Bernardino de Rebolledo
Encyclopedia
Bernardino de Rebolledo y Villamizar, was a Spanish
poet, soldier and diplomat (León
, baptized May 31, 1597 - Madrid
, March 27, 1676), and one of the most original poets, of the 17th century in Spain. He was a descendent from 1st Count of Rebolledo, don Rodrigo, a brave warrior against Islam who received his surname and title from the king of Asturias and León don Ramiro I in 815 during Reconquista
.
, the Mediterranean and Flanders
. Besides his military commitments, he was a diplomat (he served as ambassador in Denmark
from 1648 to 1661). Fighting for the Habsburg
side, Rebolledo played a prominent role in the Thirty Years War.
During the Thirty Years War, Rebolledo was commander in chief for a Spanish army division and defeated the Swedish army at Frankenthal. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III
appointed him Governor of Westphalia and gave him the German noble title Gref av Westphalia länder. De Rebolledo was one of Spanish negotiators of Westphalian Peace Treaty
, 1643-48. In 1647 he was appointed Spanish ambassador for Northeastern Europe, Denmark and Poland, with responsibility to keep an eye on Sweden. Pope Pius IV
appointed him as his secret representative for Northern Europe with the mission to reconstruct the Catholic Church in Denmark and Sweden, which he did it. He became close friend with members of Denmark royal house who invited him to live in one of the royal family castles. He converted duke af Luneborg to Catholicism. The Danish crown honored him with several portraits, now in Danish national museum and at castles. During the Seven Years Scandinavian war, he served as artillery commander at Danish army. Rebolledo received from Denmark the mission to negotiate with Sweden a Peace treaty to finish the war. He appointed his nephew Antonio Pimentel de Prado
as Spanish ambassador to Sweden, who succeeded to build up a confident relation with Queen Christina of Sweden
, who did not want to marry, but wanted to abdicate and become a catholic. Christina was the granddaughter of Gustav Vasa, the same who started Lutheran reform against the Catholic Church in Sweden and part of Denmark. Pimentel and others aimed to convert the Swedish Queen Christina, who created in his honour the Amarant Order, a noble cultural organization still existing. Rebolledo succeeded, helping her to escape from Stockholm in a man disguise to Lübeck, were his Jewish-Spanish friend Moshe Texeira succeeded hiding Christina.
As a poet, he shows a personal tone, due to his military and diplomatic obligations, out of Spain
and its literary tendencies.
He wrote, too, Selvas dánicas, (Copenhagen
, Pedro Morsingio, 1655), a poetical genealogy of the Royal House of Denmark, and dedicated to Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg; Selva militar y política, (Cologne
, Antonio Kinchio, 1652), dedicated to King of the Romans
Ferdinand IV of Germany; La constancia victoriosa, égloga sacra, (Cologne
, Antonio Kinchio, 1655), which is a translation of the Book of Job
, and is dedicated to Queen Christina of Sweden
, etc.
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
poet, soldier and diplomat (León
León, Spain
León is the capital of the province of León in the autonomous community of Castile and León, situated in the northwest of Spain. Its city population of 136,985 makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for more than one quarter of the province's population...
, baptized May 31, 1597 - Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, March 27, 1676), and one of the most original poets, of the 17th century in Spain. He was a descendent from 1st Count of Rebolledo, don Rodrigo, a brave warrior against Islam who received his surname and title from the king of Asturias and León don Ramiro I in 815 during Reconquista
Reconquista
The Reconquista was a period of almost 800 years in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus...
.
Biography
A distinguished soldier, he fought in ItalyItaly
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, the Mediterranean and Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
. Besides his military commitments, he was a diplomat (he served as ambassador in Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
from 1648 to 1661). Fighting for the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
side, Rebolledo played a prominent role in the Thirty Years War.
During the Thirty Years War, Rebolledo was commander in chief for a Spanish army division and defeated the Swedish army at Frankenthal. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria.-Life:...
appointed him Governor of Westphalia and gave him the German noble title Gref av Westphalia länder. De Rebolledo was one of Spanish negotiators of Westphalian Peace Treaty
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the...
