Cramlington
Encyclopedia
Cramlington is a town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...

 and civil parish in the county of Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...

, North East England
North East England
North East England is one of the nine official regions of England. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and Teesside . The only cities in the region are Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland...

, situated 9 miles (14.5 km) north of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...

. The town's name suggests a probable founding by the Danes or an Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon is a term used by historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Great Britain beginning in the early 5th century AD, and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon Era denotes the period of...

 origin, the word "ton" meaning town. The population was estimated as 39,000 in 2004. It sits on the border between Northumberland and North Tyneside
North Tyneside
The Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England and is part of the Tyneside conurbation. Its seat is Wallsend Town Hall....

 with the traffic interchange at Moor Farm, Annitsford
Annitsford
Annitsford is a village located on the border between Tyne and Wear and Northumberland.The main conurbation of the village falls under the jurisdiction of the Borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, while some parts of the outskirts of the village are included within Northumberland.The name of...

 (in the latter) linking the two areas.

The village of East Cramlington lies east of the A189
A189 road
The A189 is a road in North East England, linking Gateshead to southeast Northumberland. The section within southeast Northumberland is also known as the Spine Road; and West-Central Route is used to describe its route around Newcastle City Centre...

, on the B1326 road that connects Cramlington to Seaton Delaval
Seaton Delaval
Seaton Delaval is a village in Northumberland, England, with a population of 4,371. It is the largest of the five villages in Seaton Valley and is the site of Seaton Delaval Hall, the masterpiece completed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1727....

.

History

The first record of the Manor of Cramlington is from a mention in 1135 when the land was granted to Nicholas de Grenville. A register of early chaplains begins with John the Clerk of Cramlington (c.1163-1180). The register continues to the present day.

From the 12th century onwards, its history has been mostly rural incorporating several farms and the parish church of St. Nicholas (built at a cost of £3,000 during 1865-1868 in the Gothic style). During the early 19th century, coal mining
Coal mining
The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States,...

 with several mine shafts in the immediate vicinity (the first was sunk in 1824) began to change that. It remained small, however, until 1964 when it was proclaimed a New Town and developers such as William Leech and J.T. Bell
Bellway
Bellway plc is a major British residential property developer based in Newcastle upon Tyne. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.- History :...

 developed large housing estate
Housing estate
A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Accordingly, a housing estate is usually built by a single contractor, with only a few styles of house or building design, so they tend to be uniform in appearance...

s. Those estates have since been named Beaconhill, Collingwood, Eastfield, Mayfield, Shankhouse, Southfield, and Whitelea and the town has effectively become a dormitory town
Commuter town
A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential, from which most of the workforce commutes out to earn their livelihood. Many commuter towns act as suburbs of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily, and many suburbs are commuter towns...

 of the much larger city to its south.

During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

, the North East of England was protected by the No. 36 Home Defence Squadron
No. 36 Squadron RAF
No. 36 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed at Cramlington on February 1, 1916 and was disbanded for the last time in 1975.-First World War:No...

. The squadron was formed at Cramlington on 1 February 1916 by Capt. R. O. Abercromby, with Cramlington subsequently becoming an important base for military planes and airships.http://www.flickr.com/photos/newcastlelibraries/4079059926/ The Airship Station was at Nelson Village. A reference to Cramlington airfield is made in W. E. Johns
W. E. Johns
William Earl Johns was an English pilot and writer of adventure stories, usually written under the name Captain W. E. Johns. He is best remembered as the creator of the ace pilot and adventurer Biggles.-Early life:...

 1935 book The Black Peril from the extremely popular Biggles
Biggles
"Biggles" , a pilot and adventurer, is the title character and main hero of the Biggles series of youth-oriented adventure books written by W. E. Johns....

 series.

During the BBC Domesday Project
BBC Domesday Project
The BBC Domesday Project was a partnership between Acorn Computers Ltd, Philips, Logica and the BBC to mark the 900th anniversary of the original Domesday Book, an 11th century census of England...

 in 1986 it was recorded that Cramlington's population was around 30,000.

