Chlorophenol
Encyclopedia
A chlorophenol is any organochloride
of phenol
that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine
atoms. Chlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation
of phenol with chlorine
. Most chlorophenols have a number of different isomer
s. Monochlorophenols have three isomers because there is only chlorine atom which can occupy one of three ring positions on the phenol molecule; 2-chlorophenol
, for example, is the isomer that has a chlorine atom in the ortho
position. Pentachlorophenol
, by contrast, has only one isomer because all five available ring positions on the phenol are fully chlorinated.
Chlorophenols are commonly used as pesticides, herbicides, and disinfectants.
Organochloride
An organochloride, organochlorine, chlorocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, or chlorinated solvent is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of applications...
of phenol
Phenol
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, phenic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid. The molecule consists of a phenyl , bonded to a hydroxyl group. It is produced on a large scale as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds...
that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine
Chlorine
Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
atoms. Chlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation
Electrophilic halogenation
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system....
of phenol with chlorine
Chlorine
Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
. Most chlorophenols have a number of different isomer
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical...
s. Monochlorophenols have three isomers because there is only chlorine atom which can occupy one of three ring positions on the phenol molecule; 2-chlorophenol
2-Chlorophenol
2-Chlorophenol or ortho-chlorophenol is an organic compound, a derivative of phenol. Related compounds are used as a disinfectant agents and various pesticides. This particular compound has few applications, but is an intermediate in the polychlorination of phenol.-External links:* , Agency for...
, for example, is the isomer that has a chlorine atom in the ortho
Arene substitution patterns
Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon.- Ortho, meta, and para substitution :...
position. Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names...
, by contrast, has only one isomer because all five available ring positions on the phenol are fully chlorinated.
Chlorophenols are commonly used as pesticides, herbicides, and disinfectants.