American Association of University Professors
Encyclopedia
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) is an organization
of professors and other academics in the United States
. AAUP membership is about 47,000, with over 500 local campus chapters and 39 state organizations. The AAUP's stated mission is to advance academic freedom
and shared governance, to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education
, and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common good
. Founded in 1915 by Arthur O. Lovejoy
and John Dewey
, the AAUP has helped to shape American higher education by developing the standards and procedures that maintain quality in education and academic freedom in the country's college
s and universities. Cary Nelson
is the current president.
Among the events that led to its founding was the dismissal of eugenicist
, economics professor and sociologist Edward Alsworth Ross from Stanford University
. Ross investigated the problems of immigrant workers, including the Chinese who worked for Southern Pacific
, the railroad run by Stanford's founder Leland Stanford
. Leland's widow Jane Stanford
intervened and, over the objections of the president and the faculty, succeeded in getting Ross dismissed.
and tenure
, the association maintains that there “are still people who want to control what professors teach and write.” The AAUP's
"Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" is the definitive articulation of these principles and practices, and is widely accepted throughout the academic community. The association's procedures ensuring academic due process remain the model for professional employment practices on campuses throughout the country.
The association suggests that "The principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure" date back to a 1925 conference. R.M. O'Neil's history suggests that the formal origins of the statement of academic freedom in the United States begins with an earlier 1915 “declaration of principles,” when the “fledgling” AAUP first convened. While it seems common sense that academic freedom aligns with the values of democratic rights and free speech, O'Neil also notes the ideas of academic freedom at the time were not entirely well received, where even the New York Times criticized the declaration, but that today the statement remains “almost as nearly inviolate as the U.S. Constitution”, The AAUP notes that following a series of conferences beginning in 1934, the association officially adopted the "1925 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which then started to become institutionalized in universities only since the 1940s.
The AAUP offers the original principles, including the 1940 interpretations of the statement and a 1970 interpretation, which codified evaluation of the principles since the time they were adopted. The statement is straightforward, based on three principles of academic freedom. Briefly summarized, the first principle states that teachers are entitled to “full freedom in research and in publication of the results," and that the issue of financial gains from research depends on the relationship with the institution. The second principle of academic freedom is that teachers should have the same freedom in the classroom. The third asserts that college and university professors are citizens and should be free to speak and write as citizens “free from institutional censorship.”
Based upon five principles, the statement on academic tenure is equally simple and to the point. The first principle maintains that the terms of appointment are to be stated in writing. The second details the conditions and length of time professors are given to attain tenure. The third notes that during the probationary period before attaining tenure, the teacher "should have all the academic freedom that all other members of the faculty have." Detailing terms for appeal of the decision to deny tenure, the fourth point notes that both faculty and the institution’s governing board should judge whether tenure is to be granted or denied. The final point suggests that if the faculty member is not granted tenure appointment for reasons of financial restraint upon the university, the "financial exigency should be demonstrably bona fide."
Noting the Supreme Court Case Keyishian v. The Board of Regents (1967) which established the constitutionality and legal basis for the AAUP's principles of academic freedom, the 1970 interpretations believes that the statement is not a "static code but a fundamental document to set a framework of norms to guide adaptations to changing times and circumstances." The commentary iterates key points of the 1940 interpretations. The statement does not discourage controversy but emphasizes professionalism, believing that professors should be careful "not to introduce into their teaching controversial matter which has no relation to their subject." The interpretive statement also maintains that while professors have the rights of citizens, both scholars and educational officers "should remember that the public may judge their profession and their institution by their utterances," noting that every effort should be made "to indicate they are not speaking for the institution." The comments provide for further insights into the evaluation for tenure appointment and direct to the "1968 Recommended Institutional Regulations on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which recommends policy based upon the 1940 statement and a later documents on standards for faculty dismissal.
of higher education
. Nor was the purpose of the statement to provide principles for relations with industry and government (though it establishes direction on “the correction of existing weaknesses”). Rather, the statement aimed to establish a shared vision for the internal governance of institutions. Student involvement is not addressed in detail. The statement concerns general education policy and internal operations with an overview of the formal roles for governing structures in the organization and management of higher education.
