N02AA Natural opium alkaloids

N02AA01 Morphine

Morphine

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...

N02AA02 Opium

Opium

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy . Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The latex also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine...

N02AA03 Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone, a more common synonym for dihydromorphinone, commonly a hydrochloride is a very potent centrally-acting analgesic drug of the opioid class. It is a derivative of morphine, to be specific, a hydrogenated ketone thereof and, therefore, a semi-synthetic drug...

N02AA04 Nicomorphine

Nicomorphine

Nicomorphine is the 3,6-dinicotinate ester of morphine. It is a strong opioid agonist analgesic two to three times as potent as morphine with a side effect profile similar to that of dihydromorphine, morphine, and diamorphine. Nicomorphine was patented as Vilan by Lannacher Heilmittel Ges. m.b.H...

N02AA05 Oxycodone

Oxycodone

Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic medication synthesized from opium-derived thebaine. It was developed in 1916 in Germany, as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids in an attempt to improve on the existing opioids: morphine, diacetylmorphine , and codeine.Oxycodone oral medications are generally...

N02AA08 Dihydrocodeine

Dihydrocodeine

Dihydrocodeine, also called DHC, Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone and known by the brand names of Synalgos DC, Panlor DC, Panlor SS, Contugesic, New Bron Solution-ACE, Huscode, Drocode, Paracodin, Codidol, Didor Continus, Dicogesic, Codhydrine, Dekacodin, DH-Codeine,...

N02AA09 Diamorphine

N02AA10 Papaveretum

Papaveretum

Papaveretum is a preparation containing a mixture of hydrochloride salts of opium alkaloids. Since 1993, papaveretum has been defined in the British Pharmacopoeia as a mixture of 253 parts morphine hydrochloride, 23 parts papaverine hydrochloride, and 20 parts codeine hydrochloride...

N02AA51 Morphine, combinations

N02AA55 Oxycodone, combinations

N02AA58 Dihydrocodeine, combinations

N02AA59 Codeine

Codeine

Codeine or 3-methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties...

, combinations excluding psycholeptic

Psycholeptic

In pharmacology, a psycholeptic is a medication which produces a calming effect upon the patient.The psycholeptics are classified under N05 in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.-External links:...

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N02AA79 Codeine

Codeine

Codeine or 3-methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties...

, combinations with psycholeptics

N02AB Phenylpiperidine

Phenylpiperidine

Phenylpiperidine is a chemical compound with a phenyl moiety directly attached to piperidine. There are a variety of pharmacological effects associated some phenylpiperidines including morphine-like activity or other central nervous system effects....

 derivatives

N02AB01 Ketobemidone

Ketobemidone

Ketobemidone is a powerful opioid analgesic. Its effectiveness against pain is in the same range as morphine, and it also has some NMDA-antagonist properties imparted by it's metabolite norketobemidone. This makes it useful for some types of pain that don't respond well to other opioids...

N02AB02 Pethidine

Pethidine

Pethidine or meperidine Pethidine (INN) or meperidine (USAN) Pethidine (INN) or meperidine (USAN) (commonly referred to as Demerol but also referred to as: isonipecaine; lidol; pethanol; piridosal; Algil; Alodan; Centralgin; Dispadol; Dolantin; Mialgin (in Indonesia); Petidin Dolargan (in Poland);...

N02AB03 Fentanyl

N02AB52 Pethidine, combinations excluding psycholeptics

QN02AB53 Fentanyl, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02AB72 Pethidine, combinations with psycholeptics

NO02AB60 Pethidine, mixed

QN02AB73 Fentanyl, combinations with psycholeptics

N02AC Diphenylpropylamine derivatives

N02AC01 Dextromoramide

Dextromoramide

Dextromoramide is a powerful opioid analgesic approximately three times more potent than morphine but shorter acting. It is subject to drug prohibition regimes, both internationally through UN treaties, and by the criminal law of individual states...

N02AC03 Piritramide

Piritramide

Piritramide is a synthetic opioid analgesic with a potency 0.65 to 0.75 times that of morphine. A common starting dose is 15 mg IV, equivalent to 10 mg of morphine hydrochloride. Piritramide is commonly used for the treatment of postoperative pain...

N02AC04 Dextropropoxyphene

Dextropropoxyphene

Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is intended to treat mild pain and has, in addition, anti-tussive and local anesthetic effects. It has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and...

N02AC05 Bezitramide

Bezitramide

Bezitramide is a narcotic analgesic. Bezitramide itself is a prodrug which is readily hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to its main metabolite, despropionyl-bezitramide. Bezitramide was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1961...

