Zimredda (Sidon mayor)
Encyclopedia
Zimredda, also Zimr-Edda or Zimr-Eddi was the mayor of Siduna, (modern Sidon
) in the mid 14th century BC
. His name means, "Protection/Protector" Hadad
, "(My) protector (is) Hadad", "The protector is Hadad", "Protector-Hadad", etc. He is mentioned in several of the Amarna letters
, in the late Rib-Hadda
series, and later. He authored letters EA 144-45 (EA for 'el Amarna
').
Zimredda of Siduna-Sidon, is the only mayor of Siduna in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence
, (15-20 year) time period.
Zimredda of Sidon's name is referenced in 10 Amarna letters, with 3 from the Rib-Hadda
series-(+Rib-Hadda EA 92, entitled: "Some help from the Pharaoh"-(calling mayors to assist Rib-Hadda), as the "King of Siduna"), 5 from Abi-Milku
of Tyre, also his own letters. (He is the major subject of half of Abi-Milku's letters to pharaoh.)
The Abi-Milku letters reference Zimredda of Siduna as one of his major enemies in the groups against Abi-Milku.
.
(See: the Prostration formula
)
EA 145: "Word on Amurru
A letter written to someone, in the pharaoh's charge.
EA 154, no. 9 of 10 of Abi-Milku
This damaged letter is the 5th letter of Abi-Milku which discusses the affairs of Zimredda: ('ruler of Siduna'). His name appears in the end-lines damaged lacuna
. He's also referenced as the 'ruler of Siduna,' line 14.
Sidon
Sidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...
) in the mid 14th century BC
14th century BC
The 14th century BC is a century which lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.-Events:* 1397 BC: Pandion I, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Erechtheus II of Athens....
. His name means, "Protection/Protector" Hadad
Hadad
Haddad was a northwest Semitic storm and rain god, cognate in name and origin with the Akkadian god Adad. Hadad was often called simply Ba‘al , but this title was also used for other gods. The bull was the symbolic animal of Hadad. He appeared as a bearded deity, often shown as holding a club and...
, "(My) protector (is) Hadad", "The protector is Hadad", "Protector-Hadad", etc. He is mentioned in several of the Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
, in the late Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
series, and later. He authored letters EA 144-45 (EA for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
').
Zimredda of Siduna-Sidon, is the only mayor of Siduna in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
, (15-20 year) time period.
Zimredda of Sidon's name is referenced in 10 Amarna letters, with 3 from the Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
series-(+Rib-Hadda EA 92, entitled: "Some help from the Pharaoh"-(calling mayors to assist Rib-Hadda), as the "King of Siduna"), 5 from Abi-Milku
Abi-Milku
Abi-Milku was the only mayor/ruler of Tyre, Lebanon , during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence .He is the author of ten letters , EA 146-155 ....
of Tyre, also his own letters. (He is the major subject of half of Abi-Milku's letters to pharaoh.)
The Abi-Milku letters reference Zimredda of Siduna as one of his major enemies in the groups against Abi-Milku.
EA 144: "Zimreddi of Siduna"
A letter written to the pharaohPharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
.
- "Say to the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, the breath of my life: Thus Zimreddi, the mayor of Siduna. I fall at the feetProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
of my lord, god, Sun, breath of my life, ((at the feet of my lord, my god, my Sun, the breath of my life))-(emphasis(?)), 7 times and 7 times. May the king, my lord, know that SidunaSidonSidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...
-(SidonSidonSidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...
), the maidservant of the king, my lord, which he put in my charge, is safe and sound. And when I heard the words of the king, my lord, when he wrote to his servant, then my heart rejoiced, and my head went [h]igh, and my eyes shone, at hearing the words of the king, my lord. May the king know that I have made preparations before the arrival of the archersArchers (Egyptian pítati)The Pítati were a contingent of archers in the Egyptian Empire, often requested and dispatched, to support the Egyptian vassalage in Canaan, or northern Canaan...
of the king, my lord. I have prepared everything in accordance with the command of the king, my lord. - May the king, my lord, know that the war against me is very severe. All the cit[i]es that the king put in [m]y ch[ar]ge, have been joined to the 'ApiruHabiruHabiru or Apiru or ˁpr.w was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan...
-(HabiruHabiruHabiru or Apiru or ˁpr.w was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan...