The AAUP has released a number of reports on contingent faculty: in 2008 a report on accreditors' guidelines pertaining to part-time faculty and a report of an investigation involving alleged violations of the academic freedom and due process rights of a full-time contingent faculty member; and in 2006 an index providing data on the number of contingent faculty at various colleges. also in 2006, the AAUP adopted a new policy dealing with the job protections that should be afforded to part-time faculty members. in 2003, it released its major policy statement Contingent Appointments and the Academic Profession. The statement makes new recommendations in two areas: increasing the proportion of faculty appointments that are on the tenure line, and improving job security and due process protections for those with contingent appointments.
Unlike the American Federation of Teachers and other more traditional labor unions, AAUP is not a servicing parent organization; all of its affiliates (at least those that are not affiliated with any other labor union) are independent organizations that completely provide for all their own services, such as staff, attorneys, consultants and organizers. Further, the AAUP does not have the power of receivership in its constitution, so it can not take over any of its affiliates, supplant any of its elected leaders, nor dictate policy or bargaining proposals or agenda upon them.
a. Published online.
Organization
An organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal. The word itself is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon - as we know `organ` - and it means a compartment for a particular job.There are a variety of legal types of...
of professors and other academics in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. AAUP membership is about 47,000, with over 500 local campus chapters and 39 state organizations. The AAUP's stated mission is to advance academic freedom
Academic freedom
Academic freedom is the belief that the freedom of inquiry by students and faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy, and that scholars should have freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts without being targeted for repression, job loss, or imprisonment.Academic freedom is a...
and shared governance, to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education
Higher education
Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
, and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common good
Common good
The common good is a term that can refer to several different concepts. In the popular meaning, the common good describes a specific "good" that is shared and beneficial for all members of a given community...
. Founded in 1915 by Arthur O. Lovejoy
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy was an influential American philosopher and intellectual historian, who founded the field known as the history of ideas....
and John Dewey
John Dewey
John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology...
, the AAUP has helped to shape American higher education by developing the standards and procedures that maintain quality in education and academic freedom in the country's college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...
s and universities. Cary Nelson
Cary Nelson
Cary Nelson , professor of English and Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is the current president of the American Association of University Professors and a prominent scholar-activist....
is the current president.
Among the events that led to its founding was the dismissal of eugenicist
Eugenics
Eugenics is the "applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population", usually referring to human populations. The origins of the concept of eugenics began with certain interpretations of Mendelian inheritance,...
, economics professor and sociologist Edward Alsworth Ross from Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
. Ross investigated the problems of immigrant workers, including the Chinese who worked for Southern Pacific
Southern Pacific Railroad
The Southern Pacific Transportation Company , earlier Southern Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Company, and usually simply called the Southern Pacific or Espee, was an American railroad....
, the railroad run by Stanford's founder Leland Stanford
Leland Stanford
Amasa Leland Stanford was an American tycoon, industrialist, robber baron, politician and founder of Stanford University.-Early years:...
. Leland's widow Jane Stanford
Jane Stanford
Jane Stanford was the co-founder of Stanford University with her husband, Leland Stanford, whom she wed in 1850. She was the daughter of a shopkeeper and lived on Washington Avenue in Albany, New York, before her marriage...
intervened and, over the objections of the president and the faculty, succeeded in getting Ross dismissed.
Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure
As the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) details the history of their policy on academic freedomAcademic freedom
Academic freedom is the belief that the freedom of inquiry by students and faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy, and that scholars should have freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts without being targeted for repression, job loss, or imprisonment.Academic freedom is a...
and tenure
Tenure
Tenure commonly refers to life tenure in a job and specifically to a senior academic's contractual right not to have his or her position terminated without just cause.-19th century:...
, the association maintains that there “are still people who want to control what professors teach and write.” The AAUP's
"Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" is the definitive articulation of these principles and practices, and is widely accepted throughout the academic community. The association's procedures ensuring academic due process remain the model for professional employment practices on campuses throughout the country.
