Aleksandr Petrovich Karpinsky
Encyclopedia
Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky ' onMouseout='HidePop("45639")' href="/topics/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">NS
) – 15 July 1936) was a prominent Russia
n and Soviet
geologist
and mineralogist
, and the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
, and later Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in 1917–1936.
(now Krasnoturyinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
), to a family of mining engineers. From 1857 to 1866 he was in the mining school in St. Petersburg and the last three years he attended the Mineralogical Institute, where he graduated in 1866. He studied and taught at the Mining Institute, St. Petersburg
from 1869 to 1885. He was the imperial director of mining research from 1885 to 1916. Karpinsky was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences
in 1886, was elected its President in May, 1917, and held this title until his death. His main research was chiefly done in the Ural Mountains
, and he completed the first geological map of European Russia
. He was able to preserve much scientific equipment and many invaluable records during the Russian Revolution.
He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
in Moscow.
Old Style and New Style dates
Old Style and New Style are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January even though documents written at the time use a different start of year ; or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian...
) – 15 July 1936) was a prominent Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n and Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
geologist
Geology
Geology is the science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which it evolves. Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth, as it provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates...
and mineralogist
Mineralogy
Mineralogy is the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.-History:Early writing...
, and the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
, and later Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in 1917–1936.
Biography
Karpinsky was born in Turyinskiye RudnikiKrasnoturyinsk
Krasnoturyinsk is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Turya River , north of Yekaterinburg. Population: It was one of the copper mining settlements established in 1758 on the Turya River. At the time, it was known as Turyinskiye Rudniki . Later it was known as Turyinsky...
(now Krasnoturyinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Population: -Geography:...
), to a family of mining engineers. From 1857 to 1866 he was in the mining school in St. Petersburg and the last three years he attended the Mineralogical Institute, where he graduated in 1866. He studied and taught at the Mining Institute, St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
from 1869 to 1885. He was the imperial director of mining research from 1885 to 1916. Karpinsky was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
in 1886, was elected its President in May, 1917, and held this title until his death. His main research was chiefly done in the Ural Mountains
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...
, and he completed the first geological map of European Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. He was able to preserve much scientific equipment and many invaluable records during the Russian Revolution.
He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
Kremlin Wall Necropolis
Burials in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow began in November 1917, when 240 pro-Bolshevik victims of the October Revolution were buried in mass graves on Red Square. It is centered on both sides of Lenin's Mausoleum, initially built in wood in 1924 and rebuilt in granite in 1929–1930...
in Moscow.
Named in his honor
- The mineral karpinskyite
- The lunarMoonThe Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more...
craterImpact craterIn the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with a larger body...
KarpinskyKarpinskiy (crater)Karpinskiy is a lunar impact crater that lies in the northern part of the Moon on the far side from the Earth. This crater is concentric with a larger and older formation lying along the southern rim. This combined rim gives Karpinskiy a larger and wider interior wall along its south face... - The Karpinsky GroupKarpinsky GroupKarpinsky Group is a volcanic group located at the southern end of Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia. The group is capped by two gently sloping cones rising to a height of 1345 m. They are composed of andesites and andesite-basalts. In the two craters there are fumaroles and fountains of...
of volcanoes on ParamushirParamushirParamushir , is a volcanic island in the northern portion of Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is separated from Shumshu by the very narrow Second Kuril Strait in the northeast , from Antsiferov by the Luzhin Strait to the southwest, from Atlasov in the...
Island in the KurilsKuril IslandsThe Kuril Islands , in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, form a volcanic archipelago that stretches approximately northeast from Hokkaidō, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. There are 56 islands and many more minor rocks. It consists of Greater... - Mount Karpinsky, October Revolution Island in the Severnaya ZemlyaSevernaya ZemlyaSevernaya Zemlya is an archipelago in the Russian high Arctic at around . It is located off mainland Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula across the Vilkitsky Strait...
group in the RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n ArcticArcticThe Arctic is a region located at the northern-most part of the Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, the United States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. The Arctic region consists of a vast, ice-covered ocean, surrounded by treeless permafrost... - Mount Karpinsky, Urals at 1878 m lies between the Tyumen OblastTyumen OblastTyumen Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tyumen. The oblast has administrative jurisdiction over two autonomous okrugs—Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Tyumen is the largest city, with over half a million inhabitants...
and the Komi RepublicKomi RepublicThe Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
in Russia - The town of KarpinskKarpinskKarpinsk is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Turya River , north of Yekaterinburg. Population: -History:The settlement of Bogoslovsk was founded in either 1759 or in 1769. It remained one of the largest copper production centers in the Urals until 1917...
, Sverdlovsk OblastSverdlovsk OblastSverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Population: -Geography:...
on the east side of the UralsUral MountainsThe Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia... - Karpinsky Russian Geology Research Institute
Gallery