Colorado Mounted Rangers
Encyclopedia
The Colorado Mounted Rangers, or the Colorado Rangers, are the oldest statewide law enforcement organization in Colorado
Colorado
Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...

, organized in 1861.

Origin & Early Days

The Rangers trace their roots to the Jefferson Rangers, organized in 1859 to keep the peace in the unofficial Jefferson Territory
Jefferson Territory
The Provisional Government of the Territory of Jefferson was an extralegal and unrecognized United States territory that existed from October 24, 1859 until the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861...

 during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, often guarding shipments of gold coming out of the camps. In 1861, the Colorado Territory
Colorado Territory
The Territory of Colorado was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from February 28, 1861, until August 1, 1876, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Colorado....

 was established, and the Rangers were reorganized as the Colorado Rangers. Rangers would serve as Colorado's only statewide law enforcement through the 1920s. The Colorado Rangers were fashioned after the well known Texas Rangers
Texas Ranger Division
The Texas Ranger Division, commonly called the Texas Rangers, is a law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction in Texas, and is based in Austin, Texas...

 and often served both law enforcement and militia
Militia
The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...

 roles in the early days of the Colorado Territory.

Rangers, along with other Colorado volunteers were instrumental in the Battle of Glorieta Pass
Battle of Glorieta Pass
The Battle of Glorieta Pass, fought from March 26 to 28, 1862 in northern New Mexico Territory, was the decisive battle of the New Mexico Campaign during the American Civil War. Dubbed the "Gettysburg of the West" by some historians, it was intended as the killer blow by Confederate forces to break...

. This battle was key in stopping the Confederate
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army was the army of the Confederate States of America while the Confederacy existed during the American Civil War. On February 8, 1861, delegates from the seven Deep South states which had already declared their secession from the United States of America adopted the...

 advance towards the Colorado gold field
Gold mining
Gold mining is the removal of gold from the ground. There are several techniques and processes by which gold may be extracted from the earth.-History:...

s. This battle is now known as the "Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg , was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac...

 of the West" During this time, Rangers were still upholding the law in Colorado as well. In 1862, Captain A.J. Gill, Commander of the Colorado Rangers, detailed his investigation of the murder of Conrad Moschel near present day Franktown
Franktown, Colorado
Franktown is a census-designated place in Douglas County, Colorado, in the United States. The population was 395 at the 2010 census. The Franktown Post Office has the ZIP Code 80116. Pike's Peak Grange No...

 in a letter to his superiors. In it he states that the culprits tried to make it appear that Native Americans were responsible, but Capt. Gill concluded from the evidence that local outlaws were to blame.

After the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

, the Colorado Rangers returned in earnest to their law enforcement duties. From time to time the Rangers were also called upon by Colorado's Governors to keep the peace during times of civil unrest, natural disaster
Natural disaster
A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard . It leads to financial, environmental or human losses...

s, and during a dispute in Cripple Creek during the violent Labor Wars
Colorado Labor Wars
Colorado's most significant battles between labor and capital occurred primarily between miners and mine operators. In these battles the state government, with one clear exception, always took the side of the mine operators....

 in Colorado's mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...

 towns. In their duty to protect the Governor, Rangers were occasionally known as the "Governor's Guard". ( In March 1999, then Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 Bill Owens proudly acknowledged this fact in a letter to the Colorado Mounted Rangers.) With the coming of Prohibition
Prohibition
Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, is the practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages. The term can also apply to the periods in the histories of the countries during which the...

 to Colorado, Rangers were once again called to enforce the laws of the State, serving as the statewide Prohibition Unit.

Fighting Organized Crime

Denver District Attorney Philip Van Cise also used the rangers to break up widespread organized crime
Organized crime
Organized crime or criminal organizations are transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist organizations, are...

 and to fight corruption
Political corruption
Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...

 in Denver's City Hall in the early 1920s.