Estates

With the establishment of the new town, the area was arranged into estates, primarily with a designator of the part of the town in which the estate was to be found.

The estates are:
  • Northburn (constructed between the late 1980s and the 1990s)
  • Eastfield (constructed primarily in the late 1970s with an estate added in the mid-1990s)
  • Westwood (constructed in the early 1980s)
  • Southfield (constructed in the early 1970s)
  • Southfield Gardens (constructed in the early 2000's)
  • Mayfield (partially existing prior to the new town designation but with addition building in the late 1960s)
  • Whitelea (one of the earliest of the new town estates, constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s)
  • Barns Park (constructed in the 1970s)
  • Parkside (constructed in the 1970s)
  • Beacon Hill (constructed in the 1970s)
  • Beacon Lea (constructed in the 1970s)

Economy

There are several large industrial zones in Cramlington, most to the town's north-west near the sewage treatment plant, housing major pharmaceutical companies including Merck Sharp and Dohme. Other growing chemical companies including Aesica Pharmaceuticals are also present. The Officers Club
The Officers Club
The Officers Club was a menswear retailer based in the United Kingdom.- History :The company was founded in the 1990s in Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, and latterly had its headquarters in Cramlington, Northumberland. There were over 150 stores across the country at the firm's peak...

 menswear firm has its headquarters and supply warehouse in Cramlington, while other companies such as GE Oil & Gas also occupy large sites.

The Manor Walks shopping centre was constructed in the centre of the town in the 1970s, and was subsequently expanded in the mid-1990s and in 2003/4. The centre now includes retailers such as Argos
Argos
Argos is a city and a former municipality in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Argos-Mykines, of which it is a municipal unit. It is 11 kilometres from Nafplion, which was its historic harbour...

, Asda
Asda
Asda Stores Ltd is a British supermarket chain which retails food, clothing, general merchandise, toys and financial services. It also has a mobile telephone network, , Asda Mobile...

, Boots, Next
Next (retailer)
Next plc is a British retailer marketing clothing, footwear, accessories and home products with its headquarters in Enderby, Leicestershire, England. The company has over 550 stores throughout the UK and the Republic of Ireland, and 50 franchise branches in Europe, Asia and the Middle East...

 and Sainsbury's.

Provisional permissions were recently given to an open cast mining
Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining or opencast mining refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow....

 operation to the north-west of the town, however the fine detail of how much coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...

 is to be extracted has yet to be agreed. As of July 2006, it now appears mining will not go ahead.

Landmarks

Plessey Woods Country Park
Plessey Woods Country Park
Plessey Woods is a country park situated on the north bank of the River Blyth, in Northumberland. The park is accessed from the A192 in the village of Hartford Bridge, north of Cramlington and south west of Bedlington....

 lies just to the north of Cramlington, with the River Blyth
River Blyth, Northumberland
The River Blyth flows eastwards through southern Northumberland into the North Sea at the town of Blyth. It flows through Plessey Woods Country Park. The River Pont is a tributary....

 flowing through the country park.

Transport

The town is served by Cramlington railway station
Cramlington railway station
Cramlington railway station is a small railway station serving the town of Cramlington in Northumberland, England. The station is located on the East Coast Main Line and has hourly local services to Morpeth & Newcastle and at peak times, services to Chathill in the north and Hexham further south....

, with services to the MetroCentre, Morpeth
Morpeth, Northumberland
Morpeth is the county town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town. The town is from the A1, which bypasses it. Since 1981, it has been the administrative centre of the County of Northumberland. In the 2001 census the town had a population...

 and Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...

 provided by Northern Rail
Northern Rail
Northern Rail is a British train operating company that has operated local passenger services in Northern England since 2004. Northern Rail's owner, Serco-Abellio, is a consortium formed of Abellio and Serco, an international operator of public transport systems...

. Cramlington has an extensive bus service which is provided by Arriva Northumbria
Arriva North East
Arriva North East is a division of the transport group Arriva. It is a major provider of bus services around north east England, alongside Stagecoach North East, and Go North East...

