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85 (number)
Encyclopedia
85 is the natural number
following 84
and preceding 86
.
, a centered triangular number
, a centered square number
, a decagonal number
, and a Smith number
.
85 is the product of two prime number
s (5 and 17), and is therefore a biprime
; specifically, the 24th biprime not counting perfect squares. Together with 86 and 87, it forms the second cluster of three consecutive biprimes.
85 can be expressed as a sum of two squares in two ways, 85= 92 + 22 = 72 + 62
85 is 1111 (a repunit
) in base 4; which is expected, since its two factors 5 and 17 are consecutive Fermat primes, and the base 4 is one less than the smaller factor 5.
The aliquot sum of 85 is 23 within the aliquot sequence (23,1,0) 85 being the second composite number
in the 23-aliquot tree.
, schools that are members of NCAA Division I are limited to providing athletic scholarship
s to a maximum of 85 football
players in a given season. The specifics vary by the two Division I football subdivisions:
Eighty-five is also:
Moreover:
Natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are the ordinary whole numbers used for counting and ordering . These purposes are related to the linguistic notions of cardinal and ordinal numbers, respectively...
following 84
84 (number)
84 is the natural number following 83 and preceding 85.- In mathematics :Eighty-four is the sum of the first seven triangular numbers , as well as the sum of a twin prime...
and preceding 86
86 (number)
86 is the natural number following 85 and preceding 87.-In mathematics:86 is the 25th distinct semiprime and the 13th of the form...
.
In mathematics
85 is an octahedral numberOctahedral number
In number theory, an octahedral number is a figurate number that represents the number of spheres in an octahedron formed from close-packed spheres...
, a centered triangular number
Centered triangular number
A centered triangular number is a centered figurate number that represents a triangle with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center in successive triangular layers...
, a centered square number
Centered square number
In elementary number theory, a centered square number is a centered figurate number that gives the number of dots in a square with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in successive square layers. That is, each centered square number equals the number of dots within a...
, a decagonal number
Decagonal number
A decagonal number is a figurate number that represents a decagon. The n-th decagonal number is given by the formulaThe first few decagonal numbers are:...
, and a Smith number
Smith number
A Smith number is a composite number for which, in a given base , the sum of its digits is equal to the sum of the digits in its prime factorization. For example, 378 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 is a Smith number since 3 + 7 + 8 =...
.
85 is the product of two prime number
Prime number
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example 5 is prime, as only 1 and 5 divide it, whereas 6 is composite, since it has the divisors 2...
s (5 and 17), and is therefore a biprime
Semiprime
In mathematics, a semiprime is a natural number that is the product of two prime numbers. The first few semiprimes are 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 22, 25, 26, ... ....
; specifically, the 24th biprime not counting perfect squares. Together with 86 and 87, it forms the second cluster of three consecutive biprimes.
85 can be expressed as a sum of two squares in two ways, 85= 92 + 22 = 72 + 62
85 is 1111 (a repunit
Repdigit
In recreational mathematics, a repdigit is a natural number composed of repeated instances of the same digit, most often in the decimal numeral system....
) in base 4; which is expected, since its two factors 5 and 17 are consecutive Fermat primes, and the base 4 is one less than the smaller factor 5.
The aliquot sum of 85 is 23 within the aliquot sequence (23,1,0) 85 being the second composite number
Composite number
A composite number is a positive integer which has a positive divisor other than one or itself. In other words a composite number is any positive integer greater than one that is not a prime number....
in the 23-aliquot tree.
In astronomy
- Messier objectMessier objectThe Messier objects are a set of astronomical objects first listed by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771. The original motivation of the catalogue was that Messier was a comet hunter, and was frustrated by objects which resembled but were not comets...
M85Messier 85Messier 85 is a lenticular galaxy in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is 60 million light years away, making it the 94th most distant Messier object, and it estimated to be 125,000 light years across....
is a magnitude 10.5 lenticular galaxyLenticular galaxyA lenticular galaxy is a type of galaxy which is intermediate between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. Lenticular galaxies are disk galaxies which have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing...
in the constellationConstellationIn modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally defined area of the celestial sphere. These areas are grouped around asterisms, patterns formed by prominent stars within apparent proximity to one another on Earth's night sky....
