Compiègne
Encyclopedia
Compiègne is a city in northern France
. It is designated municipally as a commune
within the département of Oise
.
The city is located along the Oise River
. Its inhabitants are called Compiégnois.
in the Compiègne Forest
was the site of the signing of two armistices; the 1918 Armistice with Germany
and the 1940 Armistice with France
. Hitler specifically chose the location, and had the original signing carriage moved from Paris to Compiègne, as an irony for the defeated French.
The site still houses several memorials to the 1918 armistice, including a copy of the original railway carriage. The original, after use in the 1940 armistice was moved to Berlin as a trophy of Nazi triumph. The railway carriage was later taken to Crawinkel
in Thuringia
in 1945, where it was destroyed by SS troops and the remains buried. A replica now stands at the original site.
railway station offers connections with Paris, Amiens, Cambrai and several regional destinations. The nearest motorway is the A1
Paris-Lille.
. It was also the finish city of 3rd stage in the 2007 Tour de France
.
, Italy
, since 1962 Bury St Edmunds, England
, since 1967 Elbląg
, Poland
, since 2002 Guimarães
, Portugal
, since 2006 Huy
, Belgium
, since 1959 Kiryat Tivon, Israel
, since 1988 Landshut
, Germany
, since 1962 Raleigh
, North Carolina
, United States
, since 1989 Shirakawa, Fukushima
, Japan
, since 1988 Vianden
, Luxembourg
, since 1964
Compiègne is also partnered with: Beauvais
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. It is designated municipally as a commune
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
within the département of Oise
Oise
Oise is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise.-History:Oise is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
.
The city is located along the Oise River
Oise River
The River Oise is a right tributary of the River Seine, flowing for 302 km in Belgium and France. Its source is in the Belgian province Hainaut, south of the town Chimay. It crosses the border with France after about 20 km. It flows into the Seine in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, near Paris...
. Its inhabitants are called Compiégnois.
Administration
Compiègne is the seat of three cantons- Compiègne-Nord (with 5 communes)
- Compiègne-Sud-Est (southeast) (with 4 communes)
- Compiègne-Sud-Ouest (southwest) (with 5 communes)
History
- 665 - Saint WilfridWilfridWilfrid was an English bishop and saint. Born a Northumbrian noble, he entered religious life as a teenager and studied at Lindisfarne, at Canterbury, in Gaul, and at Rome; he returned to Northumbria in about 660, and became the abbot of a newly founded monastery at Ripon...
consecrated Bishop of York.
- February 888 - Odo, Count of ParisOdo, Count of ParisOdo was a King of Western Francia, reigning from 888 to 898. He was a son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, whose branch of the family is known as the Robertians....
and king of the FranksFranksThe Franks were a confederation of Germanic tribes first attested in the third century AD as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a...
was crowned in Compiègne.
- 23 May 1430 - During the Hundred Years' WarHundred Years' WarThe Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
, Joan of ArcJoan of ArcSaint Joan of Arc, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" , is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the...
was captured by the BurgundiansBurgundiansThe Burgundians were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr , and from there to mainland Europe...
while attempting to free CompiègneSiege of CompiègneThe Siege of Compiègne was Joan of Arc's final military action. Her career as a leader ended with her capture during a skirmish outside the town on 23 May 1430...
. They then sold her to the English.
- 1630 - Marie de' MediciMarie de' MediciMarie de Médicis , Italian Maria de' Medici, was queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon. She herself was a member of the wealthy and powerful House of Medici...
's attempts to displace Richelieu ultimately led to her exile to Compiègne, from where she escaped to BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
in 1631.
- 1900 - The golfGolf at the 1900 Summer OlympicsAt the 1900 Summer Olympics, two golf events were contested, men's and women's individual events.-Medal summary:-Medal table:France and Greece had golfers compete, but won no medals.-Men's:...
events for the 1900 Summer Olympics1900 Summer OlympicsThe 1900 Summer Olympics, today officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1900 in Paris, France. No opening or closing ceremonies were held; competitions began on May 14 and ended on October 28. The Games were held as part of...
took place.
- 11 November 1918 - The Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)The armistice between the Allies and Germany was an agreement that ended the fighting in the First World War. It was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on 11 November 1918 and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany, although not technically a surrender...
, agreed at Le Francport near Compiègne, ends fighting of World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
- 22 June 1940 - Another Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)The Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed at 18:50 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, in the department of Oise, between Nazi Germany and France...
was signed between Nazi GermanyNazi GermanyNazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
and the defeated France in Le Francport, near Compiègne, in the same place as in 1918, in the same railroad carriage, but with the seats swapped.
- 1968 - The starting location of the Paris–Roubaix bicycleBicycleA bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
race was changed from ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
to Compiègne.