The association suggests that "The principles of Academic Freedom and Tenure" date back to a 1925 conference. R.M. O'Neil's history suggests that the formal origins of the statement of academic freedom in the United States begins with an earlier 1915 “declaration of principles,” when the “fledgling” AAUP first convened. While it seems common sense that academic freedom aligns with the values of democratic rights and free speech, O'Neil also notes the ideas of academic freedom at the time were not entirely well received, where even the New York Times criticized the declaration, but that today the statement remains “almost as nearly inviolate as the U.S. Constitution”, The AAUP notes that following a series of conferences beginning in 1934, the association officially adopted the "1925 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which then started to become institutionalized in universities only since the 1940s.
The AAUP offers the original principles, including the 1940 interpretations of the statement and a 1970 interpretation, which codified evaluation of the principles since the time they were adopted. The statement is straightforward, based on three principles of academic freedom. Briefly summarized, the first principle states that teachers are entitled to “full freedom in research and in publication of the results," and that the issue of financial gains from research depends on the relationship with the institution. The second principle of academic freedom is that teachers should have the same freedom in the classroom. The third asserts that college and university professors are citizens and should be free to speak and write as citizens “free from institutional censorship.”
Based upon five principles, the statement on academic tenure is equally simple and to the point. The first principle maintains that the terms of appointment are to be stated in writing. The second details the conditions and length of time professors are given to attain tenure. The third notes that during the probationary period before attaining tenure, the teacher "should have all the academic freedom that all other members of the faculty have." Detailing terms for appeal of the decision to deny tenure, the fourth point notes that both faculty and the institution’s governing board should judge whether tenure is to be granted or denied. The final point suggests that if the faculty member is not granted tenure appointment for reasons of financial restraint upon the university, the "financial exigency should be demonstrably bona fide."
Noting the Supreme Court Case Keyishian v. The Board of Regents (1967) which established the constitutionality and legal basis for the AAUP's principles of academic freedom, the 1970 interpretations believes that the statement is not a "static code but a fundamental document to set a framework of norms to guide adaptations to changing times and circumstances." The commentary iterates key points of the 1940 interpretations. The statement does not discourage controversy but emphasizes professionalism, believing that professors should be careful "not to introduce into their teaching controversial matter which has no relation to their subject." The interpretive statement also maintains that while professors have the rights of citizens, both scholars and educational officers "should remember that the public may judge their profession and their institution by their utterances," noting that every effort should be made "to indicate they are not speaking for the institution." The comments provide for further insights into the evaluation for tenure appointment and direct to the "1968 Recommended Institutional Regulations on Academic Freedom and Tenure," which recommends policy based upon the 1940 statement and a later documents on standards for faculty dismissal.
Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities
The American Association of University Professors published its first "Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities" in 1920, “emphasizing the importance of faculty involvement in personnel decisions, selection of administrators, preparation of the budget, and determination of educational policies. Refinements to the statement were introduced in subsequent years, culminating in the 1966 "Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities”. This statement was jointly formulated by the American Association of University Professors, the American Council on Education (ACE), and the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (AGB). The statement clarifies the respective roles of governing boards, faculties, and administrations. The document does not provide for a “blueprint” to the governanceGovernance
Governance is the act of governing. It relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. It consists of either a separate process or part of management or leadership processes...
of higher education
Higher education
Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
. Nor was the purpose of the statement to provide principles for relations with industry and government (though it establishes direction on “the correction of existing weaknesses”). Rather, the statement aimed to establish a shared vision for the internal governance of institutions. Student involvement is not addressed in detail. The statement concerns general education policy and internal operations with an overview of the formal roles for governing structures in the organization and management of higher education.