In 1922, Van Cise set up an independent investigation of the Blonger gang, secretly funded by a group of wealthy Denver citizens. On August 24, 1922, Van Cise used a special force of Colorado Rangers to capture 33 suspects in a single day. Fearing that Blonger's contacts within the Denver Police Department would tip off the gang once the first suspect was taken to jail, Van Cise detained the gang members in the basement of the First Universalist Church, where he was a member, until the sweep was complete.

With the help of the Colorado Rangers, 20 con men
Confidence trick
A confidence trick is an attempt to defraud a person or group by gaining their confidence. A confidence artist is an individual working alone or in concert with others who exploits characteristics of the human psyche such as dishonesty and honesty, vanity, compassion, credulity, irresponsibility,...

, including Lou Blonger
Lou Blonger
Lou Blonger , born Louis Herbert Belonger, was a Wild West saloonkeeper, gambling-house owner, and mine speculator, but is best known as the kingpin of an extensive ring of confidence tricksters that operated for more than 25 years in Denver, Colorado...

, were convicted and sent to prison, effectively busting the "Million-Dollar Bunco Ring."

Death of Ranger Edward P. Bell

On Saturday night, October 14, 1922, Rangers Edward Bell and George Jennings received an anonymous telephone tip that a filling station west of Limon, Colorado
Limon, Colorado
Limon is a Statutory Town that is the most populous town in Lincoln County, Colorado, United States immediately east of Elbert County. The population was 2,071 at the 2000 census. Limon has been called the "Hub City" of Eastern Colorado because Interstate 70, U.S. Highways 24, 40, and 287, and...

 was about to be robbed. Rangers Bell and Jennings immediately left Limon and headed towards the filling station. A short time later, passers-by found the two Rangers unconscious lying by the side of the road with massive injuries, their weapons and wallets missing. They were taken to St. Luke's Hospital in Denver, however, Ranger Bell never recovered from his injuries, passing away on October 16, 1922. The facts of what actually happened were never officially determined, Ranger Jennings could not remember what had happened to the pair due to a head injury, though it was speculated that bootleggers in the area were responsible as Rangers Bell and Jennings had made several large raids on nearby stills in the preceding months.

Rangers disbanded

Having been called out to keep the peace during a mining strike in Cripple Creek in 1894, the Rangers came to be seen as being on the side of big business. This was complicated in the 1920s by the fact that the Commanding Officer of the Rangers, Gen. Pat Hamrock, also served as the Commander of the Colorado National Guard
Colorado National Guard
The Colorado Department of Military and Veterans Affairs is a state agency of the Government of Colorado. It supervises both the Colorado National Guard , and non-military state safety agencies.The Department consists of the Department of Military Affairs, and the Division of Veterans' Affairs, and...

. It was the National Guard that had participated in strike breaking on behalf of business interests in the early 1900s during the Colorado Labor Wars
Colorado Labor Wars
Colorado's most significant battles between labor and capital occurred primarily between miners and mine operators. In these battles the state government, with one clear exception, always took the side of the mine operators....

, and subsequent incidents such as the Ludlow Massacre
Ludlow massacre
The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914....

.

As public sentiment swayed in the 1920s, and as a result of campaign promises to organized labor and other interests, newly elected Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 William E. Sweet signed an executive order on January 29, 1923, cutting off funding and effectively disbanding the Rangers. Many Rangers went on to serve in the Colorado Prohibition Unit
Prohibition in the United States
Prohibition in the United States was a national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol, in place from 1920 to 1933. The ban was mandated by the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and the Volstead Act set down the rules for enforcing the ban, as well as defining which...

, though without State Police powers. Four years later, after much debate, on April 1, 1927 Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 Billy Adams
Billy Adams
William Herbert Adams , better known as Billy Adams, was the 25th Governor of the State of Colorado, United States, from 1927 until 1933....

 repealed the Department of Safety Act, thus officially disbanding the Colorado Rangers.

