comBoo.com
Boo.com was a British Internet company, founded by Swedes Ernst Malmsten, Kajsa Leander and Patrik Hedelin, which went bust following the dot-com boom of the late 1990s....
and absorbed them into Bright Station. In April 2001, Wagner took Bright Station private from the LSE and NASDAQ and spun out its two direct investment activities; Venda Inc
Venda Inc
Venda, Inc. is the worlds largest SaaS provider of on-demand ecommerce to some of the world’s leading retailers and manufacturers, including De Beers, Tesco, JVC, TK Maxx, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Perry Ellis, Conde Nast, Universal Music op]], and Urban Outfitters...
and Locayta, both of which provide solutions delivered to customers as rented services but managed and operated centrally. This approach to technology services is known as Software as a service
Software as a Service
Software as a service , sometimes referred to as "on-demand software," is a software delivery model in which software and its associated data are hosted centrally and are typically accessed by users using a thin client, normally using a web browser over the Internet.SaaS has become a common...
or SaaS.
Bright Station Ventures was set up 2007 in partnership with serial entrepreneur Sháá Wasmund to nurture new web opportunities that they created.
Venda
Venda is an on-demand, software-as-a-service platform delivering eCommerce and multi-channel retail solutions to customers worldwide. Wagner devised the concept for Venda in 1998 as a subsidiary of MAID and funded the research into creating the world’s first shared platform for eCommerce.Venda is now the global market leader in SaaS eCommerce and runs the eCommerce solutions for hundreds of the world’s leading manufacturers and retailers including Panasonic
Panasonic
Panasonic is an international brand name for Japanese electric products manufacturer Panasonic Corporation, which was formerly known as Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd...
, Laura Ashley
Laura Ashley
Laura Ashley was a Welsh fashion designer and businesswoman. She became a household name on the strength of her work as a designer and manufacturer of a range of colourful fabrics for clothes and home furnishings....
, TK Maxx, Tesco
Tesco
Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the second-largest measured by profits...
, the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
, BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
, France Telecom
France Télécom
France Telecom S.A. is the main telecommunications company in France, the third-largest in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It currently employs about 180,000 people and has 192.7 million customers worldwide . In 2010 the group had revenue of €45.5 billion...
, Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group is an American music group, the largest of the "big four" record companies by its commanding market share and its multitude of global operations...
, JVC
JVC
, usually referred to as JVC, is a Japanese international consumer and professional electronics corporation based in Yokohama, Japan which was founded in 1927...
, Condé Nast
Condé Nast Publications
Condé Nast, a division of Advance Publications, is a magazine publisher. In the U.S., it produces 18 consumer magazines, including Architectural Digest, Bon Appétit, GQ, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, and Vogue, as well as four business-to-business publications, 27 websites, and more than 50 apps...
and many others.
In December 2007, following the appointment of Eric Abensur as Group Chief Executive of Venda (from France Telecom’s Orange subsidiary), Wagner was rumoured to be planning a return to the public markets with Venda.
Locayta
Locayta is Wagner’s Software-as-a-service search and web solutions business. Locayta has at its heart a sophisticated suite of search, recommendation and merchandising technologies that have been deployed for customers in a variety of ways. Most Venda eCommerce sites use Locayta search technologies for retrieval of products and for intuitive navigation. In addition, BTBT Group
BT Group plc is a global telecommunications services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is one of the largest telecommunications services companies in the world and has operations in more than 170 countries. Through its BT Global Services division it is a major supplier of...
uses Locayta to operate its online telephone directories and Nectar
Nectar loyalty card
Nectar is a loyalty card scheme in the United Kingdom comprising partner companies including the supermarket chain Sainsbury's, American Express, and BP. A separate Nectar program operates in Italy....
uses Locayta technology to operate their comparison shopping site.
Aigua Media Group
Aigua Media Group was launched in 2009 following the consolidation of three separate Bright Station Ventures businesses – Osoyou.com (launched in 2007), Aigua Media Blogs (launched in 2006) and The Beauty Quest (launched in 2009). The publishing group owns leading fashion blogs (including Catwalk Queen, Shoewawa, Bag Lady, Kiss and Make Up and others), together with pioneering social shopping networks Osoyou.com and The Beauty Quest. Today, Aigua Media represents the largest female web readership in the UK (over 1.25 million unique visitors per month as at January 2010).Smarta
Smarta is a social network for businesses and entrepreneurs. It provides information from lawyers, accountants and other industry experts as well as videos and insight from successful entrepreneurs. Theo PaphitisTheo Paphitis
Theodorus "Theo" Paphitis is a retail magnate and British entrepreneur of Greek Cypriot origin. He made the majority of his fortune in the retail sector, and is best known to the general public for his appearances on the BBC business programme Dragons' Den and as former chairman of Millwall...
and Deborah Meaden
Deborah Meaden
Deborah Meaden is a British business woman who ran a multi-million pound family holiday business, before completing a management buyout...
sit on the board of Smarta which is chaired by Sir Richard Needham
Richard Needham
Richard Francis Needham, 6th Earl of Kilmorey, Kt, PC usually known as Sir Richard Needham is a former Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom...
. Smarta received investment from Bebo
Bebo
Bebo is a social networking website launched in July 2005. It is currently owned and operated by Criterion Capital Partners after taking over from AOL in June 2010....
founders Michael and Xochi Birch.
Smarta has been sponsored by RBS, Intuit and Vodafone
Vodafone
Vodafone Group Plc is a global telecommunications company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the world's largest mobile telecommunications company measured by revenues and the world's second-largest measured by subscribers , with around 341 million proportionate subscribers as of...
as well as support from Mishcon de Reya
Mishcon de Reya
Mishcon de Reya is an international law firm with offices in London offering a range of legal and advocacy services for businesses and individuals...
, Business Environment and the Government.
Powa
Powa is Wagner's latest venture. An eCommerce and website publishing platform for brand owners and small businesses. Powa is already partnered with industry heavyweights ebayEBay
eBay Inc. is an American internet consumer-to-consumer corporation that manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a broad variety of goods and services worldwide...
, paypal
PayPal
PayPal is an American-based global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers to be made through the Internet. Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with traditional paper methods, such as checks and money orders....
and JPMorgan Chase in the United States for payment processing via their subsidiary Chase Paymentech Chase Paymentech
Chase Paymentech
Paymentech, LLC , a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., is a payment processing and merchant acquiring company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Chase Paymentech and its affiliates provide electronic commerce and secure payment solutions, including credit cards, debit cards, gift cards,...
. Through Powa, Wagner appears to be replicating the success of Venda but targeting smaller businesses and inidividuals.
BuyaPowa
BuyaPowa was launched in September 2011 with Gideon Lask. BuyaPowa is an innovative group buying platform and represents a community of shoppers brought together by a desire for products at better prices.Honours
Wagner was chosen by the World Economic ForumWorld Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum is a Swiss non-profit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva, best known for its annual meeting in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern Alps region of Switzerland....
as a Global Leader of Tomorrow in 1997, and awarded Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year 1998.
Wagner is now often asked to comment on current events in IT and web related activities.
Profiles
Further reading
- Andrew Davidson, "Smart Luck & the seven other qualities of great entrepreneurs" (2002), paperback ISBN 0-273-65265-6.
- Ernst Malmsten, Erik Portanger, Charles Drazin, "Boo Hoo: A Dot Com Story" (2002), paperback ISBN 0-09-941837-1