N02AC52 Methadone

Methadone

Methadone is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive for use in patients with opioid dependency. It was developed in Germany in 1937...

, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02AC54 Dextropropoxyphene

Dextropropoxyphene

Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is intended to treat mild pain and has, in addition, anti-tussive and local anesthetic effects. It has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and...

, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02AC74 Dextropropoxyphene, combinations with psycholeptics

N02AD Benzomorphan

Benzomorphan

Benzomorphan is a chemical compound.It is the base for a series of drugs which variably act on the opioid and sigma receptors, including, but not limited to, the following compounds:...

 derivatives

N02AD01 Pentazocine

Pentazocine

Pentazocine is a synthetically prepared prototypical mixed agonist-antagonist narcotic drug of the benzomorphan class of opioids used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain...

N02AD02 Phenazocine

Phenazocine

Phenazocine is an opioid analgesic drug, which is related to pentazocine and has a similar profile of effects....

N02AE Oripavine

Oripavine

Oripavine is an opiate and the major metabolite of thebaine. It is the parent compound from which a series of semi-synthetic opioids are derived, which includes the compounds etorphine and buprenorphine...

 derivatives

N02AE01 Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid that is used...

QN02AE90 Etorphine

Etorphine

Etorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid possessing an analgesic potency approximately 200 times that of morphine. It was first prepared in 1960 from oripavine, which does not generally occur in opium poppy extract but rather in "poppy straw" and in related plants, Papaver orientale and Papaver...

QN02AE99 Oripavine derivatives, combinations

N02AF Morphinan

Morphinan

Morphinan is the base chemical structure of a large chemical class of psychoactive drugs, consisting of opioid analgesics, cough suppressants, and dissociative hallucinogens, among others.- Chemical Derivatives :Immediate derivatives of morphinan include:...

 derivatives

N02AF01 Butorphanol

Butorphanol

Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. Brand name Stadol was recently discontinued by the manufacturer. It is now only available in its generic formulations, manufactured by Novex, Mylan, Apotex and Ben Venue Laboratories. Butorphanol is most...

N02AF02 Nalbuphine

Nalbuphine

Nalbuphine is a semi-synthetic opioid used commercially as an analgesic under a variety of trade names, including Nubain. It is noteworthy in part for the fact that at low dosages, it is found much more effective by women than by men, and may even increase pain in men, leading to its...

N02AG Opioids in combination with antispasmodic

Antispasmodic

An antispasmodic is a drug or a herb that suppresses muscle spasms.-Smooth muscle spasm:One type of antispasmodics is used for smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract...

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N02AG01 Morphine and antispasmodics

N02AG02 Ketobemidone and antispasmodics

N02AG03 Pethidine and antispasmodics

N02AG04 Hydromorphone and antispasmodics

N02AX Other opioids

N02AX01 Tilidine

Tilidine

Tilidine , or tilidate is a synthetic opioid analgesic, used mainly in Germany, Switzerland and Belgium for treatment of moderate to severe pain, both acute and chronic.-Pharmacology:...

N02AX02 Tramadol

Tramadol

Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic used in treating moderate pain. The drug has a wide range of applications, including treatment for restless legs syndrome and fibromyalgia...

N02AX03 Dezocine

Dezocine

Dezocine was developed by American Home Products and is an opioid analgesic related to pentazocine, with a similar profile of effects that include analgesic action and euphoria at low doses, but produces dysphoria and hallucinations at high doses, most likely due to action at κ-opioid...

N02AX05 Meptazinol

Meptazinol

Meptazinol is an opioid analgesic for use with moderate to severe pain, most commonly used to treat pain in obstetrics . A partial µ-opioid receptor agonist, its mixed agonist/antagonist activity affords it a lower risk of dependence and abuse than full µ agonists like morphine...

N02AX06 Tapentadol

Tapentadol

Tapentadol is a centrally acting analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist at the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. While its analgesic actions have been compared to tramadol and oxycodone, its general potency is somewhere between tramadol and morphine in...

N02AX52 Tramadol, combinations

N02BA Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin...

 and derivatives

N02BA01 Acetylsalicylic acid

N02BA02 Aloxiprin

Aloxiprin

Aloxiprin is a medical drug used for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with muscular skeletal and joint disorders. It is used for its properties as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic drug....

N02BA03 Choline salicylate

N02BA04 Sodium salicylate

Sodium salicylate

Sodium salicylate is a sodium salt of salicylic acid. It can be prepared from sodium phenolate and carbon dioxide under higher temperature and pressure...

