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Central Park (skyscraper)
Encyclopedia
Central Park is a 51-storey office tower
in Perth
, Western Australia
. The building measures 226 m (741.5 ft) from its base at St Georges Terrace to the roof, and 249 m (816.9 ft) to the tip of its communications mast
. Upon its completion in 1992, the tower became the tallest building in Perth. It is also currently the ninth tallest building in Australia.
The approval of the tower was controversial due to the plot ratio
concessions made by the Perth City Council
to the developers. These concessions enabled the developers to construct a tower more than twice the height which would otherwise be allowable on the site. There was also opposition to the Council's decision to ignore its own town planning experts in allowing a large car park to be constructed underneath the site.
The building is formed by a composite steel and concrete frame, with various setbacks in its profile, meaning the upper floors are much smaller in area than lower levels. Outrigger trusses at the top of the building and at the various setbacks help to stiffen the building's reinforced concrete
core against the strong winds prevalent in the area. The base of the building features a small park
, for which the tower is named.
department store, which was known by the locals as Foys. The store extended all the way through from St Georges Terrace to Hay Street
, featured a popular cafeteria and "had great areas of window display with island windows beyond the street frontage".
The store changed to a David Jones
department store upon the purchase by that chain of Foy's Western Australian operations. By the late 1970s, David Jones had withdrawn from the Western Australian market, and the site stood vacant after decades as a landmark of St Georges Terrace.
The site was later acquired by Central Park Developments, a joint venture of the Superannuation Board of Western Australia, Bond Corporation and L. R. Connell and Partners
, and in 1986 had a value of A$
20 million.
Demolition of the site had started by October 1986, by which time the planned tower had been expanded slightly to 47 floors.
The 1987 approval of the redevelopment by the Perth City Council was controversial. The Council's own Town Planning Scheme imposed a limit on the number of parking bays in the central business district to ensure that the city streets could handle increased traffic levels coming from extra parking.
Under the Scheme the site was only entitled to 300 car-parking bays.
The developers sought approval for 1,175 car-parking bays, which Council planning experts had said would cause traffic to back up to King Street
waiting for entry.
The Council wanted the developers to consider constructing a road tunnel from Mounts Bay Road
to the underground parking to reduce traffic congestion around the tower, however the developers only agreed to consider building a pedestrian underpass beneath St Georges Terrace.
The final planning approval for the redevelopment was ultimately passed by the Council in an 18–9 decision on 19 October 1987, after a discussion of over two hours. The Council made various planning concessions to allow the development to have 1,175 car-parking bays and exceed the allowable plot ratio. The Council allowed the developers to transfer 15 storeys worth of plot ratio from the landscaped park at the corner of William and Hay streets, and gave bonuses of 10 storeys for actually building the park and 4 storeys for the public space and the quality of the development. As a result, more than half of the tower's eventual 51 floors came from these planning concessions. Councillors Peter Gallagher, Les Johnston and Michael Hale argued that the approval of the redevelopment set a "dangerous precedent", and the State's Planning Minister Bob Pearce
said that the building was "too big" and that the Council should not have granted the extra parking bays to the developers. At the time of the planning approval, the site was owned by AMP
, the Reserve Bank of Australia
and Central Park Developments (the Bond-Connell corporation). The State Government
approved the plans in November 1987 and the construction contract was awarded to Multiplex
.
with South Perth firm Bruechle Gilchrist & Evans as the project engineers.
The building was constructed in a modular
method, whereby floor slabs were pre-cast
off-site and simply dropped into the steel frame of the tower as construction progressed. Over 60000 m² (645,834.6 sq ft) of pre-cast floor units, both rectangular and triangular, were supplied for use in Central Park, the largest such contract ever awarded to an Australian company.
The modular construction principle even extended to the restrooms
of the tower: they arrived on the building site as completely enclosed modules, ready to be fixed into position on each floor and have external services connected.
Major structural work on Central Park concluded with the installation in 1992 of its communications mast. The first tenants, accounting firm BDO Nelson Parkhill, moved in to their offices in May 1992, followed by further tenants including Ernst & Young
in December 1992. Following structural completion of the tower, the public park was landscaped in early 1993.
Construction of Central Park cost $186.5 million, and upon completion the building overtook the R&I Tower (now the BankWest Tower) as the tallest skyscraper in Perth. It was also the city's largest office tower by combined floor area, a title which was taken by QV.1
when that building opened in 1994.
The tower now has a stated 66500 m² (715,800 sq ft) of office and retail space across 51 occupied floors. Major current tenants include miners Rio Tinto
and BHP Billiton
, law firms Minter Ellison
and Mallesons Stephen Jaques
, and internet service provider Westnet
. St George Bank also occupies some space in the building and in mid-2007 the St George logo was installed at the top of the tower.