Conflict with Religious Institutions
Some scholars have criticized the AAUP's "antipathy toward religious colleges and universities." And the AAUP has censured numerous religious institutions, including the Brigham Young University and the Catholic University of America. Others have criticized the AAUP's current stance regarding academic freedom in religious institutions as contradicting its 1940 statement on academic freedom, which permits religious institutions to place limits on academic freedom if those limitations are clearly stated. In 1970, the AAUP criticized its 1940 statement, positing that most religious institutions "no longer need or desire" to place limits on academic freedom. In 1988, the AAUP offered up another interpretation, stating that the "1970 de-endorsement clause" requires a religious institution to forfeit its "right to represent itself as an 'authentic seat of higher learning.'" But the AAUP's Committee A did not endorse it, thus the issue on whether a religious institution can place limits on academic freedom if those limitations are clearly stated appears to be unresolved.Contingent Faculty
In recent decades, the AAUP has added a focus on addressing the dramatic increase in faculty positions off the tenure track. An increasing percentage of faculty has become "contingent," or non-tenure track. Many are hired into part-time positions, often multiple part-time positions which together equal a full-time load or more, but with dramatically lower pay, little job security, and few or no fringe benefits. As of 2005, 48 percent of all faculty served in part-time appointments, and non-tenure-track positions of all types accounted for 68 percent of all faculty appointments in American higher education.The AAUP has released a number of reports on contingent faculty: in 2008 a report on accreditors' guidelines pertaining to part-time faculty and a report of an investigation involving alleged violations of the academic freedom and due process rights of a full-time contingent faculty member; and in 2006 an index providing data on the number of contingent faculty at various colleges. also in 2006, the AAUP adopted a new policy dealing with the job protections that should be afforded to part-time faculty members. in 2003, it released its major policy statement Contingent Appointments and the Academic Profession. The statement makes new recommendations in two areas: increasing the proportion of faculty appointments that are on the tenure line, and improving job security and due process protections for those with contingent appointments.
Collective Bargaining
In 2009 AAUP began its reorganization to formally separate the previously muddied relationship between its think tank, its lobbying in non-organized chapters (called Advocacy), and its support for Collective Bargaining Chapters. AAUP currently represents approximately 70 affiliates across the United States in such institutions as Portland State University, University of Alaska, the California State University system, Rutgers, and many others in both the public and private sector, as well as a large number of affiliate organizations where affiliation is shared with other labor unions, the most common dual affiliation being with the American Federation of Teachers (AFT).Unlike the American Federation of Teachers and other more traditional labor unions, AAUP is not a servicing parent organization; all of its affiliates (at least those that are not affiliated with any other labor union) are independent organizations that completely provide for all their own services, such as staff, attorneys, consultants and organizers. Further, the AAUP does not have the power of receivership in its constitution, so it can not take over any of its affiliates, supplant any of its elected leaders, nor dictate policy or bargaining proposals or agenda upon them.
Censure List
Investigations by the AAUP of the administrations of the institutions listed below show that, as evidenced by a past violation, they are not observing the generally recognized principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by this Association, the Association of American Colleges and Universities, and more than two hundred other professional and educational organizations which have endorsed the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure.| Institution Name | Report Published | Year |
| Grove City College Grove City College Grove City College is a Christian liberal arts college in Grove City, Pennsylvania, about north of Pittsburgh. According to the College Bulletin, its stated three-fold mission is to provide an excellent education at an affordable price in a thoroughly Christian environment... |
March 1963, 15-24 | 1963 |
| Frank Phillips College Frank Phillips College Frank Phillips College is a community college, located in Borger, TexasAs with many community colleges, the Phillips motto is "Start here, go anywhere."The college also offers the Allen Campus in Perryton in Ochiltree County.... |
Dec. 1968, 433-38 | 1969 |
| Concordia Seminary Concordia Seminary Concordia Seminary is located in Clayton, Missouri, an inner-ring suburb on the western border of St. Louis, Missouri. The institution's primary mission is to train pastors, deaconesses, missionaries, chaplains, and church leaders for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod . The current president of... |
April 1975, 49-59 | 1975 |