, 1643-48. In 1647 he was appointed Spanish ambassador for Northeastern Europe, Denmark and Poland, with responsibility to keep an eye on Sweden. Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent.-Biography:...
appointed him as his secret representative for Northern Europe with the mission to reconstruct the Catholic Church in Denmark and Sweden, which he did it. He became close friend with members of Denmark royal house who invited him to live in one of the royal family castles. He converted duke af Luneborg to Catholicism. The Danish crown honored him with several portraits, now in Danish national museum and at castles. During the Seven Years Scandinavian war, he served as artillery commander at Danish army. Rebolledo received from Denmark the mission to negotiate with Sweden a Peace treaty to finish the war. He appointed his nephew Antonio Pimentel de Prado
Antonio Pimentel de Prado
Antonio Pimentel de Prado y lo Bianco,was a Spanish officer, a governor of Nieuwpoort , ambassador in Stockholm , knight of Santiago , Plenipotentiary in Paris , governor of Cadiz , councel of war and commander of the army in Antwerp .-Life:His father, Lorenzo Pimentel de Prado served...
as Spanish ambassador to Sweden, who succeeded to build up a confident relation with Queen Christina of Sweden
Christina of Sweden
Christina , later adopted the name Christina Alexandra, was Queen regnant of Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Grand Princess of Finland, and Duchess of Ingria, Estonia, Livonia and Karelia, from 1633 to 1654. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora...
, who did not want to marry, but wanted to abdicate and become a catholic. Christina was the granddaughter of Gustav Vasa, the same who started Lutheran reform against the Catholic Church in Sweden and part of Denmark. Pimentel and others aimed to convert the Swedish Queen Christina, who created in his honour the Amarant Order, a noble cultural organization still existing. Rebolledo succeeded, helping her to escape from Stockholm in a man disguise to Lübeck, were his Jewish-Spanish friend Moshe Texeira succeeded hiding Christina.
As a poet, he shows a personal tone, due to his military and diplomatic obligations, out of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and its literary tendencies.
Descendents from Count house de Rebolledo
- From Aragon, Spain lineage from Marquis of Zaragoza don Antonio de Rebolledo y Palafox.
- From Spanish-American lineage, Mexico lineage, Marquis de Rebolledo y Mendoza.
- From English lineage, Royal navy commander William de Rebolledo.
- From South American Spanish lineage admiral Juan William de Rebolledo and painter Benito de Rebolledo Correa.
- From United States lineage, Republican politician Nancy de Rebolledo.
- From Spain-Chile writer and Swedish politician Carlos Medina de Rebolledo.
Ancient editions
- Antwerpen, Officina Plantiniana, 1650.
- Antwerpen, Officina Plantiniana, 1660.
- MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, Antonio de Sancha, 1778.
Modern edition
- Edición crítica de los Ocios del Conde de Rebolledo, por Rafael González Cañal, Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 1997. ISBN 978-84-894-9253-0.
He wrote, too, Selvas dánicas, (Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
, Pedro Morsingio, 1655), a poetical genealogy of the Royal House of Denmark, and dedicated to Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg; Selva militar y política, (Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
, Antonio Kinchio, 1652), dedicated to King of the Romans
King of the Romans
King of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
Ferdinand IV of Germany; La constancia victoriosa, égloga sacra, (Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
, Antonio Kinchio, 1655), which is a translation of the Book of Job
Book of Job
The Book of Job , commonly referred to simply as Job, is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible. It relates the story of Job, his trials at the hands of Satan, his discussions with friends on the origins and nature of his suffering, his challenge to God, and finally a response from God. The book is a...
, and is dedicated to Queen Christina of Sweden
Christina of Sweden
Christina , later adopted the name Christina Alexandra, was Queen regnant of Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Grand Princess of Finland, and Duchess of Ingria, Estonia, Livonia and Karelia, from 1633 to 1654. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora...
, etc.