Xylophanes cosmius is a moth

Moth

A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...

 of the Sphingidae

Sphingidae

Sphingidae is a family of moths , commonly known as hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms, that includes about 1,200 species . It is best represented in the tropics but there are species in every region . They are moderate to large in size and are distinguished among moths for their rapid,...

 family. It is found from Ecuador

Ecuador

Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...

, Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

 and Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

 to western Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

.

The wingspan

Wingspan

The wingspan of an airplane or a bird, is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777 has a wingspan of about ; and a Wandering Albatross caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird.The term wingspan, more technically extent, is...

 is 40-45 mm. It is similar to Xylophanes amadis

Xylophanes amadis

Xylophanes amadis is large moth of the Family Sphingidae. It is found in Surinam, and westward through Guyana, Venezuela and Bolivia.The wingspan is about 80 mm. The abdomen has no dorsal median line and the subdorsal lines are represented only by small dark green spots on the posterior margins of...

, but the outer margin of the forewing is scalloped and more excavate below the apex. The abdomen is lacking subdorsal lines of spots on the posterior margins of the tergites and the lateral patches at the base of the abdomen are more poorly defined. The forewing upperside has the same general pattern but the discal spot is more conspicuous since it is surrounded by a small paler area. Furthermore, the darker cloud distal to discal spot is smaller, subtriangular and more well-defined. The fringes are chequered black and white.

There are at least three generations per year in Peru with adults on wing from January to February, July and October.

The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae

The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...

 and Malvaceae

Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...

species.