Coma BerenicesComa BerenicesComa Berenices is a traditional asterism that has since been defined as one of the 88 modern constellations. It is located near Leo, to which it formerly belonged, and accommodates the North Galactic Pole... - NGC 85 is a galaxyGalaxyA galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system that consists of stars and stellar remnants, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and an important but poorly understood component tentatively dubbed dark matter. The word galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias , literally "milky", a...
in the constellation AndromedaAndromeda (constellation)Andromeda is a constellation in the northern sky. It is named after Andromeda, the princess in the Greek legend of Perseus who was chained to a rock to be eaten by the sea monster Cetus... - 85 Io85 Io85 Io is a large, dark main-belt asteroid of the C spectral class. It is probably a primitive body composed of carbonates. Like 70 Panopaea it orbits within the Eunomia asteroid family but it is not related to the shattered parent body....
is a large main belt asteroid - 85 Pegasi85 Pegasi85 Pegasi is a multiple star system 40.5 light years away in the constellation of Pegasus. The primary component is sixth magnitude 85 Pegasi A, which is a yellow dwarf like our Sun. The secondary component, 85 Pegasi B, is a ninth magnitude orange dwarf that takes 26.28 years to orbit at 10.3 AU...
is a multiple star system in constellation of PegasusPegasus (constellation)Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations.-Stars:... - 85 Ceti85 Ceti85 Ceti or HD 16861 is variable star.-References:* *...
is a variable star in the constellation of Cetus - 85P/Boethin85P/BoethinComet Boethin is a periodic comet discovered in 1975 by Reverend Leo Boethin. It appeared again in 1986 January as expected...
is a periodic comet - 85 is the SarosSaros cycleThe saros is a period of 223 synodic months , that can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and Moon. One saros after an eclipse, the Sun, Earth, and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry, and a nearly identical eclipse will occur, in what is referred to as an eclipse cycle...
number of the solar eclipseSolar eclipseAs seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun as viewed from a location on Earth. This can happen only during a new moon, when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth. At least...
series which began on -170 March 14 and ended on 1110 April (1280.1 years, 72 solar eclipses) - 85 is also the Saros number of the lunar eclipseLunar eclipseA lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so that the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from striking the Moon. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a...
series which began on -103 August 2 and ended on 1267 November (1370.3 years, 77 lunar eclipses)
In titles and names
- Federalist No. 85Federalist No. 85Federalist No. 85 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton and the eighty-fifth and last of the United States Federalist Papers. It was published on August 13 and 16, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all the Federalist Papers were published. The title is, "Concluding...
, by Alexander HamiltonAlexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton was a Founding Father, soldier, economist, political philosopher, one of America's first constitutional lawyers and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury...
, the last of the Federalist PapersFederalist PapersThe Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven of the essays were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788...
(1788) - The 85 Ways to Tie a TieThe 85 Ways to Tie a TieThe 85 Ways to Tie a Tie is a book by Thomas Fink and Yong Mao. The authors were research fellows at Cambridge University’s Cavendish Laboratory...
, a book by Thomas FinkThomas FinkThomas Fink is an Anglo-American physicist who has authored a number of journal articles on statistical and biological physics and two popular books. He is a Chargé de Recherche at CNRS/Institut Curie and when not in Paris lives in London....
and Yong Mao - 85 Days: The Last Campaign of Robert Kennedy a book by Jules WitcoverJules WitcoverJules Joseph Witcover is an American journalist, author, and columnist.Witcover is a veteran newspaperman of 50 years' standing, having written for The Baltimore Sun, the now-defunct Washington Star, the Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post...
- Live/1975–85, an album of live reordings by Bruce SpringsteenBruce SpringsteenBruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss," is an American singer-songwriter who records and tours with the E Street Band...
(1986) - 80–8580–85-Credits:*Greg Graffin – vocals *Brett Gurewitz – guitars *Greg Hetson – guitars *Jay Bentley – bass *Tim Gallegos – bass...
a compilation album by Bad ReligionBad ReligionBad Religion is a punk rock band that formed in Los Angeles in 1979. Their current line-up consists of Greg Graffin , Brett Gurewitz , Jay Bentley , Greg Hetson , Brian Baker and Brooks Wackerman . Gurewitz is also the founder of the label Epitaph Records, which has released almost all of the...
(1991) - Cupid & Psyche 85Cupid & Psyche 85Cupid & Psyche 85 is the second album by the British new wave pop group Scritti Politti.It remains the band's most successful album, reaching No. 5 in the UK, and was certified Gold by the BPI for 100,000 copies sold. The album contained five singles, three of which were top 20 hits in the UK...
, an album by band Scritti PolittiScritti PolittiScritti Politti are a British band, originally formed in 1977 in Leeds, Yorkshire, England. Although there have been various changes to the line-up, Cardiff-born singer-songwriter Green Gartside was the founding member of the band and the only member to have remained throughout the group's...