Rangers revived during coal strike

In an ironic twist, just seven months after signing legislation to disband the Rangers, Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 Adams
Billy Adams
William Herbert Adams , better known as Billy Adams, was the 25th Governor of the State of Colorado, United States, from 1927 until 1933....

 found himself and the State of Colorado in need, and once again called out the remnants of the now defunct Colorado Rangers, many from the ranks of the State Prohibition Unit. On November 21, 1927, led by noted Ranger Louis Scherf, the Colorado Rangers responded to civil unrest during a mining strike at the Columbine Mine, near present day Erie, Colorado
Erie, Colorado
Erie is a Statutory Town in Boulder and Weld counties in the U.S. state of Colorado. The estimated population according to the 2010 US Census is 18,135 and was recorded as 6,291 at the 2000 census. The Town of Erie is located just west of I-25 for easy access to I-70, Denver International Airport...

. Unfortunately, the confrontation between striking miners, mine security guards, and the Rangers quickly turned violent and six miners were killed in the ensuing skirmish. The unfortunate events of the day have come to be known as the Columbine Mine Massacre
Columbine Mine massacre
The first Columbine Massacre, sometimes called the Columbine Mine massacre to distinguish it from the Columbine High School massacre, occurred in 1927, in the town of Serene, Colorado. A fight broke out between Colorado state police and a group of striking coal miners, during which the unarmed...

, though both sides dispute the actual events of the day. The Rangers were once again disbanded, ending a chapter in their history. This left Colorado without standing statewide police protection until 1935 when the Colorado State Highway Courtesy Patrol (later becoming the Colorado State Patrol
Colorado State Patrol
The Colorado State Patrol , based in Lakewood, Colorado, is a division of the Colorado Department of Public Safety, and is one of the official state police agencies of Colorado, along with the Colorado Bureau of Investigation and several smaller state agencies...

) was formed.

Reorganized

Governor Teller Ammons
Teller Ammons
Teller Ammons was the 28th Governor of Colorado from 1937 to 1939.Ammons was the son of Colorado Governor Elias M. Ammons, and was named for his father's friend, U.S. Senator Henry Moore Teller...

 called the Rangers to duty one more time. This time they were reorganized as an all volunteer unit, the Colorado Mounted Rangers. Although this group formed and functioned during Gov. Ammons term of office (1937–1939), they were not formally incorporated until February 21, 1941, organized with a single Troop in Bailey
Bailey, Colorado
Bailey is an unincorporated town and U.S. Post Office in northeastern Park County, Colorado, United States.The ZIP Code of the Bailey Post Office is 80421. Bailey is in the Mountain Time Zone. The community is located along U.S...

.

In 1955, with a growing role in civil defense
Civil defense
Civil defense, civil defence or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state from military attack. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation, and recovery...

, the Colorado Mounted Rangers changed their constitution to form a squadron of several troops throughout the state. Sheriff Rufus Jones of Teller County
Teller County, Colorado
Teller County is the 22nd most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The county population was 20,555 at U.S. Census 2000. The county seat is Cripple Creek, and the most populous city is Woodland Park...

 helped the original Bailey
Bailey, Colorado
Bailey is an unincorporated town and U.S. Post Office in northeastern Park County, Colorado, United States.The ZIP Code of the Bailey Post Office is 80421. Bailey is in the Mountain Time Zone. The community is located along U.S...

 Troop organize the Rangers on a statewide basis. Rangers serve as an unpaid volunteer auxiliary to any agency that requests their assistance.

Colorado Mounted Rangers have responded and assisted in natural disasters across Colorado, such as the 1971 Blizzard in Kim
Kim, Colorado
The Town of Kim is a Statutory Town located in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 65 at the U.S. Census 2000.Rodeo star Lane Frost was born in La Junta in 1963 but spent his first days with his mother and grandparents in Kim, while his father was on tour.-Geography:Kim...

, the Big Thompson Flood
Big Thompson River
The Big Thompson River is a tributary of the South Platte River, approximately 78 miles long, in the U.S. state of Colorado.- Course of the river :...

, the Black Ridge Fire, and the Hayman Fire
Hayman fire
The Hayman Fire was a forest fire that started southwest of Denver, Colorado and northwest of Colorado Springs on June 8, 2002, and became the largest fire in the state's recorded history. Hundreds of forestry officials and firefighters fought the fast-moving inferno, which caused nearly $40...

