Aqua-lung
Encyclopedia
Aqua-Lung was the original name of the first open-circuit free-swimming underwater breathing set in reaching worldwide popularity and commercial success. Nowadays simply known under the names of regulator
or demand valve the Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the 1942-1943 winter by two Frenchmen: the engineer
Émile Gagnan
and the lieutenant de vaisseau (Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant
) Jacques-Yves Cousteau.
, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide
company. Gagnan miniaturized and adapted it to gas generator
s in response to a fuel shortage, consequence of the German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative the Gagnan's regulator was adapted to diving and the new Cousteau-Gagnan patent was registered some weeks later in 1943. After the war, in 1946, both men founded La Spirotechnique (as a division of Air Liquide
) in order to mass-produce and sell their invention, this time under a new 1945 patent, known as CG45 ("C" for Cousteau, "G" for Gagnan and "45" for 1945). This same CG45 regulator, produced for more than ten years and commercialized in France as of 1946, was the first to be called the "Aqua-Lung". In France the terms scaphandre autonome ('scuba set'), scaphandre Cousteau-Gagnan ('Cousteau-Gagnan scuba set') or CG45 were meaningful enough for commercialization, but to sell his invention in English-speaking countries Cousteau needed an appealing name following the English language standards. He then just coined the trade name Aqua-Lung.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s La Spirotechnique started exporting the Aqua-Lung or letting its patent to foreigner companies (like the British Siebe Gorman
), obtaining a great success. The Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus didn't achieve the same success because the compressed-air tanks made with the technology of its time could only hold 30 atmospheres
, allowing dives of only 30 minutes at no more than ten metres deep. Before 1945 French divers prefered then their traditional helmets
and diving dresses
. When the Aqua-Lung started to be commercialized, divers around the world found a scuba device smaller and easier to carry than its precursor, which in fact was almost completely unknown outside of France. In addition, and most important, the Aqua-Lung could be mounted on stronger and reliable air-compressed tanks, holding 200 atmospheres and allowing to extend duration of the dives more than an hour in significant depths, including the needed time for decompression stops.
The first Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lungs, like the CG45 (1945) or the Mistral (1955) were mainly twin-hose open-circuit scuba, and since then made by various manufacturers with varying design details and number of cylinders. Like modern single-hose regulators do nowadays consist, they consisted of one or more high pressure diving cylinder
s and a diving regulator
(the Aqua-Lung) that supplied the diver with breathing gas
at ambient pressure
, via a demand valve. For more than ten years, as it can be seen in the films Épaves (Shipwrecks, 1943) and Le Monde du silence (The Silent World
, 1956) the main scuba set equipement used by Cousteau and his divers was an Aqua-Lung mounted on three diving cylinders, one of them beeing used as a safe air reserve.
The original "Aqua-Lung" was an "open-circuit" design, so called because gas flows from the cylinder, to the diver, out into the water. Other scuba gear, invented earlier than the "Aqua-Lung", are now termed "closed circuit" or "rebreather
", as gas flows from the cylinder, to the diver, through a scrubber (which removes carbon dioxide), back to a secondary bag, and back to the diver again, in a relatively closed loop; this design is commonly called a rebreather, and its old pure-oxygen form is regarded as archaic and risky when used underwater.
The Aqua-Lung was not the first, but it was the most popular. In 1934 René Commeinhes developed a firefighter
's breathing apparatus that was adapted by his son Georges to diving in 1937 and used by the French Navy, even if only during the few first years of World War II. The twin-hose Aqua-Lung, also known as a double hose, is the same type of regulator used today, based on the diaphragm technology, the only difference between both modern single hose and former twin-hose regulators being the separation of the reducing pressure process into two different steps. Modern single hose regulators derive then from the design of Australian Ted Eldred
, who developed the Porpoise scuba in Melbourne in 1949, commonly called the single hose scuba. The modern version was first known as a mouthpiece regulator, as it separates the reduction valve on the tank with a mouth piece demand valve. The two are linked by a low pressure hose.
, "tadpole" was a nickname for a type of diving gear that had two meanings:
s for SCUBA-diving breathing equipment. That trade name is owned in the United States by the firm formerly known as U.S. Divers. The term was in use before the trade mark was registered by Rene Bussoz. Rene owned a sporting goods store called Rene Sports in Los Angeles. He obtained a contract with the French firm L'Air Liquide to import the new scuba into the USA for sale on the west coast. SPACO had the contract for the east coast. He changed the name of his company to US Divers and registered the name Aqua-Lung. This turned out to be a wise move because when the French company decided not to renew his 5 year contract, no one had of heard of their product, but everyone was familiar with the names he had registered. He sold the company and the trade names for a handsome profit and returned to France. The name US Divers sounded very official and very American, but it was owned by a Frenchman and sold to French company.