In September 1999, high winds during a heavy storm resulted in the dislodgement of some domes in the canopy over the building's forecourt. This led to the closure of St Georges Terrace as a safety precaution. The building's then-owner, the Government Employees Superannuation Board, subsequently initiated legal action against the tower's builder Multiplex.
Since 2001, the tower has played host to an annual stair climb race up 53 flights of stairs to the roof.
In 2008 the event raised $103,719 for MS Australia.
Central Park has remained the tallest building in Perth since its completion. However, it will likely be overtaken in height by the City Square
project, which is currently under construction and is expected to be 270 metres (885.8 ft) tall.
The design of the tower changed several times as the prospect of different planning concessions changed. The building as ultimately constructed measures 226 m (741.5 ft) from St Georges Terrace to the roof of the mechanical penthouse
, and 249 m (816.9 ft) to the tip of its communications antenna.
The tower has a composite steel and concrete frame featuring a pre-stressed, reinforced slip-form concrete core, which is stiffened by an outrigger truss
at the top of the tower and at the various side setbacks.
At the time of its completion, Central Park was the tallest core-stiffened building in Australia. The core stiffening method minimises the sway of the building in winds, which even after the core stiffening is around 30 cm (11.8 in) at the tower's top.
The use of a service core structure for the building minimised the number of internal columns were needed, with only two on the largest floors, which maximised usable space. The 1200 millimetres (47.2 in) diameter columns for the tower are made of composite steel and concrete, encased within a permanent formwork of Spiroduct tubing. The pre-cast floor slabs are supported by fire-treated steel beams and provided with a composite action by in-situ topping.
The profile of the building has multiple setbacks
, to provide for variable floor areas to cater to the needs of different tenants. The plan of the tower is based upon a square, with triangular wings extending from opposite sides. The building was oriented to make best use of the relatively narrow frontage onto St Georges Terrace. The tower is clad with aluminium
and glass curtain walls. The building has 5,000 sheets of glass, which get cleaned twice per year. Because of high winds, it can take up to 3 months to complete one window-washing circuit of the building. To clean the exterior faces of the building, the window cleaners have to move vertically over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).
Central Park was noted upon its opening for being technologically advanced, with "fully computerised air conditioning", which uses data from 1,400 sensors on each floor to regulate temperatures in an energy-efficient way. From its uppermost floors, there are views out to Kings Park
and the Indian Ocean
. However, members of the public are not permitted to observe from the building except on designated charity days.
The podium
of the building is clad with stone to complement the surrounding street frontages, and the foyer is decorated with mural
s by artist Brian McKay on 223 m² (2,400.4 sq ft) of aluminium wall panels. In addition to the 64000 m² (688,890.3 sq ft) of office space, 3000 m² (32,291.7 sq ft) of retail space and 1,030 basement car-parking bays in the project at completion, the site also includes a 5000 m² (53,819.6 sq ft) landscaped park, which leads towards the intended focal point of the precinct, the restored Wesley Church
on the opposite side of Hay Street. The architects intended the park to act as a "breathing space in the hard linear nature of the Hay Street Mall". The park contains sunken seated areas and raised grassed areas, as well as a fountain as the centrepiece. There is also a fountain and a large plaza area which provides a pedestrian thoroughfare to St Georges Terrace. It has been variously described as "magnificent", "one of the few green strips in the city outside the grassed area on the river foreshore", the "green lungs of the city",
and "a backyard-sized patch of grass".
Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building of many stories, often designed for office and commercial use. There is no official definition or height above which a building may be classified as a skyscraper...
in Perth
Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....
, Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
. The building measures 226 m (741.5 ft) from its base at St Georges Terrace to the roof, and 249 m (816.9 ft) to the tip of its communications mast
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
. Upon its completion in 1992, the tower became the tallest building in Perth. It is also currently the ninth tallest building in Australia.
The approval of the tower was controversial due to the plot ratio
Floor Area Ratio
The floor area ratio or floor space index is the ratio of the total floor area of buildings on a certain location to the size of the land of that location, or the limit imposed on such a ratio....
concessions made by the Perth City Council
City of Perth
The City of Perth is a local government area and body, within the Perth Metropolitan Area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government body is commonly known as Perth City Council. The city covers the Perth central business district and surrounding suburbs...
to the developers. These concessions enabled the developers to construct a tower more than twice the height which would otherwise be allowable on the site. There was also opposition to the Council's decision to ignore its own town planning experts in allowing a large car park to be constructed underneath the site.
The building is formed by a composite steel and concrete frame, with various setbacks in its profile, meaning the upper floors are much smaller in area than lower levels. Outrigger trusses at the top of the building and at the various setbacks help to stiffen the building's reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars , reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is...
core against the strong winds prevalent in the area. The base of the building features a small park
Park
A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by...
, for which the tower is named.
Department stores
From as early as the 1930s, the site was home to a Foy & GibsonFoy & Gibson
Foy & Gibson was one of Australia's earliest department store chains, modelled on Le Bon Marché in Paris and other European and American Stores of the period...
department store, which was known by the locals as Foys. The store extended all the way through from St Georges Terrace to Hay Street
Hay Street, Perth
Hay Street is a major road through the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. The street was named after Robert William Hay, the Permanent Under Secretary for Colonies. Sections of the road were called Howick Street and Twiss Street until 1897...
, featured a popular cafeteria and "had great areas of window display with island windows beyond the street frontage".
The store changed to a David Jones
David Jones Limited
David Jones Limited , colloquially known as DJs, is a high-end Australian department store chain.David Jones was founded in 1838 by David Jones, a Welsh immigrant, and is claimed to be the oldest continuously operating department store in the world still trading under its original name. It...
department store upon the purchase by that chain of Foy's Western Australian operations. By the late 1970s, David Jones had withdrawn from the Western Australian market, and the site stood vacant after decades as a landmark of St Georges Terrace.
The site was later acquired by Central Park Developments, a joint venture of the Superannuation Board of Western Australia, Bond Corporation and L. R. Connell and Partners
Laurie Connell
Laurie Connell was a Western Australian business entrepreneur. He was well known for his dealings with the Government of Western Australia and his close relationship with the then Premier of Western Australia, Brian Burke, during the WA Inc period in the mid to late 1980s as chairman of the...
, and in 1986 had a value of A$
Australian dollar
The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu...
20 million.
Planning approval
A planned $150 million redevelopment of the 1.5 hectares (3.7 acre) site was announced in October 1985. The plans included a 45-storey office tower, underground car parking, a landscaped park and the extension of the Hay Street Mall westwards to alongside the development.Demolition of the site had started by October 1986, by which time the planned tower had been expanded slightly to 47 floors.
The 1987 approval of the redevelopment by the Perth City Council was controversial. The Council's own Town Planning Scheme imposed a limit on the number of parking bays in the central business district to ensure that the city streets could handle increased traffic levels coming from extra parking.
Under the Scheme the site was only entitled to 300 car-parking bays.
The developers sought approval for 1,175 car-parking bays, which Council planning experts had said would cause traffic to back up to King Street
King Street, Perth
King Street is located in the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. The street has a very European feel with its early 20th century, low-rise architecture and restored facades....
waiting for entry.
The Council wanted the developers to consider constructing a road tunnel from Mounts Bay Road
Mounts Bay Road, Perth
Mounts Bay Road is a major road in Perth, Western Australia, extending southwest from the central business district along the north bank of the Swan River, at the base of Kings Park...
to the underground parking to reduce traffic congestion around the tower, however the developers only agreed to consider building a pedestrian underpass beneath St Georges Terrace.
The final planning approval for the redevelopment was ultimately passed by the Council in an 18–9 decision on 19 October 1987, after a discussion of over two hours. The Council made various planning concessions to allow the development to have 1,175 car-parking bays and exceed the allowable plot ratio. The Council allowed the developers to transfer 15 storeys worth of plot ratio from the landscaped park at the corner of William and Hay streets, and gave bonuses of 10 storeys for actually building the park and 4 storeys for the public space and the quality of the development. As a result, more than half of the tower's eventual 51 floors came from these planning concessions. Councillors Peter Gallagher, Les Johnston and Michael Hale argued that the approval of the redevelopment set a "dangerous precedent", and the State's Planning Minister Bob Pearce
Bob Pearce
Robert John Pearce was an Australian politician, and a member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1977 until 1993 representing the seats of Gosnells and Armadale.-Biography:...
said that the building was "too big" and that the Council should not have granted the extra parking bays to the developers. At the time of the planning approval, the site was owned by AMP
AMP Limited
AMP Limited is an Australian financial corporation. It operates primarily in Australia and New Zealand. AMP formed in 1849 as the Australian Mutual Provident Society, a non-profit life insurance company. In 1998 it was demutualised and listed on the Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges...
, the Reserve Bank of Australia
Reserve Bank of Australia
The Reserve Bank of Australia came into being on 14 January 1960 as Australia's central bank and banknote issuing authority, when the Reserve Bank Act 1959 removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank to it....
and Central Park Developments (the Bond-Connell corporation). The State Government
Government of Western Australia
The formation of the Government of Western Australia is prescribed in its Constitution, which dates from 1890, although it has been amended many times since then...
approved the plans in November 1987 and the construction contract was awarded to Multiplex
Multiplex (company)
Brookfield Multiplex is a global contracting and development company that designs, builds and maintains property and infrastructure assets.- History :Brookfield Multiplex was founded as Multiplex in 1962 in Perth, Western Australia by John Roberts...
.
Construction: 1988 to 1992
Construction on the tower started in 1988,with South Perth firm Bruechle Gilchrist & Evans as the project engineers.
The building was constructed in a modular
Modular design
Modular design, or "modularity in design" is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities...
method, whereby floor slabs were pre-cast
Precast concrete
By producing precast concrete in a controlled environment , the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees. Utilizing a Precast Concrete system offers many potential advantages over site casting of concrete...
off-site and simply dropped into the steel frame of the tower as construction progressed. Over 60000 m² (645,834.6 sq ft) of pre-cast floor units, both rectangular and triangular, were supplied for use in Central Park, the largest such contract ever awarded to an Australian company.
The modular construction principle even extended to the restrooms
Washroom
A public toilet is a room or small building containing one or more toilets and possibly also urinals which is available for use by the general public, or in a broader meaning of "public", by customers of other...
of the tower: they arrived on the building site as completely enclosed modules, ready to be fixed into position on each floor and have external services connected.
Major structural work on Central Park concluded with the installation in 1992 of its communications mast. The first tenants, accounting firm BDO Nelson Parkhill, moved in to their offices in May 1992, followed by further tenants including Ernst & Young
Ernst & Young
Ernst & Young is one of the largest professional services networks in the world and one of the "Big Four" accountancy firms, along with Deloitte, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers ....
in December 1992. Following structural completion of the tower, the public park was landscaped in early 1993.
Construction of Central Park cost $186.5 million, and upon completion the building overtook the R&I Tower (now the BankWest Tower) as the tallest skyscraper in Perth. It was also the city's largest office tower by combined floor area, a title which was taken by QV.1
QV.1
QV.1 is a 40-storey modernist skyscraper in Perth, Western Australia. Completed in 1991, the building is presently the fourth-tallest building in Perth, after Central Park, the yet to be completed BHP Tower and the BankWest Tower...
when that building opened in 1994.
Post-construction
Since its completion, Central Park has been regarded as one of Perth's leading premium office towers. However, in the years following its opening Central Park faced a sluggish office rental market and experienced high vacancy rates for several years.The tower now has a stated 66500 m² (715,800 sq ft) of office and retail space across 51 occupied floors. Major current tenants include miners Rio Tinto
Rio Tinto Group
The Rio Tinto Group is a diversified, British-Australian, multinational mining and resources group with headquarters in London and Melbourne. The company was founded in 1873, when a multinational consortium of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto river, in Huelva, Spain from the...
and BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton is a global mining, oil and gas company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia and with a major management office in London, United Kingdom...
, law firms Minter Ellison
Minter Ellison
Minter Ellison has been ranked the largest Australian-based international law firm . In Australia it is considered one of the Big Six law firms.-Offices:Minter Ellison has offices in 14 cities and five countries....
and Mallesons Stephen Jaques
Mallesons Stephen Jaques
Mallesons Stephen Jaques is a commercial law firm that operates in the Asia-Pacific region. It is one of the 30 largest law firms in Australia, and is widely regarded as one of the top commercial law firms in Australia.-Offices:...
, and internet service provider Westnet
Westnet
Westnet is a Perth-based Australian telecommunications company providing broadband ADSL, broadband ADSL2+, satellite broadband, dialup Internet, telephony and web-hosting services to homes and businesses across Australia.See also Internet in Australia...
. St George Bank also occupies some space in the building and in mid-2007 the St George logo was installed at the top of the tower.
In September 1999, high winds during a heavy storm resulted in the dislodgement of some domes in the canopy over the building's forecourt. This led to the closure of St Georges Terrace as a safety precaution. The building's then-owner, the Government Employees Superannuation Board, subsequently initiated legal action against the tower's builder Multiplex.
Since 2001, the tower has played host to an annual stair climb race up 53 flights of stairs to the roof.
In 2008 the event raised $103,719 for MS Australia.
Central Park has remained the tallest building in Perth since its completion. However, it will likely be overtaken in height by the City Square
BHP Tower
City Square is a skyscraper currently under construction in Perth, Western Australia. Located at 125 St Georges Terrace, the major tennant will be BHP Billiton. Construction commenced in April 2008 and is expected to be completed by 2012...
project, which is currently under construction and is expected to be 270 metres (885.8 ft) tall.