| Murray State University Murray State University Murray State University, located in the city of Murray, Kentucky, is a four-year public university with approximately 10,400 students. The school is Kentucky’s only public university to be listed in the U.S.News & World Report regional university top tier for the past 20 consecutive years... |
Dec. 1975, 322-28 | 1976 |
| State University of New York State University of New York The State University of New York, abbreviated SUNY , is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. It is the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States, with a total enrollment of 465,000 students, plus... |
Aug. 1977, 237-60 | 1978 |
| Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas is a two-year institution of higher learning located in Helena-West Helena, Arkansas. The college enrolls 2,350 students and has been accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools the... |
May 1978, 93-98 | 1978 |
| Nichols College Nichols College Nichols College is a private, co-educational, four-year institution of higher learning that is located in Dudley, Massachusetts.Nichols has many diverse majors that mainly focus on business and liberal arts. The school also offers an MBA program for graduate students.Nichols College athletics... |
May 1980, 207-12 | 1980 |
| Yeshiva University Yeshiva University Yeshiva University is a private university in New York City, with six campuses in New York and one in Israel. Founded in 1886, it is a research university ranked as 45th in the US among national universities by U.S. News & World Report in 2012... |
Aug. 1981, 186-95 | 1982 |
| American International College American International College American International College is a private, co-educational liberal-arts college located in the Mason Square neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts.-History:... |
May-June 1983, 42-46 | 1983 |
| Metropolitan Community College Metropolitan Community College (Kansas City) Metropolitan Community College is a community college system in Missouri, United States. The system consists of five separate campuses located in Kansas City, Independence, and Lee's Summit. The five campuses have a total enrollment of over 21,000 students per semester... (KS) |
Mar.-Apr. 1984, 23a-32a | 1984 |
| Talladega College Talladega College - External Links :* -- Official web site*... |
May-June 1986, 6a-14a | 1986 |
| Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico The Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico is a Roman Catholic university located in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It provides courses in the areas of education, business administration, arts and human studies and science, leading to Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate Degrees. Its campus is also home... |
May-June 1987, 33-38 | 1987 |
| Husson University | May-June 1987, 45-50 | 1987 |
| Hillsdale College Hillsdale College Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan, United States, is a co-educational liberal arts college known for being the first American college to prohibit in its charter all discrimination based on race, religion, or sex; its refusal of government funding; and its monthly publication, Imprimis... |
May-June 1988, 29-33 | 1988 |
| Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention , created to meet a need in the SBC's East Coast region. It was voted into existence on May 19, 1950 at the SBC annual meeting and began offering classes in the fall of 1951 on the original campus of Wake... |
May-June 1989, 35-45 | 1989 |
| The Catholic University of America The Catholic University of America The Catholic University of America is a private university located in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is a pontifical university of the Catholic Church in the United States and the only institution of higher education founded by the U.S. Catholic bishops... |
Sept.-Oct. 1989, 27-40 | 1990 |
| Dean College Dean College Dean College is a private college granting both associate degrees in 15 majors, and baccalaureate degrees in 5 majors. The College is located in Franklin, Massachusetts. Students can earn a bachelor's degree from Dean in Business, Arts and Entertainment Management, Dance, Liberal Arts and Studies... |
May-June 1991, 27-32 | 1992 |
| Baltimore City Community College Baltimore City Community College Baltimore City Community College is a community college in Baltimore, Maryland. It was founded in 1947 and has about 7,200 students enrolled in one of its three campuses... |
May-June 1992, 37-41 | 1992 |
| Loma Linda University Loma Linda University Loma Linda University is a Seventh-day Adventist coeducational health sciences university located in Loma Linda, California, United States. The University comprises eight schools and the Faculty of Graduate Studies... |
May-June 1992, 42-49 | 1992 |
| Clarkson College Clarkson College Clarkson College is a private college located in Omaha, Nebraska that offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in the health sciences. Areas of study include nursing, medical imaging, imaging informatics, radiologic technology, health care business, physical therapist assistant and professional... |
May-June 1993, 46-53 | 1993 |
| North Greenville College | May-June 1993, 54-64 | 1993 |
| Savannah College of Art and Design Savannah College of Art and Design SCAD, the Savannah College of Art and Design, is a private, accredited and degree-granting university with locations in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia, Hong Kong, and Lacoste, France.-History:... |
