C-jun
Encyclopedia
c-Jun is the name of a gene and protein that, in combination with c-Fos
, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor
. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39
and only later rediscovered as the product of the c-jun gene. It is activated through double phosphorylation by the JNK pathway but has also a phosphorylation-independent function. c-Jun knockout is lethal, but transgenic animals with a mutated c-Jun that cannot be phosphorylated (termed c-JunAA) can survive.
A recent study was carried out to evaluate the role of c-Jun in cellular proliferation and apoptosis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Results suggest that the cyclic change of the c-jun protein levels is significant in the proliferation and apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells. The persistent stromal expression of c-jun protein may prevent stromal cells from entering into apoptosis during the late secretory phase.
with Homeobox protein TGIF1
, ERG
, Retinoblastoma protein
, CREB binding protein
, Activating transcription factor 2
, Cofactor of BRCA1
, BRCA1
, C-Fos
, NFE2L1
, DDX21
, NFE2L2
, TATA binding protein
, RELA
, MAPK8
, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2
, RFWD2
, PIN1
, FOSL1
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
, ASCC3
, Transcription Factor II B
, CSNK2A2
, Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, STAT1
, BCL6
, BCL3
, Androgen receptor
, STAT3
, ETS2
, ATF3
, NACA
, COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5
, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
, RBM39
, Nuclear receptor coactivator 1
, MyoD
, RUNX2
and RUNX1
.
C-Fos
In the field of molecular biology and Genetics, c-Fos is a protein encoded by the FOS gene.-Structure and function:c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene belonging to the immediate early gene family of transcription factors. c-Fos has a leucine-zipper DNA binding domain, and a transactivation domain at...
, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...
. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39
P39
P39 or P-39 may refer to:* HMS P39, a United Kingdom Royal Navy submarine which saw service during the Second World War* P-39 Airacobra, an American fighter aircraft of World War II* Papyrus 39, a manuscript of the Gospel of John...
and only later rediscovered as the product of the c-jun gene. It is activated through double phosphorylation by the JNK pathway but has also a phosphorylation-independent function. c-Jun knockout is lethal, but transgenic animals with a mutated c-Jun that cannot be phosphorylated (termed c-JunAA) can survive.
A recent study was carried out to evaluate the role of c-Jun in cellular proliferation and apoptosis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Results suggest that the cyclic change of the c-jun protein levels is significant in the proliferation and apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells. The persistent stromal expression of c-jun protein may prevent stromal cells from entering into apoptosis during the late secretory phase.
Interactions
C-jun has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with Homeobox protein TGIF1
Homeobox protein TGIF1
Homeobox protein TGIF1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGIF1 gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and eight variants, encoding four distinct isoforms, are described.- Function :...
, ERG
ERG (gene)
Transcriptional regulator ERG is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERG gene . ERG is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors.- Function :...
, Retinoblastoma protein
Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in the majority types of cancer. One highly studied function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide...
, CREB binding protein
CREB binding protein
CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.The CREB protein carries out its function by activating transcription, where interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor...
, Activating transcription factor 2
Activating transcription factor 2
Activating transcription factor 2, also known as ATF2, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF2 gene.-Function:This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element , an octameric...
, Cofactor of BRCA1
Cofactor of BRCA1
Cofactor of BRCA1, also known as COBRA1, is a human gene that encodes NELF-B. NELF-B is a subunit of negative elongation factor , which also includes NELF-A , either NELF-C or NELF-D , and NELF-E...
, BRCA1
BRCA1
BRCA1 is a human caretaker gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, responsible for repairing DNA. The first evidence for the existence of the gene was provided by the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990...
, C-Fos
C-Fos
In the field of molecular biology and Genetics, c-Fos is a protein encoded by the FOS gene.-Structure and function:c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene belonging to the immediate early gene family of transcription factors. c-Fos has a leucine-zipper DNA binding domain, and a transactivation domain at...
, NFE2L1
NFE2L1
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L1 gene....
, DDX21
DDX21
Nucleolar RNA helicase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX21 gene.-Further reading:...