L'Air Liquide
held the patent on the original "Aqualung" also written as Aqua-Lung or Aqua Lung, until the patent expired some time around 1960–63. The term "aqualung" as far as is known first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
's first book, The Silent World in 1953. Public interest in scuba diving began around 1953, in response to a National Geographical Society Magazine article in English-speaking counties, and in France a movie, and perhaps The Silent World. As with some other registered trademark
s, the term "aqualung" became a genericized trademark
in English-speaking countries, as a result of much use by the public and in publications including in the BSAC
's official diving manuals. Presumably lawyers for Cousteau or Air Liquide
could have slowed or stopped this genericization by taking prompt action, but this seems not to have been done in Britain, where Siebe Gorman
had the British rights to the trade name and the patent.
In the United States
the term Aqualung was popularized by the popular television series Sea Hunt
(1958), which never said that an aqualung could be called anything else or could be made by anyone else, but the company that supplied the fearless Mike Nelson. Voit provided most of the diving equipment used in the series, but actual Aqua-Lungs appeared in the early episodes. Aqualungs and the word "aqualung" were also popularized in English-speaking countries by a 1953 National Geographic Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. The word "aqualung" was commonly used in speech and in publications (including the British Sub-Aqua Club's official diving manual) as a term for divers' open-circuit demand-valve-controlled breathing apparatus (even after Air Liquide's patent expired and other manufacturers started making identical equipment), and occasionally also for rebreather
s, and in figurative uses such as "the water spider's aqualung of air bubbles". The word entered the Russian language
as the generic noun акваланг ("akvalang").
In the United States, U.S. Divers managed to keep "Aqualung" as a trademark, and the acronym "SCUBA" ("Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus", originating in the United States Navy
, where it meant a frogman
's rebreather) became the generic term for that type of open-circuit breathing set, and soon the acronym SCUBA became a noun — "scuba
" — all in lower-case. "Scuba" was a trademark for a time, used by Healthways
, now known as Scubapro, one of U.S. Divers' competitors.
In Britain Siebe Gorman
(who held the rights to the tradename "Aqualung") made no serious attempt to control use of the word, and "aqualung" remained the common public generic word for that sort of scuba set, including in the British Sub-Aqua Club's official publications, for many years.
Presumably, anyone who uses "aqualung" generically now can expect a polite but firm "cease and desist" letter from a law firm representing U.S. Divers.
Aqua Lung America
now makes rebreathers whose tradenames or catalog descriptions include the word "Aqualung".
song Aqualung
and the album of the same name were named after the apparatus. Also, English singer-songwriter Matthew Hales uses the stage name
Aqualung
.
Diving regulator
A diving regulator is a pressure regulator used in scuba or surface supplied diving equipment that reduces pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and delivers it to the diver. The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases...
or demand valve the Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the 1942-1943 winter by two Frenchmen: the engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
Émile Gagnan
Emile Gagnan
Émile Gagnan was a French engineer and co-inventor of the diving regulator used for the first Scuba equipment in 1943...
and the lieutenant de vaisseau (Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant
Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant
Ship-of-the-line lieutenant is a common naval rank, equivalent to the naval rank of Lieutenant in the UK, Commonwealth and US.The name of the rank derives from the name of the largest class of warship, the ship of the line, as opposed to smaller types of warship .The rank is lieutenant de vaisseau...
) Jacques-Yves Cousteau.
Invention and patent
A previous regulator was invented in France in 1860 by Benoît Rouquayrol, the régulateur. First conceived as a flooded mines escape set the Rouquayrol regulator was adapted to diving in 1864 when Rouquayrol met the lieutenant de vaisseau Auguste Denayrouze. The Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus started mass-production and commercialization as of August the 28th, 1865 when the French Navy Minister ordered the first apparati. After 1884 several companies and entrepreneurs bought or inherited the patent and produced it until 1965. In 1942, during German occupation, the patent was held by the Bernard Piel Company (Établissements Bernard Piel). One of the Bernard Piel Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparati went to Émile GagnanEmile Gagnan
Émile Gagnan was a French engineer and co-inventor of the diving regulator used for the first Scuba equipment in 1943...
, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide
Air Liquide
L'Air Liquide S.A., or Air Liquide , is a major French company supplying industrial gases and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers. Founded in 1902, it is first in the world market in its field, now operating in over 80 countries. It is...
company. Gagnan miniaturized and adapted it to gas generator
Gas generator
A gas generator usually refers to a device, often similar to a solid rocket or a liquid rocket that burns to produce large volumes of relatively cool gas, instead of maximizing the temperature and specific impulse. The low temperature allows the gas to be put to use more easily in many...
s in response to a fuel shortage, consequence of the German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative the Gagnan's regulator was adapted to diving and the new Cousteau-Gagnan patent was registered some weeks later in 1943. After the war, in 1946, both men founded La Spirotechnique (as a division of Air Liquide
Air Liquide
L'Air Liquide S.A., or Air Liquide , is a major French company supplying industrial gases and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers. Founded in 1902, it is first in the world market in its field, now operating in over 80 countries. It is...
) in order to mass-produce and sell their invention, this time under a new 1945 patent, known as CG45 ("C" for Cousteau, "G" for Gagnan and "45" for 1945). This same CG45 regulator, produced for more than ten years and commercialized in France as of 1946, was the first to be called the "Aqua-Lung". In France the terms scaphandre autonome ('scuba set'), scaphandre Cousteau-Gagnan ('Cousteau-Gagnan scuba set') or CG45 were meaningful enough for commercialization, but to sell his invention in English-speaking countries Cousteau needed an appealing name following the English language standards. He then just coined the trade name Aqua-Lung.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s La Spirotechnique started exporting the Aqua-Lung or letting its patent to foreigner companies (like the British Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd was a British company which developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and marine salvage projects...
), obtaining a great success. The Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus didn't achieve the same success because the compressed-air tanks made with the technology of its time could only hold 30 atmospheres
Atmosphere (unit)
The standard atmosphere is an international reference pressure defined as 101325 Pa and formerly used as unit of pressure. For practical purposes it has been replaced by the bar which is 105 Pa...
, allowing dives of only 30 minutes at no more than ten metres deep. Before 1945 French divers prefered then their traditional helmets
Diving helmet
Diving helmets are worn mainly by professional divers engaged in surface supplied diving, though many models can be adapted for use with scuba equipment....
and diving dresses
Standard diving dress
A standard diving dress consists of a metallic diving helmet, an airline or hose from a surface supplied diving air pump, a canvas diving suit, diving knife and boots...
. When the Aqua-Lung started to be commercialized, divers around the world found a scuba device smaller and easier to carry than its precursor, which in fact was almost completely unknown outside of France. In addition, and most important, the Aqua-Lung could be mounted on stronger and reliable air-compressed tanks, holding 200 atmospheres and allowing to extend duration of the dives more than an hour in significant depths, including the needed time for decompression stops.
The first Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lungs, like the CG45 (1945) or the Mistral (1955) were mainly twin-hose open-circuit scuba, and since then made by various manufacturers with varying design details and number of cylinders. Like modern single-hose regulators do nowadays consist, they consisted of one or more high pressure diving cylinder
Diving cylinder
A diving cylinder, scuba tank or diving tank is a gas cylinder used to store and transport high pressure breathing gas as a component of a scuba set. It provides gas to the scuba diver through the demand valve of a diving regulator....
s and a diving regulator
Diving regulator
A diving regulator is a pressure regulator used in scuba or surface supplied diving equipment that reduces pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and delivers it to the diver. The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases...
(the Aqua-Lung) that supplied the diver with breathing gas
Breathing gas
Breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration.Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas...
at ambient pressure
Pressure
Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.- Definition :...
, via a demand valve. For more than ten years, as it can be seen in the films Épaves (Shipwrecks, 1943) and Le Monde du silence (The Silent World
The Silent World
The Silent World is a 1956 French documentary film co-directed by the famed French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau and a young Louis Malle. The Silent World is noted as one of the first films to use underwater cinematography to show the ocean depths in color...
, 1956) the main scuba set equipement used by Cousteau and his divers was an Aqua-Lung mounted on three diving cylinders, one of them beeing used as a safe air reserve.
Open/closed circuit
Rebreather
A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycled exhaled gas. This recycling reduces the volume of breathing gas used, making a rebreather lighter and more compact than an open-circuit breathing set for the same duration in environments where...
", as gas flows from the cylinder, to the diver, through a scrubber (which removes carbon dioxide), back to a secondary bag, and back to the diver again, in a relatively closed loop; this design is commonly called a rebreather, and its old pure-oxygen form is regarded as archaic and risky when used underwater.
The Aqua-Lung was not the first, but it was the most popular. In 1934 René Commeinhes developed a firefighter
Firefighter
Firefighters are rescuers extensively trained primarily to put out hazardous fires that threaten civilian populations and property, to rescue people from car incidents, collapsed and burning buildings and other such situations...