May-June 1993, 65-70 | 1993 |
| University of Bridgeport University of Bridgeport The University of Bridgeport is a private, independent, non-sectarian, coeducational university located on the Long Island Sound in the South End neighborhood of Bridgeport, Connecticut. The University is fully Accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges... |
Nov.-Dec. 1993, 37-45 | 1994 |
| Benedict College Benedict College Benedict College is a historically black, liberal arts college located in Columbia, South Carolina. Founded in 1870 by northern Baptists, it was originally a teachers' college. It has since expanded into a four-year college.-History:... |
May-June 1994, 37-46 | 1994 |
| Supplementary Report | Jan.-Feb. 2005, 51-54 | |
| Bennington College Bennington College Bennington College is a liberal arts college located in Bennington, Vermont, USA. The college was founded in 1932 as a women's college and became co-educational in 1969.-History:-Early years:... |
Mar.-Apr. 1995, 91-103 | 1995 |
| Supplementary Report | Jan.-Feb. 1998, 70-75 | |
| Alaska Pacific University Alaska Pacific University Alaska Pacific University is a small liberal arts college located in Anchorage, Alaska, that emphasizes experiential and active learning... |
May-June 1995, 32-39 | 1995 |
| St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure University is a private, Franciscan Catholic university, located in Allegany, Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. It has roughly 2,400 undergraduate and graduate students.... |
July-Aug. 1995, 65-73 | 1996 |
| National Park Community College National Park Community College National Park Community College is a two-year institution of higher learning located in Hot Springs, Arkansas. NPCC was founded in 2003 as a result of a merger between Garland County Community College and Quapaw Technical Institute, which had been established in 1973 and 1969, respectively... |
May-June 1996, 41-46 | 1996 |
| Saint Meinrad School of Theology Saint Meinrad School of Theology The Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology is located in Saint Meinrad in southern Indiana and is affiliated with the St. Meinrad Archabbey, which itself is affiliated with Einsiedeln Abbey in Switzerland... |
July-Aug. 1996, 51-60 | 1997 |
| Minneapolis College of Art and Design Minneapolis College of Art and Design Minneapolis College of Art and Design is a private, nonprofit four-year and postgraduate college specializing in the visual arts. Located in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, MCAD currently enrolls approximately 1,000 students offering curriculum that includes... |
May-June 1997, 53-58 | 1997 |
| Brigham Young University Brigham Young University Brigham Young University is a private university located in Provo, Utah. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and is the United States' largest religious university and third-largest private university.Approximately 98% of the university's 34,000 students... |
Sept.-Oct 1997, 52-71 | 1998 |
| University of the District of Columbia University of the District of Columbia The University of the District of Columbia is a historically black, public university located in Washington, D.C. UDC is one of only a few urban land-grant universities in the country and a member of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund... |
May-June 1998, 46-55 | 1998 |
| Lawrence Technological University Lawrence Technological University Lawrence Technological University, also known as Lawrence Tech or simply LTU, is a private university located in Southfield, Michigan. The school offers undergraduate, masters, and doctoral programs in engineering, science, mathematics, architecture, graphic design, and business... |
May-June 1998, 56-62 | 1998 |
| Johnson & Wales University Johnson & Wales University Johnson & Wales University is a private, nonprofit, co-educational, career-oriented university with four campuses located throughout the United States. Providence, Rhode Island, USA, is home to JWU's first and largest of four currently operating campuses. Founded as a business school in 1914, by... |
May-June 1999, 46-50 | 1999 |
| Albertus Magnus College Albertus Magnus College Albertus Magnus College is a small private liberal arts college in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. It is located about two miles from the central campus of Yale University in a residential area near the border with Hamden. The neighborhood is on Prospect Street just above Edgerton park and... |
Jan.-Feb. 2000, 54-63 | 2000 |
| Charleston Southern University Charleston Southern University Charleston Southern University, founded in 1964 as Baptist College, is an independent comprehensive university located in North Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston Southern enrolls a maximum of 3,200 students. Affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention, the university's mission is... |
Jan.-Feb. 2001, 63-77 | 2001 |
| University of Dubuque University of Dubuque The University of Dubuque is a Presbyterian university located in Dubuque, Iowa, with a general attendance of approximately 1,600 students. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. It is one of three four-year post-secondary institutions in the City of Dubuque, and is... |
Sept.-Oct. 2001, 62-73 | 2002 |