, NFE2L2
NFE2L2
Nuclear factor -like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or Nrf2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene. NFE2L2 induces the expression of various genes including those that encode for several antioxidant enzymes, and it may play a physiological role in the regulation of...
, TATA binding protein
TATA Binding Protein
The TATA-binding protein is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters...
, RELA
RELA
Transcription factor p65 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.-Interactions:RELA has been shown to interact with NFKBIB, ETHE1, NFKBIE, RFC1, TRIB3, CREB binding protein, Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Glucocorticoid receptor, MTPN, BRCA1, C-Fos, POU2F1, BTRC, TATA-binding...
, MAPK8
MAPK8
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK8 gene.-Interactions:MAPK8 has been shown to interact with SPIB, DUSP1, Activating transcription factor 2, SH3BP5, GSTP1, MAPK8IP1, MAP2K7, CRK, MAP2K4, DUSP22, Myc, MAP3K2, DUSP10, REL, MAPK8IP3, IRS1, MAP3K1 and...
, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2
Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2
The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor-interacting domains. In addition, NCOR2 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR2 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of target...
, RFWD2
RFWD2
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RFWD2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RFWD2 gene.-Further reading:...
, PIN1
PIN1
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIN1 gene.-Interactions:PIN1 has been shown to interact with CSNK2A2, Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, Wee1-like protein kinase, FOXO4, CDC25C, CDC27, MYT1, PLK1, MPHOSPH1, DAB2, P53, PKMYT1, C-jun,...
, FOSL1
FOSL1
Fos-related antigen 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL1 gene.-Interactions:FOSL1 has been shown to interact with USF1 and C-jun....
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 also known as SMAD family member 3 or SMAD3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD3 gene. SMAD3 is a member of the SMAD family of proteins.The human SMAD3 gene is located on chromosome 15...
, ASCC3
ASCC3
Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASCC3 gene.-Interactions:ASCC3 has been shown to interact with RELA, C-jun and Serum response factor.-Further reading:...
, Transcription Factor II B
Transcription Factor II B
Transcription factor II B is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. It is encoded by the gene....
, CSNK2A2
CSNK2A2
Casein kinase II subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK2A2 gene.-Interactions:CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with CSNK2B, FGF1, PTEN, RELA, ATF1, Nucleolin, CREB binding protein, Activating transcription factor 2, PIN1, C-jun and C-Fos.-Further reading:...
, Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, STAT1
STAT1
STAT1 is a member of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either type I, type II or type III interferons...
, BCL6
BCL6
B-cell lymphoma 6 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL6 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal POZ/BTB domain...
, BCL3
BCL3
B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL3 gene.This gene is a proto-oncogene candidate. It is identified by its translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell leukemia. The protein encoded by this gene contains seven ankyrin...
, Androgen receptor
Androgen receptor
The androgen receptor , also known as NR3C4 , is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus...
, STAT3
STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 also known as STAT3 is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT3 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family...
, ETS2
ETS2
Protein C-ets-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETS2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors.-Interactions:...
, ATF3
ATF3
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF3 gene.-Interactions:ATF3 has been shown to interact with JunD, C-jun, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and P53.- External links :...
, NACA
NACA (gene)
Nascent-polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide, also known as NACA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NACA gene.- Function :...
, COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5
COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5
COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5 , also known as COPS5 or Csn5, is a gene conserved from humans to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.-Interactions:...
, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDIT3 gene.-Interactions:DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 has been shown to interact with Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, JunD, RPS3A, ATF3, CEBPB, C-jun and C-Fos....
, RBM39
RBM39
RNA-binding protein 39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM39 gene.-Interactions:RBM39 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha, Estrogen receptor beta and C-jun.-Further reading:...
, Nuclear receptor coactivator 1
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1
The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity . NCOA1 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA1, in turn, acylates...
, MyoD
MyoD
MyoD is a protein with a key role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors . These bHLH transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. MRF family members include MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 .MyoD is one...
, RUNX2
Runx2
Runt-related transcription factor 2 also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX2 gene RUNX2 is a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation....
and RUNX1
RUNX1
Runt-related transcription factor 1 also known as acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein or core-binding factor subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX1 gene....
.