Cofactor of BRCA1, also known as COBRA1, is a human gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

 that encodes NELF-B. NELF-B is a subunit of negative elongation factor (NELF)

Negative elongation factor

NELF is a four subunit protein that affects transcription by RNA polymerase II. Subunit NELF-E is also known as RDBP. The NELF-A subunit is encoded by the gene WHSC2, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 2...

, which also includes NELF-A (WHSC2

WHSC2

Negative elongation factor A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WHSC2 gene.-Further reading:...

; MIM 606026), either NELF-C or NELF-D (TH1L; MIM 605297), and NELF-E (RDBP

RDBP

Negative elongation factor E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDBP gene.-Interactions:RDBP has been shown to interact with TH1L, WHSC2 and Cofactor of BRCA1.-External links:...

; MIM 154040). NELF acts with DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF

DSIF

DSIF is a factor that can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase II . In one case of negative regulation, it can interact with NELF to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes. This stalling is released by P-TEFb. In humans, DSIF is composed of hSPT4 and...

), a heterodimer of SPT4 (SUPT4H1; MIM 603555) and SPT5 (SUPT5H; MIM 602102), to cause transcriptional pausing of RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II is an enzyme found in eukaryotic cells. It catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors of mRNA and most snRNA and microRNA. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase...

 (see MIM 180660). COBRA1 was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen using the BRCT1 domain of BRCA1

BRCA1

BRCA1 is a human caretaker gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, responsible for repairing DNA. The first evidence for the existence of the gene was provided by the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990...

 as bait.

Interactions

Cofactor of BRCA1 has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with Estrogen receptor alpha

Estrogen receptor alpha

Estrogen receptor alpha , also known as NR3A1 , is a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen...

, TH1L

TH1L

Negative elongation factor C/D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TH1L gene.-Interactions:TH1L has been shown to interact with RDBP, ARAF and Cofactor of BRCA1.-Further reading:...

, RDBP

RDBP

Negative elongation factor E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDBP gene.-Interactions:RDBP has been shown to interact with TH1L, WHSC2 and Cofactor of BRCA1.-External links:...

, C-jun

C-jun

c-Jun is the name of a gene and protein that, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the c-jun gene. It is activated through double phosphorylation by the...

, BRCA1

BRCA1

BRCA1 is a human caretaker gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, responsible for repairing DNA. The first evidence for the existence of the gene was provided by the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990...

 and C-Fos

C-Fos

In the field of molecular biology and Genetics, c-Fos is a protein encoded by the FOS gene.-Structure and function:c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene belonging to the immediate early gene family of transcription factors. c-Fos has a leucine-zipper DNA binding domain, and a transactivation domain at...

.

Further reading