, including a number of express services to Newcastle upon Tyne.

Cramlington also has good road transport links, being situated between the A1, A19
A19 road
The A19 is a major road in England running approximately parallel to and east of the A1 road, although the two roads meet at the northern end of the A19, the two roads originally met at the southern end of the A19 in Doncaster but the old route of the A1 was changed to the A638. From Sunderland...

 and A189
A189 road
The A189 is a road in North East England, linking Gateshead to southeast Northumberland. The section within southeast Northumberland is also known as the Spine Road; and West-Central Route is used to describe its route around Newcastle City Centre...

 roads.

In line with many of the UK's post-war New Towns, Cramlington has an extensive bicycle network. With a grid spacing of approximately 500m, segregated cycle routes
Segregated cycle facilities
Segregated cycle facilities are marked lanes, tracks, shoulders and paths designated for use by cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded...

 are provided free of motorised traffic.

Education

Until September 2008, all schools in Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...

 operated under a three tier system, however, following a decision to convert the county to a two tier system, Cramlington was chosen as one of the first towns to complete this.

Prior to the closure of the area's many middle schools, some primary schools relocated to the former middle school sites. This will allow disused sites and land to be sold to housing developers and other parties.

There had been concern from local residents over traffic and parking arrangements at the new sites.

Cramlington Learning Village

In September 2008 Cramlington Community High School was renamed Cramlington Learning Village in line with the transfer from three to two tiers. The village has three sections: a Junior Learning Village (for Years 7 and 8), a Senior Learning Village (for Years 9 to 11) and an Advanced Learning Village (for Years 12 and 13).

Religious sites

Cramlington has a number of Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

 churches of various denominations:

Methodist
  • Doxford Place Methodist Church
  • Welcome Methodist Church (formerly Station Terrace Methodist Church)


Church of England
Church of England
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...

  • St. Nicholas Parish Church
  • St. Andrew's (a plant from St. Nicholas in the Beaconhill area of the town)
  • St. Peter's (a plant from St. Nicholas in the Northburn area of the town)


Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

  • St. Paul's
  • St. John the Baptist


Others
  • Church of the Nazarene
    Church of the Nazarene
    The Church of the Nazarene is an evangelical Christian denomination that emerged from the 19th century Holiness movement in North America with its members colloquially referred to as Nazarenes. It is the largest Wesleyan-holiness denomination in the world. At the end of 2010, the Church of the...

  • Frontline
  • Open Episcopal Church
    Open Episcopal Church
    The Open Episcopal Church is a growing liberal Catholic denomination that calls itself "the small church with a big heart". It has bishops in England, Scotland and Wales and clergy across the country...


Leisure

Cramlington's main leisure centre, Concordia, is situated in the town centre adjacent to the shopping mall and was opened by Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
Elizabeth II is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize,...

 in 1977. It consists of a leisure pool, originally designed as an indoor tropical paradise, indoor football pitches, tennis, badminton and squash courts, as well as a climbing wall. It also features a gymnasium, sauna, bowling green, and bar. 2008 sees a number of improvements to the centre to bring it in line with the current Disability Discrimination laws in England.

As part of the new town design, the town has a large cycle path network. A cycle route also connects the town to the nearest beach, in Blyth
Blyth, Northumberland
Blyth is a town and civil parish in southeast Northumberland, England. It lies on the coast, to the south of the River Blyth and is approximately 21 kilometres  northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne...

. As of late March 2007, Blyth Valley council have announced that the cycle network is to be extended to allow access to the neighbouring town of Bedlington
Bedlington
Bedlington is a town in Northumberland, to the north of the Tyne and Wear urban area. It lies north of Newcastle and southeast of the county town of Morpeth. Other nearby places include Ashington to the north northeast, Blyth to the east and Cramlington to the south.The parish of Bedlington...

.

The village square is home to four public houses, including the Grade II listed Blagdon Arms.

Twin towns

Cramlington participates in a town twinning scheme with three other towns - two in Germany and one in the Russian Federation.
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Country Place County / District / Region / State Date
Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...


