Cherry Bark Elm
Encyclopedia
Ulmus villosa Brandis ex Gamble, the Cherry-bark Elm, is one of the more distinctive Asiatic elms, and a species capable of remarkable longevity. It is endemic to the valleys of the Kashmir
at elevations from 1200 m to 2500 m but has become increasingly rare owing to its popularity as cattle fodder, and mature trees are now largely restricted to temples and shrines where they are treated as sacred . Some of these trees are believed to be aged over 800 years
s, although it eventually becomes very coarsely furrowed. The oblong-elliptic-acute
leaves are < 11 cm long by 5 cm broad. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear in spring, and are particularly densely clustered, the white hairs covering the perianth and ovary contrasting with the purplish anthers. The samarae
are elliptic and up to 12 mm long, densely hairy on both sides .
and the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola, but a moderate susceptibility to Elm Yellows
.
, attained a height of 25 m and was considered very elegant, although it tended to shed shoots after flowering heavily; it was felled in the 1990s after succumbing to Dutch Elm Disease
. Two trees planted as part of the UK Forestry Commission's elm trials at the Westonbirt Arboretum
in the 1970s also died, although the cause of death has not been recorded. Plantings elsewhere in Europe
are few and far between. Several trees survive in the Gijsbrecht-Amstelpark
area of Amsterdam
and in the port http://www.amsterdambomen.nl. Ulmus villosa is not known to be in commerce.
at an exposed location on clay
has grown more in width than height to form an amorphous (albeit healthy) mound of vegetation; in 2005 it was 11.6 m high with a trunk 38 cm d.b.h..
Europe
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
at elevations from 1200 m to 2500 m but has become increasingly rare owing to its popularity as cattle fodder, and mature trees are now largely restricted to temples and shrines where they are treated as sacred . Some of these trees are believed to be aged over 800 years
Description
Growing up to 25 m high, the tree is rather lightly and pendulously branched, the bark smooth with distinctive horizontal bands of lenticelLenticel
A lenticel is an airy aggregation of cells within the structural surfaces of the stems, roots, and other parts of vascular plants. It functions as a pore, providing a medium for the direct exchange of gasses between the internal tissues and atmosphere, thereby bypassing the periderm, which would...
s, although it eventually becomes very coarsely furrowed. The oblong-elliptic-acute
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
leaves are < 11 cm long by 5 cm broad. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear in spring, and are particularly densely clustered, the white hairs covering the perianth and ovary contrasting with the purplish anthers. The samarae
Samara (fruit)
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent . It is a winged achene...
are elliptic and up to 12 mm long, densely hairy on both sides .
Pests and diseases
U. villosa has a low susceptibility to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
and the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola, but a moderate susceptibility to Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. Elm Yellows, also known as Elm Phloem Necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm Yellows occurs in the Eastern United States and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which...
.
Cultivation
A tree once grown at Kew Gardens, LondonLondon
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, attained a height of 25 m and was considered very elegant, although it tended to shed shoots after flowering heavily; it was felled in the 1990s after succumbing to Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
. Two trees planted as part of the UK Forestry Commission's elm trials at the Westonbirt Arboretum
Westonbirt Arboretum
Westonbirt, The National Arboretum is managed by the Forestry Commission. Westonbirt Arboretum is located near the historic market town of Tetbury in Gloucestershire, England, and is perhaps the most important and widely known arboretum in the United Kingdom.Planted in the heyday of Victorian plant...
in the 1970s also died, although the cause of death has not been recorded. Plantings elsewhere in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
are few and far between. Several trees survive in the Gijsbrecht-Amstelpark
Amstelpark
The Amstelpark was built for the Dutch garden fair the Floriade in 1972 in Amsterdam-Zuid. The park includes a labyrinth, a café, a restaurant, two galleries, an orangery, petting zoo and a mini-golf course. The Amstelpark attract between the 800 000 and one million visitors a year. - Background...
area of Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
and in the port http://www.amsterdambomen.nl. Ulmus villosa is not known to be in commerce.
Notable trees
The specimen planted in 1989 at the Sir Harold Hillier GardensSir Harold Hillier Gardens
The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron....
at an exposed location on clay
Clay
Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure.- Formation :Clay minerals...
has grown more in width than height to form an amorphous (albeit healthy) mound of vegetation; in 2005 it was 11.6 m high with a trunk 38 cm d.b.h..
Accessions
North America- Bartlett Tree Experts http://www.bartlett.com. Acc. no. 8384.
Europe
- Brighton & HoveBrighton & HoveBrighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort.In 1997 Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium...
City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042. UK champion: Hodshrove Place, 15 m high, 51 cm d.b.h. in 1999 . Tree in Stanmer Park Arboretum, 2008 (Best example in UK). - Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St. James, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, Lincs. UK. Acc. no. 707. - Royal Botanic GardensRoyal Botanic GardensRoyal Botanic Gardens or Royal Botanical Gardens might refer to:* Royal Botanical Gardens in Canada* Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid in Spain* Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago...
KewKewKew is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London. Kew is best known for being the location of the Royal Botanic Gardens, now a World Heritage Site, which includes Kew Palace...
. Acc. no. 1935-69805 (planted 1989). - Royal Botanic GardensRoyal Botanic GardensRoyal Botanic Gardens or Royal Botanical Gardens might refer to:* Royal Botanical Gardens in Canada* Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid in Spain* Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago...
Wakehurst Place. Acc. nos. 1935-69807, 1935-69809. - Sir Harold Hillier GardensSir Harold Hillier GardensThe Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron....
. Acc. no. 1989.2869, wild-collected from SundarnagarSundarnagarSunder Nagar is a place in Mandi City and a municipal council in Mandi district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Formerly it was a princely state, known as Suket.-Geography:Sunder Nagar is located at...
Forest, Himachal PradeshHimachal PradeshHimachal Pradesh is a state in Northern India. It is spread over , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east...
, IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.