N02BA05 Salicylamide

Salicylamide

Salicylamide is the common name for the substance o-hydroxybenzamide, or amide of salicyl. Salicylamide is a non-prescription drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its medicinal uses are similar to those of aspirin. Salicylamide is used in combination with both aspirin and caffeine in...

N02BA06 Salsalate

Salsalate

Salsalate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug . Salsalate is in a class of drugs called salicylates. Salsalate may work by inhibiting the production of and release of prostaglandins. Salsalate is the generic name of a prescription drug marketed under the brandnames Mono-Gesic, Salflex,...

N02BA07 Ethenzamide

Ethenzamide

Ethenzamide is a common analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications and many prescription analgesics....

N02BA08 Morpholine salicylate

N02BA09 Dipyrocetyl

N02BA10 Benorilate

N02BA11 Diflunisal

Diflunisal

Diflunisal is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug . It was developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme in 1971 after showing promise in a research project studying more potent chemical analogs of aspirin. It was first sold under the brand name Dolobid, marketed by Merck & Co., but generic versions are now...

N02BA12 Potassium salicylate

Potassium salicylate

Potassium salicylate is the potassium salt of salicylic acid.- External Links :* http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB4157001.htm* http://www.chemblink.com/products/578-36-9.htm...

N02BA14 Guacetisal

N02BA15 Carbasalate calcium

Carbasalate calcium

Carbasalate calcium is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It is a mixture of calcium acetylsalicylate and urea....

N02BA16 Imidazole salicylate

N02BA51 Acetylsalicylic acid, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BA55 Salicylamide, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BA57 Ethenzamide, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BA59 Dipyrocetyl, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BA65 Carbasalate calcium combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BA71 Acetylsalicylic acid, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BA75 Salicylamide, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BA77 Ethenzamide, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BA79 Dipyrocetyl, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BB Pyrazolone

Pyrazolone

Pyrazolone, a five-membered-ring lactam, is a derivative of pyrazole that has an additional keto group.It has a molecular formula of C3H4N2O.Examples of derivatives include:* Ampyrone* Metamizole* Phenazone-External links:* *...

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N02BB01 Phenazone

Phenazone

Phenazone , phenazon, antipyrine , or analgesine is an analgesic and antipyretic. It was first synthesized by Ludwig Knorr in 1883. It is formed by reducing diortho- dinitrodiphenyl with sodium amalgam and methyl alcohol, or by heating diphenylene-ortho-dihydrazine with hydrochloric acid to...

N02BB02 Metamizole

Metamizole

Metamizole sodium or dipyrone is a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. It is marketed under various trade names, including Algozone, Algocalmin, Analgin, Dipirona, Novalgin, Neo-Melubrina and Optalgin. Metamizole was first synthesized by the German company Hoechst AG in 1920, and its mass...

N02BB03 Aminophenazone

Aminophenazone

Aminophenazone — a pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of agranulocytosis. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in liver function tests....

N02BB04 Propyphenazone

Propyphenazone

Propyphenazone is a derivative of phenazone with similar analgesic and antipyretic effects....

N02BB05 Nifenazone

Nifenazone

Nifenazone is a drug used for joint and muscular pain.Skita, E.; Stummer, W.; 1955, .Ponngrantz, A.; Zirm, K. L.; Monatsh. 1957, 88, 330.See also: aminopyrine...

N02BB51 Phenazone, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BB52 Metamizole sodium, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BB53 Aminophenazone, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BB54 Propyphenazone, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BB71 Phenazone, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BB72 Metamizole sodium, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BB73 Aminophenazone, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BB74 Propyphenazone, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BE Anilides

N02BE01 Paracetamol

Paracetamol

Paracetamol INN , or acetaminophen USAN , is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic . It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies...

N02BE03 Phenacetin

Phenacetin

Phenacetin is an analgesic, once widely used; its use has declined because of its adverse effects.-History:Phenacetin was introduced in 1887, and was used principally as an analgesic, and was one of the first synthetic fever reducers to go on the market...

N02BE04 Bucetin

N02BE05 Propacetamol

Propacetamol

Propacetamol is a prodrug form of paracetamol which is formed from esterification of paracetamol, and the carboxylic acid Diethylglycin. This has the advantage of making it more water soluble. It is used in post-operative care and is delivered by I.V....