's breathing apparatus that was adapted by his son Georges to diving in 1937 and used by the French Navy, even if only during the few first years of World War II. The twin-hose Aqua-Lung, also known as a double hose, is the same type of regulator used today, based on the diaphragm technology, the only difference between both modern single hose and former twin-hose regulators being the separation of the reducing pressure process into two different steps. Modern single hose regulators derive then from the design of Australian Ted Eldred
Ted Eldred
Edward Francis Eldred was a pioneer of scuba diving in Australia. He invented the Porpoise .-Early years:...
, who developed the Porpoise scuba in Melbourne in 1949, commonly called the single hose scuba. The modern version was first known as a mouthpiece regulator, as it separates the reduction valve on the tank with a mouth piece demand valve. The two are linked by a low pressure hose.
"Tadpoles"
In the early years of scuba diving in BritainUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, "tadpole" was a nickname for a type of diving gear that had two meanings:
- A type of ex-RAF pilot's oxygen cylinder with a tapering end, which was often used as an aqualung cylinder in the 1960s and earlier.
- An early make of Siebe GormanSiebe GormanSiebe Gorman & Company Ltd was a British company which developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and marine salvage projects...
aqualung with a twin-hose regulator and two air cylinders, with both ends hemispherical, 13 inches long and 7 inches in diameter. Siebe Gorman's trade catalog describing this set showed two sorts of diver wearing this set, both with weighted boots, and no mention of free-swimming. A 1950s Royal Navy diving manual also said that the aqualung was (only) for bottom-walking diving. Siebe Gorman had no idea then of sport diving, or was against sport diving, but expected aqualungs to be used for light commercial divingCommercial DivingProfessional diving is a type of diving where the divers are paid for their work. There are several branches of professional diving, the most well known of which is probably commercial diving...
. Later, as is well known, most divers were free-swimming scuba divers; bottom-walkers became a tiny minority.
Trademark issues
Aqualung, Aqua-Lung, and Aqua Lung are registered trademarkTrademark
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or...
s for SCUBA-diving breathing equipment. That trade name is owned in the United States by the firm formerly known as U.S. Divers. The term was in use before the trade mark was registered by Rene Bussoz. Rene owned a sporting goods store called Rene Sports in Los Angeles. He obtained a contract with the French firm L'Air Liquide to import the new scuba into the USA for sale on the west coast. SPACO had the contract for the east coast. He changed the name of his company to US Divers and registered the name Aqua-Lung. This turned out to be a wise move because when the French company decided not to renew his 5 year contract, no one had of heard of their product, but everyone was familiar with the names he had registered. He sold the company and the trade names for a handsome profit and returned to France. The name US Divers sounded very official and very American, but it was owned by a Frenchman and sold to French company.
L'Air Liquide
Air Liquide
L'Air Liquide S.A., or Air Liquide , is a major French company supplying industrial gases and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers. Founded in 1902, it is first in the world market in its field, now operating in over 80 countries. It is...
held the patent on the original "Aqualung" also written as Aqua-Lung or Aqua Lung, until the patent expired some time around 1960–63. The term "aqualung" as far as is known first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau was a French naval officer, explorer, ecologist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water...
's first book, The Silent World in 1953. Public interest in scuba diving began around 1953, in response to a National Geographical Society Magazine article in English-speaking counties, and in France a movie, and perhaps The Silent World. As with some other registered trademark
Trademark
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or...
s, the term "aqualung" became a genericized trademark
Genericized trademark
A genericized trademark is a trademark or brand name that has become the colloquial or generic description for, or synonymous with, a general class of product or service, rather than as an indicator of source or affiliation as intended by the trademark's holder...
in English-speaking countries, as a result of much use by the public and in publications including in the BSAC
BSAC
BSAC can stand for:*Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center*Bit Sliced Arithmetic Coding, audio coding from MPEG-4 Part 3*British South Africa Company*British Sub-Aqua Club*British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy*Black Swamp Area Council...
's official diving manuals. Presumably lawyers for Cousteau or Air Liquide
Air Liquide
L'Air Liquide S.A., or Air Liquide , is a major French company supplying industrial gases and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers. Founded in 1902, it is first in the world market in its field, now operating in over 80 countries. It is...
could have slowed or stopped this genericization by taking prompt action, but this seems not to have been done in Britain, where Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd was a British company which developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and marine salvage projects...
had the British rights to the trade name and the patent.
In the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
the term Aqualung was popularized by the popular television series Sea Hunt
Sea Hunt
Sea Hunt was an American adventure television series that was aired in syndication by Ziv Television Programs from 1958 to 1961 and was popular in syndication for decades afterwards. The series originally aired for four seasons, with 155 episodes produced...