.

While conducting search and rescue efforts, especially in the Southwestern part of the State, the Colorado Mounted Rangers have saved the lives of many lost and injured climbers
Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands and feet to ascend a steep object. It is done both for recreation and professionally, as part of activities such as maintenance of a structure, or military operations.Climbing activities include:* Bouldering: Ascending boulders or small...

, hikers
Hiking
Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain. People often hike on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. The health benefits of different types of hiking...

, hunters
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living thing, usually wildlife, for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to applicable law...

, and mountain bikers
Mountain biking
Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.Mountain biking can...

.

Today's Rangers

Today, the Colorado Rangers / Colorado Mounted Rangers are an all volunteer force that assists any local, state, and federal law enforcement agency in Colorado. They train to the Colorado P.O.S.T. (Peace Officer Standards and Training) board standards. Rangers provide security in emergency situations, assist in search and rescue
Search and rescue
Search and rescue is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger.The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, mostly based upon terrain considerations...

 operations, and provide assistance to local, state, and federal law enforcement authorities as requested. Rangers are sworn to support the Constitution
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...

 and laws of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and the State of Colorado.

Recognition

In 1999, Ranger Edward P. Bell was included in the Colorado Law Enforcement Memorial. He is the only Colorado Ranger to have been killed in the line of duty.

In 2001, The Colorado House of Representatives of the Sixty-third General Assembly, passed HOUSE RESOLUTION 01-1009 to recognize and honor the Colorado Mounted Rangers' years of service in the state of Colorado.

In 2002, The Colorado State Senate of the Sixty-third General Assembly, passed RESOLUTION 02-008 to recognize and honor the countless hours of service the Colorado Mounted Rangers have served the state of Colorado since 1861.

In 2004, Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 Bill Owens declared Feb. 21, 2004, "Colorado Ranger / Colorado Mounted Ranger Day" honoring the long tradition of service to the State of Colorado.

In 2011, Ranger Bell was enshrined at the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial
The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial in Washington, D.C., at Judiciary Square, honors the nearly 19,000 U.S. law enforcement officers who have died in the line of duty throughout history. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund was established by former U.S...

 in Washington, D.C.

Present Troops

Troop B - Cripple Creek
Cripple Creek, Colorado
The City of Cripple Creek is a Statutory City that is the county seat of Teller County, Colorado, United States. Cripple Creek is a former gold mining camp located southwest of Colorado Springs near the base of Pikes Peak. The Cripple Creek Historic District, which received National Historic...



Troop DDurango
Durango, Colorado
The City of Durango is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous city of La Plata County, Colorado, United States. The United States Census Bureau said that the city population was 16,887 in 2010 census.-History:...



Troop H - Denver Metro - North
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...



Troop IColorado Springs
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in South-Central Colorado, in the southern portion of the state. It is situated on Fountain Creek and is located south of the Colorado...



Troop J - Cañon City
Cañon City, Colorado
The City of Cañon City is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous city of Fremont County, State of Colorado. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the city population was 16,000 in 2005. Cañon City is noted for being the location of nine state and four ...



Troop K - Denver Metro - South
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...


Mission of the Colorado Rangers / Colorado Mounted Rangers


"...Provide assistance to the people of Colorado by working in cooperation with local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies to assist with security, traffic and crowd control, search and rescue, and other similar functions ..."

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The terms Colorado Rangers and Colorado Mounted Rangers are registered trademarks (since 1941) [1] The Colorado Mounted Rangers/Colorado Rangers is an IRS registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization
Non-profit organization
Nonprofit organization is neither a legal nor technical definition but generally refers to an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals, rather than distributing them as profit or dividends...

 incorporated in the state of Colorado and is tax exempt
Tax exemption
Various tax systems grant a tax exemption to certain organizations, persons, income, property or other items taxable under the system. Tax exemption may also refer to a personal allowance or specific monetary exemption which may be claimed by an individual to reduce taxable income under some...

.
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