N02BE51 Paracetamol, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BE53 Phenacetin, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BE54 Bucetin, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02BE71 Paracetamol, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BE73 Phenacetin, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BE74 Bucetin, combinations with psycholeptics

N02BG Other analgesics and antipyretics

N02BG02 Rimazolium

N02BG03 Glafenine

N02BG04 Floctafenine

N02BG05 Viminol

Viminol

Viminol is an opioid analgesic developed by the drugs company Zambon in the 1960s. It has an unusual chemical structure that is not similar to other opioids....

N02BG06 Nefopam

Nefopam

Nefopam is a centrally-acting but non-opioid analgesic drug of the benzoxazocine chemical class which was developed by Riker Laboratories in the 1960s. It is widely used, mainly in European countries, for the relief of moderate to severe pain as an alternative to opioid analgesic drugs...

N02BG07 Flupirtine

Flupirtine

Flupirtine is an aminopyridine that functions as a centrally acting non-opioid analgesic. It first became available in Europe in 1984, and is sold mainly under the names Katadolon, Trancolong, Awegal, Efiret, Trancopal Dolo, and Metanor. Flupirtine is available as "Pruf",Snepdol in India...

N02BG08 Ziconotide

N02BG09 Menthol

Menthol

Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is -menthol, which is assigned...

N02BG10 Nabiximols

N02CA Ergot alkaloids

N02CA01 Dihydroergotamine

Dihydroergotamine

Dihydroergotamine is an ergot alkaloid used to treat migraines. It is a derivative of ergotamine. It is administered as a nasal spray or injection and has an efficacy similar to that of sumatriptan...

N02CA02 Ergotamine

N02CA04 Methysergide

Methysergide

Methysergide is a prescription drug used for prophylaxis of migraine headaches and is sold under the brand names Sansert and Deseril in 2 mg dosages.-Pharmacology:Methysergide interacts with serotonin receptors...

N02CA07 Lisuride

Lisuride

Lisuride is an antiparkinson agent of the iso-ergoline class, chemically related to the dopaminergic ergoline Parkinson's drugs. Lisuride is described as free base and as hydrogen maleate salt.Lisuride is used to lower prolactin and, in low doses, to prevent migraine attacks...

N02CA51 Dihydroergotamine, combinations

N02CA52 Ergotamine, combinations excluding psycholeptics

N02CA72 Ergotamine, combinations with psycholeptics

N02CC Selective serotonin (5-HT₁) agonists

Triptan

Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. They were first introduced in the 1990s...

N02CC01 Sumatriptan

Sumatriptan

Sumatriptan is a triptan sulfa drug containing a sulfonamide group. It is used for the treatment of migraine headaches. Sumatriptan is produced and marketed by various drug manufacturers with many different trade names such as Sumatriptan, Imitrex, Imigran, Imigran recovery.-Approval and...

N02CC02 Naratriptan

Naratriptan

Naratriptan is a triptan drug marketed by GlaxoSmithKline and is used for the treatment of migraine headaches. Naratriptan is available in 2.5 mg tablets. It is a selective 5-HT1 receptor subtype agonist...

N02CC03 Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist of the 1B and 1D subtypes. It is a triptan, used in the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura and cluster headaches....

N02CC04 Rizatriptan

Rizatriptan

Rizatriptan is a 5-HT1 agonist triptan drug developed by Merck & Co. for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is available in strengths of 5 and 10 mg as tablets and orally disintegrating tablets ....

N02CC05 Almotriptan

Almotriptan

Almotriptan ,...

N02CC06 Eletriptan

Eletriptan

Eletriptan is a second generation triptan drug marketed and manufactured by Pfizer Inc for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is sold in the US under the brand name Relpax.-Approval and availability:...

N02CC07 Frovatriptan

Frovatriptan

Frovatriptan is a triptan drug developed by Vernalis for the treatment of migraine headaches and for short term prevention of menstrual migraine. The product is licensed to Endo Pharmaceuticals in North America and Menarini in Europe.-Pharmacology:Frovatriptan inhibits excessive dilation of...

N02CX Other antimigraine preparations

N02CX01 Pizotifen

Pizotifen

Pizotifen or pizotyline , trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches.-Uses:...

N02CX02 Clonidine

Clonidine

Clonidine is a sympatholytic medication used to treat medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, some pain conditions, ADHD and anxiety/panic disorder...

N02CX03 Iprazochrome

Iprazochrome

Iprazochrome is an antimigraine agent.It is a serotonin antagonist....

N02CX05 Dimetotiazine

Dimetotiazine

Dimetotiazine is a phenothiazine used for the treatment of migraine.It is a serotonin antagonist and histamine antagonist....

N02CX06 Oxetorone

Oxetorone

Oxetorone is an antimigraine agent.Association with hyperprolactinemia has been described....