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Solingen
Solingen
Solingen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the northern edge of the region called Bergisches Land, south of the Ruhr area, and with a 2009 population of 161,366 is the second largest city in the Bergisches Land...


! style="background: #F>FFFF; color: #000000" ! |
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with four of the country's ten largest cities. The state was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly part of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf. The state is currently run by a coalition of the...

1974
Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...


! style="background: #CCCCFF; c>lor: #000000" ! |
Ratingen
Ratingen
Ratingen is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwestern part of Berg - about 12 km northeast of Düsseldorf...


! style="background: #F>FFFF; color: #000000" ! |
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with four of the country's ten largest cities. The state was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly part of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf. The state is currently run by a coalition of the...

1974
! style="background:>#CCCCFF; color: #000000" ! | Gelendzhik
Gelendzhik
Gelendzhik is a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea, between Novorossiysk and Tuapse . Greater Gelendzhik sprawls for along the coastline and covers an area of 122,754 ha...


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Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai
-External links:* **...

1991

Notable residents

  • Ross Noble
    Ross Noble
    Ross Markham Noble is an English stand-up comedian, brought up in Cramlington, Northumberland, England.Noble rose to mainstream popularity through making appearances on British television, particularly interviews and on celebrity quiz shows such as Have I Got News for You...

    , comedian, comes from Cramlington.
  • Sting briefly was a first schoolteacher at St Paul's First School.
  • Charles Fenwick
    Charles Fenwick
    Charles Fenwick was a British trade unionist and Liberal–Labour politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1918....

    , Trade Unionist, was born in the town.
  • Ray Stevenson
    Ray Stevenson (actor)
    George Raymond "Ray" Stevenson is a Northern Irish-born English film and television actor. He is known for playing Titus Pullo in the BBC/HBO television series Rome , and in film as Dagonet in King Arthur and as Frank Castle/The Punisher in Punisher: War Zone and The Super Hero Squad Show...

    , actor, grew up in Cramlington.
  • Sam Heads
    Sam W. Heads
    Sam W. Heads is a British entomologist and insect palaeontologist, a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and an Officer of the Orthopterists' Society....

    , entomologist and palaeontologist, comes from Cramlington.

Sport

  • Footballers Alan Shearer
    Alan Shearer
    Alan Shearer OBE, DL is a retired English footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and for the England national team...

    , Steven Taylor
    Steven Taylor (footballer)
    Steven Vincent Taylor is an English footballer, currently playing for Premier League club Newcastle United. He is a versatile central defender who can play at right back or, on rare occasions, at left back...

     and Peter Ramage
    Peter Ramage
    Peter Iain Ramage is an English footballer who plays for Crystal Palace on loan from Queens Park Rangers as a defender. He broke into the first team playing at centre back but is versatile enough to play at full back as well. Ramage began his career with Newcastle United as an academy player...

     played youth football for Cramlington Juniors F.C.
  • Joe Brown
    Joe Brown (footballer born 1929)
    Joseph "Joe" Brown is an English former footballer and manager.-Playing:Brown started his career with First Division Middlesbrough, where he came through from the juniors team. He joined Burnley in August 1952, but his time at the club was restricted to just six appearances because of a serious...

    , football player in the 1940s and 50s, Burnley
    Burnley F.C.
    Burnley Football Club are a professional English Football League club based in Burnley, Lancashire. Nicknamed the Clarets, due to the dominant colour of their home shirts, they were founder members of the Football League in 1888...

     manager
  • James Brown, Hartlepool United
    Hartlepool United F.C.
    Hartlepool United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Hartlepool that currently play in League One. The team won promotion to League One in the 2006–07 season...

     striker was born in Cramlington
  • Jimmy Isaac
    Jimmy Isaac
    James "Jimmy" Isaac was a professional footballer, who played for Huddersfield Town, Bradford City and Hartlepools United. He was born in Cramlington, Northumberland.-References:...