). May the king put me in the charge of a man that will lead the archers of the king to call to account the cities that have been joined to the 'Apiru, so you can restore them to my charge that I may be able to serve the king, my lord, as our ancestors before (did before)." -EA 144, lines 1-30 (complete)
(See: the Prostration formula
Prostration formula
In the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
)
EA 145: "Word on AmurruAmurruAmurru and Martu are names given in Akkadian and Sumerian texts to the god of the Amorite/Amurru people, often forming part of personal names. He is sometimes called Ilu Amurru . He was the patron god of the Mesopotamian city of Ninab, whose exact location is unknown.-Description:Amurru/Martu was...
"
A letter written to someone, in the pharaoh's charge.
- "[Sa]y [to ...] ... [my lord: Message of Z]imre[ddi]. I fall [at (your) fee]tProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
. [May] you know that I am safe and sound, and with your greeting from the presence of the king, my lord, you–yourself brought back to me the breath of his mouth. I have heard your words that you sent me through ... [...] The war is very severe. [...] ...The king, our lord, has indeed been ea[rnestly ad]dressed from his lands, but the breath of his mouth does not reach his servants that are in the hinterlands-(countryside). Moreover, as to your ordering with regard to the land of AmurruAmurruAmurru and Martu are names given in Akkadian and Sumerian texts to the god of the Amorite/Amurru people, often forming part of personal names. He is sometimes called Ilu Amurru . He was the patron god of the Mesopotamian city of Ninab, whose exact location is unknown.-Description:Amurru/Martu was...
, "The word you hear from ther[e],—you must report to me," everyone [has] heard (that) [...] ....: ia-aq-wu-un-ka (he awaits you)." -EA 145, lines 1-29 (with lacunaeLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
)
EA 154, no. 9 of 10 of Abi-MilkuAbi-MilkuAbi-Milku was the only mayor/ruler of Tyre, Lebanon , during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence .He is the author of ten letters , EA 146-155 ....
This damaged letter is the 5th letter of Abi-Milku which discusses the affairs of Zimredda: ('ruler of Siduna'). His name appears in the end-lines damaged lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. He's also referenced as the 'ruler of Siduna,' line 14.
EA 154: "Orders carried out"
- "To the king, my lord: Message of Abi-MilkuAbi-MilkuAbi-Milku was the only mayor/ruler of Tyre, Lebanon , during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence .He is the author of ten letters , EA 146-155 ....
, [your] servant. I fall at the feetProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
of the king, [m]y lo[rd], 7 times and 7 times. I am the d[i]rt un(der) the sandalSandal (footwear)Sandals are an open type of outdoor footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps passing over the instep and, sometimes, around the ankle...
s of the king, my lord. I have heard what the king wrote to his servant, "Let my forces: [ia-k]u-(un) (be prepar(ed)) again[st] Yawa." What the king ordered, that I have carried out with the greatest joy. Moreover, since the departure of the troops of the king, my lord, from me, the ruler of Siduna does not allow me or my people to go to land to fetch woodWoodWood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many trees. It has been used for hundreds of thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression...
or to fetch waterWaterWater is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
for drinking. He has killed one man, and he has capt[ured] another. [ ... 8–line lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
]. May the king take cognizance of his servant." -EA 154, lines 1-20, and line 29 (lines 21-28, a lacuna)
See also
- Zimredda (Lachish mayor)
- Abi-MilkuAbi-MilkuAbi-Milku was the only mayor/ruler of Tyre, Lebanon , during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence .He is the author of ten letters , EA 146-155 ....
, mayor of Surru-(Tyre) - Rib-HaddaRib-HaddaRib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
, mayor of GublaByblosByblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...
-(ByblosByblosByblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...
) - Amarna letters–localities and their rulersAmarna letters–localities and their rulersThis is a list of the "Amarna letters" –Text corpus, categorized by: Amarna letters–localities and their rulers. It includes countries, regions, and the cities/or 'city-states' ...
External links
- Write-up of Letter EA 151, concerning Zimredda-(Sea peoples, Abi-MilkuAbi-MilkuAbi-Milku was the only mayor/ruler of Tyre, Lebanon , during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence .He is the author of ten letters , EA 146-155 ....
letter); see: Sea PeoplesSea PeoplesThe Sea Peoples were a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory during the late 19th dynasty and especially during year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty...