Cambodian Hokkien
Encyclopedia
Cambodian Hokkien（柬埔寨福建人） commonly known as Khmer Hokkien is the term used to described the descendants of Hokkien
Chinese
who settled in Cambodia
since the earlier part of 12th century. It links specifically to the Chinese populations of Hokkien
ancestry for all of Cambodia
and other neighbouring regions due to the immigration such as Thailand
, Vietnam
and America
who have retain partially to the whole local customs to be consume into their official individual family's culture or with local community. The result of native culture emerge in domestic costume, initiative has only adopted by The Hokkien ethnic; paralleling to Peranakan
in term of culture and identity of who is Chinese or mixed descent who do not speak Chinese yet remain ethnically and culturally Chinese.
Today, there is a slight decrease in originate culture among the significance number of all Chinese Cambodian
group. Begin a Hokkien descent obviously the most simply compromise with the local people since its rural past which sometimes resume to sufficience nationality depending on where they live, evidential for achieve a own term as Khmer for their pride to be full Cambodian and Hokkien for their preservation toward their ancestors' traditions.
, Funan at 1st century AD, it been attracted a majority of Chinese
in Commercial relation which the transportation fulfilled by sea. There once the time when a group of Chinese had wept while were vaguely seeking the shelter in their first arrival in the area which named Poum Chen Yum literally means Crying Chinese Village. The legend demonstrated the evidence of Hokkien
preceding over centuries. The wave repeated during diplomat Zhou Daguan
's envoy journey. One of his description said:"The Chinese traveler frequently escape over the area ,yet having individual satisfactory community . In contrast, They exceptionally have participated in Cambodian society in purpose such as food supplies, mate, shelter, furniture and business . Centralize with the tradition and law of origin abandon gain less punishment, the free immigration had open for Chinese refugee to settle in Indochina
.
Trace to the fleeing Hoklo people
after the decline of Tang Dynasty
permanently from 8th century to following period in term of inner political crisis and foreign invaderism, it point out a roof that Hokkien
ancestry was the first dewalling Chinese in Cambodia
. It closely to the early of 15th century when Admiral Zheng He
(Cheng Ho), a Muslim Chinese, visited Champa
(Today Vietnam
) along with a number of Hokkien
people whose then grew into the different class such as Peranakan
in Malacca
and Java
as well as Cambodian Hokkien in Cambodia.
In 1884, Hainanese and Hokkien
descendants counted the most in Phnom Penh
commonly out of the half population were Chinese. During 1880s, Two researcher noticed the different recognition between the two class's broken relation in struggles and fights. As the result, Hokkien race basically expanded to the different place and fatefully assimilate extra thing with local costume over the other classes. In fact, the reason not only the movement in 1880s but given the consequence of Hokkien's least cultural identity, Political demand and heavy compersionable idea to lead their generation spread over around Cambodia
even the rural ones. Thus, have got a Cambodian Hokkien seemed not very Chinese or even not Chinese at all.
After the Khmer rouge, Cambodian-Hokkiens in distant area become less maintainable to their ancestry tradition and related themselves more to the term of Cambodian, set out begin call Hokkien while They lack elimination in Phnom Penh
, attributed to Teachow people surrounding the city.
and Cambodia
. Despite those culture development have excessive adoption to the various of Chinese class today, it reveals that this type before only accepted by Hokkien ancestry to envovled in their daily lives since their first reach to Cambodia
, left the rest classes to follow partially then.
Unlike Peranakan
who divided their fusion culture in isolatable section, All influence has merged in one for every kind. In case, Chinese tradition is responsible to male maintainer while the female embrace mostly in shape of Khmer.
became the massive typical skirt while Samloy
was the most promising around the young age in more strong colourful and engaging decoration. The Black colour with the front pleat back then accepted by the elders in 1930s.
In contrast, The used of Khmer costume was limit for Cambodian Hokkien such as Sabai
strictfully banned in all ethnic family in case of naked shoulder.
Otherwise, The male fashion focus the heavily ancestry heritage with its Changshan
and some development to Chinese pant which after became Seam Cowand shirt which then created Av Chen to fit the climate condition there.
The effect of Chinese has got to be the materials that induce the Vietnamese dark tone silk, called Prai Lahn (in Vietnamese called Lanh mean cool) which was finely woven, smooth and shiny, transparent the cloth . This type of slippery cloth was among cheaper which the average Hokkien and Cambodian possible to used. The Vietnamese light elegant silk cloth generally known as Prai Muy A (from the Vietnamese village Mỹ A in Tan Chau where it is produced) that was sooth, supple and somewhat thick. This type considered the highest quality as well as price they approraited to label the best for Cambodia Hokkien which mostly began richest and high status. In modern times, Vietnamese Prai Muy A preferred, perhaps tastes has changed and The costume less displayed for the next generations though. There were the addition of excessive type of Chinese or Vietnamese silk to be participated in making Av Bupock, Samloy or Pants.
During the late of French Colonial
, the numerous of European attire introduced, revise the remains in contemporary styles started from 1950s to present. This given the minor consequence of Cambodian Hokkien costume to rival, abandoned some of them to pure Cambodian
instead.
and local cuisine may be given by Khmer Hokkien which today is the typical cooking for the whole people in the country. While most Chinese descendants acquired a distaste for fish paste Prahok
due to its strong smell, Cambodian Hokkien cooks incorporated this spice as part of their meal's ingredient and familiar in eating it. One of their popular dishes known as the fried noodles which commonly place in Lunar New Year
's reunion dinner. Its physical appearance share straight with Hokkien Mee
which served in mostly Malaysia and Singapore
. As the two noodles used Prawn
and Fat yellow noodle (sometimes rice noodle and egg noodle), It is believed that Hokkien noodles in Cambodia
surely derived from ancestry cooking style
.
Hoklo people
The Hoklo people are Han Chinese people whose traditional Ancestral homes are in southern Fujian of South China...
Chinese
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
who settled in Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
since the earlier part of 12th century. It links specifically to the Chinese populations of Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....
ancestry for all of Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
and other neighbouring regions due to the immigration such as Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
, Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
and America
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
who have retain partially to the whole local customs to be consume into their official individual family's culture or with local community. The result of native culture emerge in domestic costume, initiative has only adopted by The Hokkien ethnic; paralleling to Peranakan
Peranakan
Peranakan Chinese and Baba-Nyonya are terms used for the descendants of late 15th and 16th-century Chinese immigrants to the Indonesian archipelago of Nusantara during the Colonial era....
in term of culture and identity of who is Chinese or mixed descent who do not speak Chinese yet remain ethnically and culturally Chinese.
Today, there is a slight decrease in originate culture among the significance number of all Chinese Cambodian
Chinese Cambodian
Chinese Cambodians are Cambodian citizens of Chinese descent. "Khmer-Chen", is used for peoples of either mixed Cambodian & Chinese descent or people of whom are Cambodian born citizens with Chinese ancestry;...
group. Begin a Hokkien descent obviously the most simply compromise with the local people since its rural past which sometimes resume to sufficience nationality depending on where they live, evidential for achieve a own term as Khmer for their pride to be full Cambodian and Hokkien for their preservation toward their ancestors' traditions.
History
Since the discovery of the earliest KingdomMonarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which the office of head of state is usually held until death or abdication and is often hereditary and includes a royal house. In some cases, the monarch is elected...
, Funan at 1st century AD, it been attracted a majority of Chinese
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
in Commercial relation which the transportation fulfilled by sea. There once the time when a group of Chinese had wept while were vaguely seeking the shelter in their first arrival in the area which named Poum Chen Yum literally means Crying Chinese Village. The legend demonstrated the evidence of Hokkien
Hoklo people
The Hoklo people are Han Chinese people whose traditional Ancestral homes are in southern Fujian of South China...
preceding over centuries. The wave repeated during diplomat Zhou Daguan
Zhou Daguan
Zhou Daguan was a Chinese diplomat under the Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan. He is most well known for his accounts of the customs of Cambodia and the Angkor temple complexes during his visit there. He arrived at Angkor in August 1296, and remained at the court of King Indravarman III...
's envoy journey. One of his description said:"The Chinese traveler frequently escape over the area ,yet having individual satisfactory community . In contrast, They exceptionally have participated in Cambodian society in purpose such as food supplies, mate, shelter, furniture and business . Centralize with the tradition and law of origin abandon gain less punishment, the free immigration had open for Chinese refugee to settle in Indochina
Indochina
The Indochinese peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French, Indochine, as a combination of the names of "China" and "India", and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory...
.
Trace to the fleeing Hoklo people
Hoklo people
The Hoklo people are Han Chinese people whose traditional Ancestral homes are in southern Fujian of South China...
after the decline of Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
permanently from 8th century to following period in term of inner political crisis and foreign invaderism, it point out a roof that Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....
ancestry was the first dewalling Chinese in Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
. It closely to the early of 15th century when Admiral Zheng He
Zheng He
Zheng He , also known as Ma Sanbao and Hajji Mahmud Shamsuddin was a Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, collectively referred to as the Voyages of Zheng He or Voyages of Cheng Ho from...
(Cheng Ho), a Muslim Chinese, visited Champa
Champa
The kingdom of Champa was an Indianized kingdom that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832.The Cham people are remnants...
(Today Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
) along with a number of Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....
people whose then grew into the different class such as Peranakan
Peranakan
Peranakan Chinese and Baba-Nyonya are terms used for the descendants of late 15th and 16th-century Chinese immigrants to the Indonesian archipelago of Nusantara during the Colonial era....
in Malacca
Malacca
Malacca , dubbed The Historic State or Negeri Bersejarah among locals) is the third smallest Malaysian state, after Perlis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, on the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and the state of Johor to the south...
and Java
Java
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
as well as Cambodian Hokkien in Cambodia.
In 1884, Hainanese and Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....
descendants counted the most in Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh is the capital and largest city of Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Phnom Penh has been the national capital since the French colonized Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's center of economic and industrial activities, as well as the center of security,...
commonly out of the half population were Chinese. During 1880s, Two researcher noticed the different recognition between the two class's broken relation in struggles and fights. As the result, Hokkien race basically expanded to the different place and fatefully assimilate extra thing with local costume over the other classes. In fact, the reason not only the movement in 1880s but given the consequence of Hokkien's least cultural identity, Political demand and heavy compersionable idea to lead their generation spread over around Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
even the rural ones. Thus, have got a Cambodian Hokkien seemed not very Chinese or even not Chinese at all.
After the Khmer rouge, Cambodian-Hokkiens in distant area become less maintainable to their ancestry tradition and related themselves more to the term of Cambodian, set out begin call Hokkien while They lack elimination in Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh is the capital and largest city of Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Phnom Penh has been the national capital since the French colonized Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's center of economic and industrial activities, as well as the center of security,...
, attributed to Teachow people surrounding the city.
Culture
Just like the term, Cambodian Hokkien provided the mixture culture between ChineseCulture of China
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest and most complex. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between towns, cities and provinces...
and Cambodia
Culture of Cambodia
The culture of Cambodia has had a rich and varied history dating back many centuries, and has been heavily influenced by India. Throughout Cambodia's long history, a major source of inspiration was from religion...
. Despite those culture development have excessive adoption to the various of Chinese class today, it reveals that this type before only accepted by Hokkien ancestry to envovled in their daily lives since their first reach to Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
, left the rest classes to follow partially then.
Unlike Peranakan
Peranakan
Peranakan Chinese and Baba-Nyonya are terms used for the descendants of late 15th and 16th-century Chinese immigrants to the Indonesian archipelago of Nusantara during the Colonial era....
who divided their fusion culture in isolatable section, All influence has merged in one for every kind. In case, Chinese tradition is responsible to male maintainer while the female embrace mostly in shape of Khmer.
Clothing
Costume of Cambodian Hokkien defines the inheritance of the two culture. The earliest female dress was identical to that of Khmer's; a knee length blouse called Av Bopock (tube-skirt) likely the most formal outfit for a old Cambodian Hokkien women to worn beside a white Chinese shirt and dragged a handkerchief on the shoulder or beneath the pocket. The married women regularly formed this costume in respects of wife, prior to singlehood when every young girl booasted to the long arm shirt in their home and flavoured with body-hugging called Av neang Nor in public area. A long dark tone or flower prints scarf was hang on their two shoulder. From young to old, Sampot Chang KbenSampot Chang Kben
Sampot chang kben is a lower-body, wrap around cloth worn in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. It is the preferred choice of clothing for women of upper and middle classes for daily wear. This practice of daily wear died out in the beginning of the 20th century. Unlike the typical...
became the massive typical skirt while Samloy
Sampot Samloy
Sampot Samloy is a tube garment wrap around the lower body, length to foot, worn by the large community in Cambodia.As an important style divided from traditional Sampot tied with ancient Chang Kben, The outfit was originally prefer by most of Khmer Women Until 16th century of Lovek era attracted...
was the most promising around the young age in more strong colourful and engaging decoration. The Black colour with the front pleat back then accepted by the elders in 1930s.
In contrast, The used of Khmer costume was limit for Cambodian Hokkien such as Sabai
Sabai
Sbai or Sabai shawl-like garment, or breast cloth worn in Mainland Southeast Asia. The term Sabai is used for a woman's silk breast wrapper in Cambodia, Central Thailand and Laos while in Coastal Sumatra it described as Shouldercloth...
strictfully banned in all ethnic family in case of naked shoulder.
Otherwise, The male fashion focus the heavily ancestry heritage with its Changshan
Changshan
In traditional Chinese dress, a changshan is the male equivalent of the women's cheongsam . It is also known as a changpao or dagua ....
and some development to Chinese pant which after became Seam Cowand shirt which then created Av Chen to fit the climate condition there.
The effect of Chinese has got to be the materials that induce the Vietnamese dark tone silk, called Prai Lahn (in Vietnamese called Lanh mean cool) which was finely woven, smooth and shiny, transparent the cloth . This type of slippery cloth was among cheaper which the average Hokkien and Cambodian possible to used. The Vietnamese light elegant silk cloth generally known as Prai Muy A (from the Vietnamese village Mỹ A in Tan Chau where it is produced) that was sooth, supple and somewhat thick. This type considered the highest quality as well as price they approraited to label the best for Cambodia Hokkien which mostly began richest and high status. In modern times, Vietnamese Prai Muy A preferred, perhaps tastes has changed and The costume less displayed for the next generations though. There were the addition of excessive type of Chinese or Vietnamese silk to be participated in making Av Bupock, Samloy or Pants.
During the late of French Colonial
Colonial Cambodia
In 1863, Cambodia under king Norodom became a protectorate of France. In October 1887, the French announced the formation of the Union Indochinoise , which at that time comprised Cambodia, already an autonomous French possession, and the three regions of Vietnam...
, the numerous of European attire introduced, revise the remains in contemporary styles started from 1950s to present. This given the minor consequence of Cambodian Hokkien costume to rival, abandoned some of them to pure Cambodian
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
instead.
Cuisine
The legacy of Chinese Stir-friedStir frying
Stir frying is an umbrella term used to describe two Chinese cooking techniques for preparing food in a wok: chǎo and bào . The term stir-fry was introduced into the English language by Buwei Yang Chao, in her book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, to describe the chǎo technique...
and local cuisine may be given by Khmer Hokkien which today is the typical cooking for the whole people in the country. While most Chinese descendants acquired a distaste for fish paste Prahok
Prahok
Prahok is a crushed, salted and fermented fish paste that is used in Cambodian cuisine as a seasoning or a condiment. It originated as a way of preserving fish during the longer months when fresh fish was not available in abundant supply...
due to its strong smell, Cambodian Hokkien cooks incorporated this spice as part of their meal's ingredient and familiar in eating it. One of their popular dishes known as the fried noodles which commonly place in Lunar New Year
Cambodian New Year
Cambodian New Year or Chaul Chnam Thmey in the Khmer language, literally "Enter Year New", is the name of the Cambodian holiday that celebrates the New Year. The holiday lasts for three days beginning on New Year's day, which usually falls on April 13 or 14th, which is the end of the harvesting...
's reunion dinner. Its physical appearance share straight with Hokkien Mee
Hokkien mee
Hokkien mee refers to fried noodles cooked in Hokkien style. Hokkien mee is served in many Southeast Asian countries and was brought there by immigrants from Fujian province in southeastern China.-Types:...
which served in mostly Malaysia and Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
. As the two noodles used Prawn
Prawn
Prawns are decapod crustaceans of the sub-order Dendrobranchiata. There are 540 extant species, in seven families, and a fossil record extending back to the Devonian...
and Fat yellow noodle (sometimes rice noodle and egg noodle), It is believed that Hokkien noodles in Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
surely derived from ancestry cooking style
Fujian cuisine
Fujian cuisine is one of the native Chinese cuisines derived from the native cooking style of the province of Fujian, China. Fujian style cuisine is known to be light but flavourful, soft, and tender, with particular emphasis on umami taste, known in Chinese cooking as "xiānwèi" , as well as...
.