| Meharry Medical College Meharry Medical College Meharry Medical College, located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, is a graduate and professional institution affiliated with the United Methodist Church whose mission is to educate healthcare professionals and scientists. Founded in 1876 as the Medical Department of Central Tennessee... |
Nov.-Dec. 2004, 56-78 | 2005 |
| University of the Cumberlands University of the Cumberlands University of the Cumberlands is a private, liberal arts college located in Williamsburg, Kentucky, with an enrollment of approximately 3,200 students... |
Mar.-Apr. 2005 99-113 | 2005 |
| Virginia State University Virginia State University Virginia State University is a historically black and land-grant university located north of the Appomattox River in Chesterfield, in the Richmond area. Founded on , Virginia State was the United States's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for black Americans... |
May-June, 2005, 47-62 | 2005 |
| Our Lady of Holy Cross College Our Lady of Holy Cross College Our Lady of Holy Cross College is a liberal arts college in New Orleans, Louisiana.-History:OLHCC was founded in 1916 as a two year normal school by the Marianites of Holy Cross. Its original location was in the Bywater area of New Orleans. It became a 4 year institution in 1938. In 1947, a ... |
Jan.-Feb, 07, 60-68 | 2007 |
| Bastyr University Bastyr University Bastyr University was established as the John Bastyr College of Naturopathic Medicine in 1978 in Seattle, Washington by Sheila Quinn, Joseph Pizzorno, ND, LM; William Mitchell, ND; and Les Griffith, ND, LM... |
Mar.-Apr. 2007, 106-120 | 2007 |
| Cedarville University Cedarville University Cedarville University is a private, co-educational liberal arts university located in Cedarville, Ohio.At its founding, the school was affiliated with the conservative General Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America. Today, Cedarville is a Southern Baptist school known for its... |
May-June 2009, 58-84 | 2009 |
| Nicholls State University Nicholls State University Nicholls State University, founded in 1948, is a public university located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA. Nicholls is part of the University of Louisiana System of universities. Originally called Francis T. Nicholls Junior College, the institution split from the Louisiana State University System in... |
Nov-Dec 2008, 60-69 | 2009 |
| North Idaho College North Idaho College North Idaho College is a community college with over 6,000 students in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, situated at the north end of Lake Coeur d'Alene.-History:The school was established during the Great Depression in 1933 as Coeur d'Alene Junior College... |
May-June 2009, 85-92 | 2009 |
| Stillman College Stillman College -Marching Band:The school's marching band is named the Blue Pride Marching Band.In February 2010, Stillman College dedicated the brand new facility, the Thomas Lyle Band Center, named in honor of former band director Thomas Lyle, in conjunction with the Wynn Fine Arts Center.Organizations include:... |
March-April 2009, 94-101 | 2009 |
| Clark Atlanta University Clark Atlanta University Clark Atlanta University is a private, historically black university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was formed in 1988 with the consolidation of Clark College and Atlanta University... |
February 2010 | 2010 |
| University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston | April 2010 | 2010 |
| Bethune-Cookman University | October 2010 | 2011 |
a. Published online.
External links
- American Association of University Professors
- 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure
- AAUP Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities
- AAUP Statement on Shared Governance
- "The Yeshiva Case: Special Analysis; The Impact of the Supreme Court Decision", by Aaron E. Levenstein, National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education Newsletter, v8 n1 (Jan-Feb 1980)
- "Acadmemic Unions: The Legal Landscape", by Donna Euben, Academe (Jan/Feb 2001)
- "The Constitutional Context: Universities, New Information Technologies and the US Supreme Court" (Abstract), by Sandra Braman Information, Communication & Society, Volume 3, Issue 4 (December 2000)
- AAUP Collection (MUM00513) owned by the University of Mississippi, Archives and Special Collections
See also
- Academic freedomAcademic freedomAcademic freedom is the belief that the freedom of inquiry by students and faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy, and that scholars should have freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts without being targeted for repression, job loss, or imprisonment.Academic freedom is a...
- Governance in higher educationGovernance in higher educationGovernance in higher education refers to the means by which higher educational institutions are formally organized and managed, though often there is a distinction between definitions of management and governance. Simply, university governance is the way in which universities are operated...
- Higher educationHigher educationHigher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
- National Conference of University ProfessorsNational Conference of University ProfessorsThe National Conference of University Professors is an organisation for university professors in the United Kingdom.NCUP was founded in 1989 by a group of university professors. It is a non-political organisation that aims to promote developments across United Kingdom universities. Members come...
(UK) - University organizations (annotated list)