Zhumabay Shayakhmetov
Encyclopedia
Zhumabay Shayakhmetovich Shayakhmetov, , (30 August 1902 – 17 October 1966) was a Kazakh
Soviet Communist political figure. From 1946 through 1954, he was First Secretary of the Communist Party
of the Kazakh SSR
.
He was born to a poor peasant family in a small village in Borisov County (okrug
), which in 1924 was incorporated as one of the nine rural areas in the Sherbakulsky District
of the Omsk Oblast
. In 1915, he went to the two-year Kazakh-Russian school in what is now the Poltava Raion, graduating in 1917. He attended the Narimanov Institute in Moscow
, but did not complete his first year. In 1919, he got a job as a school teacher in a rural school, but the school closed due to the civil war
and he returned to his home.
From 1919 to 1926, Shayakhmetov was the secretary of the Turkoman Rural District executive committee of the GPU
. By 1923, he was already a first-rate agent, solving crimes in the Cherlaksky District, Omsk Oblast
. From 1926 to 1928, Shayakhmetov taught office management (official documentation) as the political instructor in a rural organization called "Koschi" in the Petropavl
Okrug. From 1928 to 1938, he worked for the NKVD
, first as Deputy Department Chief for the North Kazakhstan Oblast, then as the Deputy Department Chief for the Alma Ata Oblast
.
From 1938 to 1946, Shayakhmetov worked his way up from Third Secretary to First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
of the Kazakh SSR. He was the first ethnic Kazakh to hold that post. In March 1954, Shayakhmetov was replaced as First Secretary by Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko
, a Russian, as part of Khrushchev's
post-Stalin reorganization. For about a year, well into 1955, he was the First Secretary of the South Kazakhstan provincial
committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, before he was removed from that post as well.
He served as Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities (1950–1954).
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
Soviet Communist political figure. From 1946 through 1954, he was First Secretary of the Communist Party
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
of the Kazakh SSR
Kazakh SSR
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Kazakh SSR for short, was one of republics that made up the Soviet Union.At in area, it was the second largest constituent republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata . Today it is the independent state of...
.
He was born to a poor peasant family in a small village in Borisov County (okrug
Okrug
Okrug is an administrative division of some Slavic states. The word "okrug" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "district", or "region"....
), which in 1924 was incorporated as one of the nine rural areas in the Sherbakulsky District
Sherbakulsky District
Sherbakulsky District is an administrative and a municipal district , one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern portion of the oblast, on the border with Kazakhstan on the northern steppes. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban...
of the Omsk Oblast
Omsk Oblast
Omsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , located in southwestern Siberia. The oblast has an area of and a population of with the majority, 1.15 million, living in Omsk, the administrative center....
. In 1915, he went to the two-year Kazakh-Russian school in what is now the Poltava Raion, graduating in 1917. He attended the Narimanov Institute in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, but did not complete his first year. In 1919, he got a job as a school teacher in a rural school, but the school closed due to the civil war
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
and he returned to his home.
From 1919 to 1926, Shayakhmetov was the secretary of the Turkoman Rural District executive committee of the GPU
State Political Directorate
The State Political Directorate was the secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1934...
. By 1923, he was already a first-rate agent, solving crimes in the Cherlaksky District, Omsk Oblast
Cherlaksky District
Cherlaksky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 32 in Omsk Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the urban locality of Cherlak....
. From 1926 to 1928, Shayakhmetov taught office management (official documentation) as the political instructor in a rural organization called "Koschi" in the Petropavl
Petropavl
Petropavl is a city on the Ishim River in North Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia, about 261 km west of Omsk along the Trans-Siberian Railway. It is capital of the North Kazakhstan Province...
Okrug. From 1928 to 1938, he worked for the NKVD
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....
, first as Deputy Department Chief for the North Kazakhstan Oblast, then as the Deputy Department Chief for the Alma Ata Oblast
Almaty Province
Almaty is a province of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Taldykorgan, which has a population of 118,400. The province itself has 1,603,700 people.-Geography:...
.
From 1938 to 1946, Shayakhmetov worked his way up from Third Secretary to First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
of the Kazakh SSR. He was the first ethnic Kazakh to hold that post. In March 1954, Shayakhmetov was replaced as First Secretary by Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko
Panteleimon Ponomarenko
Panteleimon Kondrat'evich Ponomarenko ; 9 August 1902 18 January 1984) was a general in the Red Army before becoming a Soviet administrator in Belarus and then Kazakhstan. He was born in Krasnodar Krai, Russia....
, a Russian, as part of Khrushchev's
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
post-Stalin reorganization. For about a year, well into 1955, he was the First Secretary of the South Kazakhstan provincial
South Kazakhstan Province
South Kazakhstan Province is the southernmost province of Kazakhstan, with a population of 2,282,500 people. Its capital is Shymkent, with 539,600 people. Other cities in South Kazakhstan include Turkestan, Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Jetysu, Saryag'ash and Lenger...
committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, before he was removed from that post as well.
He served as Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities (1950–1954).