- 2004 - The Communauté de Communes de la Région de Compiègne becomes a partner in a European Union INTERREG IIIb project called SAND (see link below)
Historical population
- 1882: 13,393
- 1990: 41,663 (municipal), 44,703 (total)
- 1999: 41,076 (municipal), 44,703 (total), 69,903 (agglomeration), urban (108,234)
Museums
- Château de CompiègneChâteau de CompiègneThe Castle of Compiègne is a French château, a royal residence built for Louis XV and restored by Napoleon. Compiègne was one of three seats of royal government, the others being Versailles and Fontainebleau...
- the castle itself, and museums of the Second French EmpireSecond French EmpireThe Second French Empire or French Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.-Rule of Napoleon III:...
, of historic figurines and of motoring and tourism within its walls - Musée Antoine VivenelMusée Antoine VivenelThe Musée Antoine Vivenel is the municipal museum of the city of Compiègne, located at 2, rue d'Austerlitz, 60200 Compiègne. It was founded in 1839, following an important gift by Antoine Vivenel.-Paintings:...
Compiègne Forest
The Glade of the ArmisticeGlade of the Armistice
The Glade of the Armistice is a war memorial in the Forest of Compiègne. It stands on the spot where in 1918 the Germans signed the armistice that ended World War I....
in the Compiègne Forest
Compiègne Forest
The Forest of Compiègne is a large forest in the region of Picardie, France, near the city of Compiègne and approximately north of Paris.-Geography:...
was the site of the signing of two armistices; the 1918 Armistice with Germany
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)
The armistice between the Allies and Germany was an agreement that ended the fighting in the First World War. It was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on 11 November 1918 and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany, although not technically a surrender...
and the 1940 Armistice with France
Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)
The Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed at 18:50 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, in the department of Oise, between Nazi Germany and France...
. Hitler specifically chose the location, and had the original signing carriage moved from Paris to Compiègne, as an irony for the defeated French.
The site still houses several memorials to the 1918 armistice, including a copy of the original railway carriage. The original, after use in the 1940 armistice was moved to Berlin as a trophy of Nazi triumph. The railway carriage was later taken to Crawinkel
Crawinkel
Crawinkel is a municipality in the eastern part of Germany in the district of Gotha, Thuringia. Crawinkel was first mentioned in 1088.After the Armistice with France in 1940, during World War II, German forces took numerous memorials from the forest of Compiègne, where the Armistice with Germany...
in Thuringia
Thuringia
The Free State of Thuringia is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country.It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states....
in 1945, where it was destroyed by SS troops and the remains buried. A replica now stands at the original site.
Education
Compiègne is home to the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC), an engineering school founded in the mid-1970s to provide an alternative to the traditional "grandes écoles" for students interested in technical fields. The UTC has a strong international students program known as Esperanto, and hosts students from around the world.Transport
The Gare de CompiègneGare de Compiègne
Gare de Compiègne is a railway station serving the town Compiègne, Oise department, northern France. It is situated on the Creil–Jeumont railway.-Services:-References:*...
railway station offers connections with Paris, Amiens, Cambrai and several regional destinations. The nearest motorway is the A1
A1 autoroute (France)
The A1 Autoroute, also known as l'autoroute du Nord , is the busiest of France's autoroutes. With a length of , it connects Paris with the northern city of Lille. It is managed by the Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France...
Paris-Lille.
Cycling
Since 1968 Compiègne is the traditional start city of the famous Paris–Roubaix bicycle raceRoad bicycle racing
Road bicycle racing is a bicycle racing sport held on roads, using racing bicycles. The term "road racing" is usually applied to events where competing riders start simultaneously with the winner being the first to the line at the end of the course .Historically, the most...
. It was also the finish city of 3rd stage in the 2007 Tour de France
2007 Tour de France
The 2007 Tour de France, the 94th running of the race, took place from 7 July to 29 July 2007. The Tour began with a prologue in London, and ended with the traditional finish in Paris. Along the way, the route also passed through Belgium and Spain...
.
Notable people
Compiègne was the birthplace of:- RoscellinusRoscellinusRoscellinus, also called Roscelin of Compiègne or in Latin Roscellinus Compendiensis and Rucelinus , was a French philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of nominalism .-Biography:...
(~1050 - ~1122), philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of NominalismNominalismNominalism is a metaphysical view in philosophy according to which general or abstract terms and predicates exist, while universals or abstract objects, which are sometimes thought to correspond to these terms, do not exist. Thus, there are at least two main versions of nominalism... - Pierre d'AillyPierre d'AillyPierre d'Ailly was a French theologian, astrologer, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church....
(1350–1420), theologianTheologyTheology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
and cardinalCardinal (Catholicism)A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of the Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity... - Albert RobidaAlbert RobidaAlbert Robida was an illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist. He edited and published La Caricature magazine for 12 years. Through the 1880s he wrote an acclaimed trilogy of futuristic novels...
(1848–1926), illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist - Marcel TabuteauMarcel TabuteauMarcel Tabuteau was a French oboist who is generally considered the founder of the American school of oboe playing.-Life:...
(1887–1966), OboistOboistAn oboist is a musician who plays the oboe or any oboe family instrument, including the cor anglais, oboe d'amore, shawm and oboe musette....