(1985) - 45/8545/8545/85 is an ABC News television documentary. It aired on September 18, 1985. The three-hour program combined archive film and television footage with new interviews to document post-World War II history, focusing especially on the Cold War. That special was produced by Avram "Av" Westin, who also...
was a television documentary on World War II - Minuscule 85Minuscule 85Minuscule 85 , ε 391 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, Papyrus 85, Lectionary 85Lectionary 85Lectionary 85, designated by siglum ℓ 85 , is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century.- Description :...
are early Greek manuscripts of the New TestamentNew TestamentThe New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament.... - "85", a 2000 rap single by YoungBloodzYoungBloodZYoungBloodZ are an American Southern rap duo from Atlanta, Georgia, comprising members J-Bo and Sean P YoungBloodZ are an American Southern rap duo from Atlanta, Georgia, comprising members J-Bo (born Jeffrey Ray Grigsby on October 4, 1977) and Sean P YoungBloodZ are an American Southern rap duo...
, from their album Against Da GrainAgainst Da GrainAgainst da Grain is the debut album by southern rap duo YoungBloodZ. It was released on October 12, 1999.-Track listing:# "YoungBloodz Intro" — 2:54# "Shakem' Off" — 3:42... - 85°C85C Bakery Cafe85°C Bakery Cafe is a Taiwanese chain of coffee shops run by Gourmet Master Co., Ltd. The company, with an estimated yearly revenue of $200 million, was founded in 2004 by tea shop owner Wu Cheng-hsueh and currently has over 325 branches located within Taiwan and Australia...
, a Taiwanese coffee store chain.
In sports
In U.S. college athleticsCollege athletics
College athletics refers primarily to sports and athletic competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education . In the United States, college athletics is a two-tiered system. The first tier includes the sports that are sanctioned by one of the collegiate sport governing bodies...
, schools that are members of NCAA Division I are limited to providing athletic scholarship
Athletic scholarship
An athletic scholarship is a form of scholarship to attend a college or university awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to play in a sport...
s to a maximum of 85 football
College football
College football refers to American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities...
players in a given season. The specifics vary by the two Division I football subdivisions:
- In the top-level FBS, each player provided with a scholarship may, and almost always does, receive a full scholarship.
- In the second-level FCS, schools are allowed to provide football-related athletic aid equivalent to 63 full scholarships, but this aid may be divided among up to 85 players as the schools see fit.
In other fields
- The year AD 85, 85 BC85 BCYear 85 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cinna and Carbo...
, or 1985. - The Muslim calendar year 85 AH.
- The atomic numberAtomic numberIn chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element...
of astatineAstatineAstatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays away rapidly, so much less is known about this element than its upper neighbors in the periodic table... - The number of the French department VendéeVendéeThe Vendée is a department in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west central France, on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Vendée is taken from the Vendée river which runs through the south-eastern part of the department.-History:...
- The ISBN Group Identifier for books published in BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
- The radix of the Ascii85Ascii85Ascii85 is a form of binary-to-text encoding developed by Paul E. Rutter for the btoa utility. By using five ASCII characters to represent four bytes of binary data , it is more efficient than uuencode or Base64, which use four characters to represent three bytes of data...
(sometimes called Base85) binary-to-text encoding - The IQ and nickname of Aaron in Alien 3
- The number worn by Chad Ochocinco, whose name means "eight five" in Spanish
Moreover:
- Arabigere 85Arabigere 85Arabigere 85 is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Kollegal taluk of Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka.-Demographics:As of 2001 India census, Arabigere 85 had a population of 5157 with 2606 males and 2551 females....
is a village in India - E85E85E85 is an abbreviation for an ethanol fuel blend of up to 85% denatured ethanol fuel and gasoline or other hydrocarbon by volume. E85 is commonly used by flex-fuel vehicles in the US, Canada, and Europe. Some of the benefits of E85 over conventional gasoline powered vehicles include the potential...
fuel is 85% ethanol and 15% conventional gasoline - MCS-85 was a family of Intel processors including the 8085Intel 8085The Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1977. It was binary-compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080 but required less supporting hardware, thus allowing simpler and less expensive microcomputer systems to be built....
- TI-85TI-85The TI-85 was a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments based around the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. Designed in 1992 as TI's second graphing calculator , it has since been replaced by the TI-86, which has also been discontinued....
was a graphing pocket calculator by Texas InstrumentsTexas InstrumentsTexas Instruments Inc. , widely known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology... - KC 85KC 85The KC 85 were models of microcomputers built in East Germany, first in 1984 by Robotron and later by VEB Mikroelektronik "Wilhelm Pieck" Mühlhausen ....
was a family of small computers built in East Germany in the 1980s - PMD 85PMD 85The PMD 85 was an 8-bit personal computer produced from 1985 by the companies Tesla Piešťany and Bratislava in the former Czechoslovakia.They were deployed en masse in schools throughout Slovakia, while the IQ 151 performed a similar role in Czech part of the country.PMD 85s were famous for their...
was a personal computer built in CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
in 1985 - Learjet 85Learjet 85-External links:* * * *...
is an all-composite plane being developed by Bombardier AerospaceBombardier AerospaceBombardier Aerospace is a division of Bombardier Inc. and is the third-largest airplane manufacturer in the world. It is headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Canada.- History :... - British Rail Class 85British Rail Class 85The British Rail Class 85 is an electric locomotive built during the early 1960s, as part of BR's policy to develop a standard electric locomotive. Five prototype classes were built and evaluated, which eventually led to the development of the Class 86 locomotive...