Design
Central Park was the fourth and largest stage in the plan by architects Forbes & Fitzhardinge for the surrounding commercial precinct, which included the AMP Building, the Commonwealth Bank building and the Wesley Centre.The design of the tower changed several times as the prospect of different planning concessions changed. The building as ultimately constructed measures 226 m (741.5 ft) from St Georges Terrace to the roof of the mechanical penthouse
Mechanical floor
A mechanical floor, mechanical penthouse, or mechanical level is a storey of a high-rise building that is dedicated to mechanical and electronics equipment. "Mechanical" is the most commonly used term, but words such as utility, technical, service, and plant are also used...
, and 249 m (816.9 ft) to the tip of its communications antenna.
Truss
In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in...
at the top of the tower and at the various side setbacks.
At the time of its completion, Central Park was the tallest core-stiffened building in Australia. The core stiffening method minimises the sway of the building in winds, which even after the core stiffening is around 30 cm (11.8 in) at the tower's top.
The use of a service core structure for the building minimised the number of internal columns were needed, with only two on the largest floors, which maximised usable space. The 1200 millimetres (47.2 in) diameter columns for the tower are made of composite steel and concrete, encased within a permanent formwork of Spiroduct tubing. The pre-cast floor slabs are supported by fire-treated steel beams and provided with a composite action by in-situ topping.
The profile of the building has multiple setbacks
Setback (architecture)
A setback, sometimes called step-back, is a step-like recession in a wall. Setbacks were initially used for structural reasons, but now are often mandated by land use codes.-History:...
, to provide for variable floor areas to cater to the needs of different tenants. The plan of the tower is based upon a square, with triangular wings extending from opposite sides. The building was oriented to make best use of the relatively narrow frontage onto St Georges Terrace. The tower is clad with aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
and glass curtain walls. The building has 5,000 sheets of glass, which get cleaned twice per year. Because of high winds, it can take up to 3 months to complete one window-washing circuit of the building. To clean the exterior faces of the building, the window cleaners have to move vertically over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).
Central Park was noted upon its opening for being technologically advanced, with "fully computerised air conditioning", which uses data from 1,400 sensors on each floor to regulate temperatures in an energy-efficient way. From its uppermost floors, there are views out to Kings Park
Kings Park, Western Australia
Kings Park is a park located on the western edge of Perth, Western Australia central business district. The park is a mixture of grassed parkland, botanical gardens and natural bushland on Mount Eliza with two thirds of the grounds conserved as native bushland. With panoramic views of the Swan...
and the Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
. However, members of the public are not permitted to observe from the building except on designated charity days.
The podium
Podium
A podium is a platform that is used to raise something to a short distance above its surroundings. It derives from the Greek πόδι In architecture a building can rest on a large podium. Podia can also be used to raise people, for instance the conductor of an orchestra stands on a podium as do many...
of the building is clad with stone to complement the surrounding street frontages, and the foyer is decorated with mural
Mural
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A particularly distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.-History:Murals of...
s by artist Brian McKay on 223 m² (2,400.4 sq ft) of aluminium wall panels. In addition to the 64000 m² (688,890.3 sq ft) of office space, 3000 m² (32,291.7 sq ft) of retail space and 1,030 basement car-parking bays in the project at completion, the site also includes a 5000 m² (53,819.6 sq ft) landscaped park, which leads towards the intended focal point of the precinct, the restored Wesley Church
Wesley Church, Perth
Wesley Church is at 75 William Street at its intersection with Hay Street in Perth, Western Australia. It is one of the oldest church buildings and one of few remaining 19th-century colonial buildings in the City of Perth.-Built form:...
on the opposite side of Hay Street. The architects intended the park to act as a "breathing space in the hard linear nature of the Hay Street Mall". The park contains sunken seated areas and raised grassed areas, as well as a fountain as the centrepiece. There is also a fountain and a large plaza area which provides a pedestrian thoroughfare to St Georges Terrace. It has been variously described as "magnificent", "one of the few green strips in the city outside the grassed area on the river foreshore", the "green lungs of the city",
and "a backyard-sized patch of grass".
See also
- BankWest TowerBankWest TowerThe BankWest Tower is a 52-storey office tower in Perth, Western Australia. Completed in 1988, the building measures to its roof and to the tip of its communications antenna. It was the tallest building in Perth from its completion in 1988 until 1992 when it was overtaken in height by Central...
- List of tallest buildings in Perth
- List of tallest buildings in Australia