, regarded as the founder of American oboe playing. - Suzanne LenglenSuzanne LenglenSuzanne Rachel Flore Lenglen was a French tennis player who won 31 Championship titles between 1914 and 1926...
(1899–1938), tennis player, international female sport star
Twin towns
Compiègne is twinned with: AronaArona
-Places:Italy*Arona, Piedmont, a town in the Province of NovaraSpain*Arona, Tenerife, a municipality in the Canary IslandsUnited States*Arona, Pennsylvania-Persons:*Danilo Arona, Italian writer* Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, since 1962 Bury St Edmunds, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, since 1967 Elbląg
Elblag
Elbląg is a city in northern Poland with 127,892 inhabitants . It is the capital of Elbląg County and has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital of Elbląg Voivodeship and a county seat in Gdańsk Voivodeship...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, since 2002 Guimarães
Guimarães
Guimarães Municipality is located in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the Braga District. It contains the city of Guimarães.The present Mayor is António Magalhães Silva, elected by the Socialist Party.-Parishes:-Economy:...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
, since 2006 Huy
Huy
Huy is a municipality of Belgium. It lies in the country's Walloon Region and Province of Liege. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to about two-thirds of the Walloon population...
, Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, since 1959 Kiryat Tivon, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
, since 1988 Landshut
Landshut
Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany, belonging to both Eastern and Southern Bavaria. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also the seat of the...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, since 1962 Raleigh
Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh is the capital and the second largest city in the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 403,892, over an area of , making Raleigh...
, North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, since 1989 Shirakawa, Fukushima
Shirakawa, Fukushima
is a city in Fukushima, Japan. It is located in the southern portion of the prefecture.The 2003 estimated population was 48,297 and the density in that year was 410.44 persons per km². The total area was 117.67 km²...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, since 1988 Vianden
Vianden
Vianden is a commune with city status in the Oesling, north-eastern Luxembourg, with over 1,500 inhabitants. It is the capital of the canton of Vianden, which is part of the district of Diekirch. Vianden lies on the Our river, near the border between Luxembourg and Germany., the town of Vianden,...
, Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
, since 1964
Compiègne is also partnered with: Beauvais
Beauvais
Beauvais is a city approximately by highway north of central Paris, in the northern French region of Picardie. It currently has a population of over 60,000 inhabitants.- History :...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
See also
- Communes of the Oise department
- Dialogues of the CarmelitesDialogues of the CarmelitesDialogues of the Carmelites , is an opera in three acts by Francis Poulenc. In 1953, M. Valcarenghi approached Poulenc to commission a ballet for La Scala in Milan; when Poulenc found the proposed subject uninspiring, Valcarenghi suggested instead a screenplay by Georges Bernanos, based on the...
- Martyrs of CompiegneMartyrs of CompiègneThe Martyrs of Compiègne are sixteen Carmelite nuns who were guillotined On 17 July 1794 during the Reign of Terror. They are commemorated on 17 July of the Carmelite Calendar of Saints.Terrye Newkirk writes in :...
- Monument aux morts (Oise)Monument aux morts (Oise)There are well over 700 individual monument aux morts in Oise, in the region of Picardy, and this article describes some of them, with information on the sculptors, marbriers or foundries involved....
- Siege of CompiègneSiege of CompiègneThe Siege of Compiègne was Joan of Arc's final military action. Her career as a leader ended with her capture during a skirmish outside the town on 23 May 1430...
External links
- City council website (in French)
- Le musée du château/The Château museum
- SAND Project site
- Steven Lehrer's Compiègne site
- INTERREG
- Universite de Technologie de Compiegne
- Joan of Arc Captured At Compiegne
- Cultural Association defending the Death-Rap values
- customized transport in compiègne
- Concerts in Compiègne
| North: Clairoix Clairoix Clairoix is a village in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.... , Choisy-au-Bac Choisy-au-Bac Choisy-au-Bac is a town in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.-References:*... and Margny-lès-Compiègne Margny-lès-Compiègne Margny-lès-Compiègne is a town in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.-References:* Notes... | ||
| West: Jaux Jaux Jaux is a small town in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.... , Venette Venette Venette is a village in northern France, close to Compiègne. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.The city is located along the Oise River. Its inhabitants are called Venettiens. There are about 2800 inhabitants .... | Compiègne | East: Saint-Jean-aux-Bois Saint-Jean-aux-Bois Saint-Jean-aux-Bois may refer to the following places in France:* Saint-Jean-aux-Bois, Ardennes, a commune in the Ardennes department* Saint-Jean-aux-Bois, Oise, a commune in the Oise department... and Vieux-Moulin Vieux-Moulin Vieux-Moulin may refer to the following places in France:* Vieux-Moulin, Oise, a commune in the Oise department* Vieux-Moulin, Vosges, a commune in the Vosges department... |
| South: Lacroix-Saint-Ouen Lacroix-Saint-Ouen Lacroix-Saint-Ouen or La Croix Saint Ouen is a town in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.It lies 75 km north of Paris.-Population:... |