(1958), which never said that an aqualung could be called anything else or could be made by anyone else, but the company that supplied the fearless Mike Nelson. Voit provided most of the diving equipment used in the series, but actual Aqua-Lungs appeared in the early episodes. Aqualungs and the word "aqualung" were also popularized in English-speaking countries by a 1953 National Geographic Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. The word "aqualung" was commonly used in speech and in publications (including the British Sub-Aqua Club's official diving manual) as a term for divers' open-circuit demand-valve-controlled breathing apparatus (even after Air Liquide's patent expired and other manufacturers started making identical equipment), and occasionally also for rebreather
Rebreather
A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycled exhaled gas. This recycling reduces the volume of breathing gas used, making a rebreather lighter and more compact than an open-circuit breathing set for the same duration in environments where...
s, and in figurative uses such as "the water spider's aqualung of air bubbles". The word entered the Russian language
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
as the generic noun акваланг ("akvalang").
In the United States, U.S. Divers managed to keep "Aqualung" as a trademark, and the acronym "SCUBA" ("Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus", originating in the United States Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
, where it meant a frogman
Frogman
A frogman is someone who is trained to scuba diving or swim underwater in a military capacity which can include combat. Such personnel are also known by the more formal names of combat diver or combatant diver or combat swimmer....
's rebreather) became the generic term for that type of open-circuit breathing set, and soon the acronym SCUBA became a noun — "scuba
Scuba set
A scuba set is an independent breathing set that provides a scuba diver with the breathing gas necessary to breathe underwater during scuba diving. It is much used for sport diving and some sorts of work diving....
" — all in lower-case. "Scuba" was a trademark for a time, used by Healthways
Healthways (scuba gear company)
Healthways was a firm founded by Dick Klein which made scuba gear. It went bankrupt in 1963; its successor company is Scubapro. It was one of the five original USA diving gear makers: U.S...
, now known as Scubapro, one of U.S. Divers' competitors.
In Britain Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman
Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd was a British company which developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and marine salvage projects...
(who held the rights to the tradename "Aqualung") made no serious attempt to control use of the word, and "aqualung" remained the common public generic word for that sort of scuba set, including in the British Sub-Aqua Club's official publications, for many years.
Presumably, anyone who uses "aqualung" generically now can expect a polite but firm "cease and desist" letter from a law firm representing U.S. Divers.
Aqua Lung America
Aqua Lung America
Aqua Lung America is a Vista, California US firm which makes scuba equipment. Aqua Lung America is a division of Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique which is on its turn a division of the French company Air Liquide.-History:...
now makes rebreathers whose tradenames or catalog descriptions include the word "Aqualung".
Popular culture
The classic Jethro TullJethro Tull (band)
Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967. Their music is characterised by the vocals, acoustic guitar, and flute playing of Ian Anderson, who has led the band since its founding, and the guitar work of Martin Barre, who has been with the band since 1969.Initially playing blues rock with...
song Aqualung
Aqualung (song)
"Aqualung" is a song by the English progressive rock band Jethro Tull, and the title track from their Aqualung album. The song was written by the band's frontman, Ian Anderson, and his then-wife Jennie Franks....
and the album of the same name were named after the apparatus. Also, English singer-songwriter Matthew Hales uses the stage name
Stage name
A stage name, also called a showbiz name or screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors, wrestlers, comedians, and musicians.-Motivation to use a stage name:...
Aqualung
Aqualung (musician)
Matthew "Matt" Hales , better known as Aqualung, is an English singer and songwriter best known in the UK for his song "Strange and Beautiful", which was featured on a television advertisement for the new Volkswagen New Beetle during the summer of 2002 and went on to become a Top 10 hit in the UK...
.
See also
- Timeline of underwater technology, The diving regulator reappears for details of the development of a similar regulator, not related to the Aqua-Lung.
- Timeline of underwater technology, World War II for details of the development of the Aqua-Lung
- Scuba setScuba setA scuba set is an independent breathing set that provides a scuba diver with the breathing gas necessary to breathe underwater during scuba diving. It is much used for sport diving and some sorts of work diving....
s for description of modern breathing sets. - Frogman, Mistakes in fiction for common mistakes in depicting scuba gear.
External links
- Aqua Lung manufacturers site (English, French, German, Italian, Czech, and Japanese language versions available)
- Aqua Lung (Also known as "Mistral Regulator" because of a particular model from 1955. The original Aqua-Lung was the CG45 model from 1945)
- http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3899236907367885306&hl=enTwo Jacques Cousteau Aqua-Lungs are shown in this 1950s video recorded on the island of MauiMauiThe island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
.]