    , footballer in the 1930s and 40s for Huddersfield Town, born in Cramlington.
  • Graeme Owens
    Graeme Owens
    Graeme Adam Owens is an English footballer who is currently playing with Airdrie United in the Scottish Second Division.-Career:Owens can play on either wing but prefers to play on the right...

    , winger former Middlesbrough FC youth graduate and current Kilmarnock F.C player, was born in Cramlington
  • Andy Sinton
    Andy Sinton
    Andrew "Andy" Sinton born 19 March 1966 in Cramlington, Northumberland, is an English former professional footballer and current manager of A.F.C. Telford United...

    , former Sheffield Wednesday and Spurs
    Spurs
    Spurs are tools worn on the heel of a boot, used when riding horses.Spurs can also refer to:* The Chancellor's Spurs, a traveling trophy awarded to the winner of the college football game between Texas Tech University and the University of Texas at Austin...

     footballer was born in Cramlington
  • Roger Uttley
    Roger Uttley
    Roger Miles Uttley OBE MA is a former English rugby union player.- Career :He played 23 games for England both in the second row and the back row, 5 times as captain, 4 tests in the Lions back row on the undefeated 1974 tour to South Africa.Roger was born in Blackpool, and played first for...

    , former England national Rugby Union player was a sports teacher at Cramlington High School
  • Gary Robson, professional darts player born and lives in Cramlington.
  • Peter Haddock
    Peter Haddock
    Peter Haddock is an English former footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Newcastle United, Burnley and Leeds United....

    , professional football player lived in Cramlington. Most notable for playing for Leeds United, he also played for Newcastle United and Burnley
  • Jamie McClen
    Jamie McClen
    James David "Jamie" McClen is a professional English football player who plays as a defender or midfielder.He attended St. Benet Biscop Catholic High School in Bedlington, Northumberland...

    , footballer who now plays for Morpeth Town F.C, after coming up through the youth ranks at Newcastle United.
  • John Carver (Footballer), former footballer, assistant manager at Newcastle United under Sir Bobby Robson, Toronto F.C Manager and current Plymouth Argyle assistant manager, coached Cramlington Juniors F.C for a short period.
  • Mark Clattenburg
    Mark Clattenburg
    Mark Clattenburg is an English professional football referee, who officiates primarily in the Premier League, and for FIFA. He is based in Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne...

    , Barclays Premier League referee, was raised in the town and went to Cramlington High School
  • Michael Oliver (referee)
    Michael Oliver (referee)
    Michael Oliver is an English football referee who officiates in the Premier League since being promoted to the Select Group of Referees in 2010. Later that year he became the youngest-ever referee to take charge of a Premier League game...

    , youngest ever Barclays Premier League referee resides in Cramlington.
  • Stephen Caldwell, former Newcastle United Defender and current Burnley
    Burnley F.C.
    Burnley Football Club are a professional English Football League club based in Burnley, Lancashire. Nicknamed the Clarets, due to the dominant colour of their home shirts, they were founder members of the Football League in 1888...

     captain and Scotland international, used to live in the centre of the town, while he was at Newcastle.
  • Stephen Miller (Athlete)
    Stephen Miller
    Stephen Miller was an American Republican politician. He was the first Civil War veteran to serve as Minnesota Governor. He was the fourth Governor of Minnesota.-Early years and business entrepreneur:...

    , Paralympic Gold Medalist comes from Cramlington.
  • Martin Brittain
    Martin Brittain
    Martin Brittain is an English footballer, who currently plays for Gateshead.-Career:Born in Cramlington, Northumberland, Brittain started his career at Newcastle United as a youngster. Brittain made his debut for Newcastle on 3 March 2004 as a substitute in a 3-1 win over Vålerenga in the UEFA Cup...

    , professional footballer and former Newcastle United and current Gateshead F.C.
    Gateshead F.C.
    Gateshead Football Club are a professional Association football club, based in Gateshead, England. They currently play in the Conference National, the fifth level of the English football league system.Ian Bogie is the current manager....

     midfielder is from Cramlington.
  • Martin Taylor, professional footballer currently with Birmingham City, went to Cramlington High School.


External links

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