, a category of UK train locomotives - DRG Class 85DRG Class 85The Class 85 was a German goods train tank engine and standard locomotive with the Deutsche Reichsbahn.- History :In 1931, the DRG ordered ten locomotives from the firm of Henschel that were taken into the fleet as numbers 85 001–010. The Class 85 was intended for hauling passenger and goods trains...
, a category of German train locomotives - TK 85TK 85The TK 85 was a ZX81 clone made by Microdigital Eletronica, a computer company located in Brazil. It came with 16 or 48 kB RAM, and had a ZX Spectrum-style case, more precisely a Timex Sinclair 1500 clone....
was a clone of the Sinclair ZX81Sinclair ZX81The ZX81 was a home computer produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Scotland by Timex Corporation. It was launched in the United Kingdom in March 1981 as the successor to Sinclair's ZX80 and was designed to be a low-cost introduction to home computing for the general public...
made in Brazil in 1895 - Lima Site 85Battle of Lima Site 85The Battle of Lima Site 85, also called Battle of Phou Pha Thi, was fought as part of a military campaign waged during the Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War by the Vietnam People’s Army and the Pathet Lao, against airmen of the United States Air Force 1st Combat Evaluation Group, elements of the ...
was a battle in the Vietnam War - A85 is the Dutch DefenceDutch DefenceThe Dutch Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:-History:Elias Stein , an Alsatian who settled in The Hague, recommended the defence as the best reply to 1.d4 in his 1789 book Nouvel essai sur le jeu des échecs, avec des réflexions militaires relatives à ce jeu.-Theory:Black's 1.....
in the Encyclopaedia of Chess - EF 85mm is a photographic camera lens by Canon
- F-85 is a family of OldsmobileOldsmobileOldsmobile was a brand of American automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. It was founded by Ransom E. Olds in 1897. In its 107-year history, it produced 35.2 million cars, including at least 14 million built at its Lansing, Michigan factory...
cars
In military technology
- 85mm is a common caliberCaliberIn guns including firearms, caliber or calibre is the approximate internal diameter of the barrel in relation to the diameter of the projectile used in it....
for cannons - SU-85SU-85The SU-85 was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II, based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns, such as the SU-122, or as mobile anti-tank weapons; the SU-85 fell into the latter category...
was a Soviet tank - TR-85TR-85The TR-85 is a main battle tank designed for the armed forces of Romania. Based on the TR-77-580 , the TR-85 tank was developed from 1978 to 1985 and produced from 1986 until 1990. A modernization program was initiated in March 1994 in order to upgrade the TR-85 tanks to NATO standards...
was a Romanian battle tank - Tu-85 was a prototype Soviet bomber
- ASU-85ASU-85The ASU-85 is a soviet-designed airborne self-propelled gun of the Cold War Era. From 1959 it replaced the open-topped ASU-57 in service but was in its turn replaced by the BMD-1 from 1969.-Development history:...
a Soviet self-propelled gun - CZ 85CZ 85The CZ 85 is a semi-automatic pistol chambered for 9mm Luger.It was manufactured in Czechoslovakia by Česká Zbrojovka. It is an updated version of the CZ 75, and has slight changes made to internal parts to increase reliability, and has an ambidextrous safety switch and slide stop, making the...
is a Czech 9mm semiautomatic pistol - PT-85PT-85The PT-85 is a North Korean produced amphibious light tank, based on the lengthened VTT-323 APC chassis, and featuring a turret similar in appearance to PT-76 one with several modifications. The PT-85 is armed with the 85 mm main gun and an ATGM launcher capable of firing 9M14M Malyutka ATGM. It is...
is a Korean tank - 7.62 Tkiv 85 is a Finnish army rifle
- HG 85HG 85The HG 85 is a round fragmentation hand grenade designed for the Swiss Armed Forces. Due to its special constructed fuze and packaging, it is considered especially secure. For these reasons, it is also used in a number of other European Armies....
is a Swiss fragmentation grenade - Taurus Model 85Taurus Model 85The Taurus Model 85 is a small-frame revolver manufactured by the Brazilian firearm company Taurus International.The Model 85 is available in several configurations. These include blued steel, stainless steel, and "Ultralite" variants constructed of aluminum and titanium, with steel lockwork...
, a 9mm revolver made in Brazil
See also
- List of highways numbered 85
- List of highways numbered 85A
- Type 85, a designation of many military equipment
External links
- 85
- Jorge Stolfi, The Hollywood Constant.