Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Encyclopedia
Margrave William of Baden-Baden (30 July 1593 – 22 May 1677) was regent of Baden-Baden between 1621 and 1677.
Born in Baden-Baden
, he was the eldest son of Margrave
Edward Fortunatus of Baden
and Maria of Eicken
. He was Geheimrat
, Generalfeldmarschall
and Imperial Kammerrichter of Speyer
, which gave him his nickname: Wilhelm der Kammerrichter. Wilhelm was also a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece
.
He raised his grandson and successor Ludwig Wilhelm
.
Wilhelm only received the Regency of Baden after the victory of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in the Battle of Wimpfen
over Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
, whose brother Ernst Friedrich had occupied Baden-Baden in 1594.
During the Regency of Wilhelm, Baden suffered from a terrible witch-hunt
. Between 1626 and 1631, some 244 persons, mostly women, were charged and 231 were condemned and burned.
In 1631, Wilhelm lost Baden to the Swedish General Gustav Horn and regained control only after the Peace of Prague (1635)
and the Peace of Westphalia
on 24 October 1648. During this fighting, Wilhelm was taken prisoner, but not recognized and released as an ordinary soldier.
He died in Baden-Baden in 1677.
.
Second marriage: Wilhelm I married in 1650 Countess Maria Magdalena of Oettingen (1619 - 31 August 1688), daughter of Count Ernst of Oettingen-Katzenstein.
Born in Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
, he was the eldest son of Margrave
Margrave
A margrave or margravine was a medieval hereditary nobleman with military responsibilities in a border province of a kingdom. Border provinces usually had more exposure to military incursions from the outside, compared to interior provinces, and thus a margrave usually had larger and more active...
Edward Fortunatus of Baden
Baden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
and Maria of Eicken
Maria of Eicken
Maria of Eicken was the wife of the Margrave Edward Fortunatus of Baden-Baden.- Life :...
. He was Geheimrat
Geheimrat
Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or principal courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the Geheimer Rat reporting to the ruler...
, Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall
Field Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used...
and Imperial Kammerrichter of Speyer
Speyer
Speyer is a city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located beside the river Rhine, Speyer is 25 km south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities...
, which gave him his nickname: Wilhelm der Kammerrichter. Wilhelm was also a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
.
He raised his grandson and successor Ludwig Wilhelm
Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Louis William, Margrave of Baden was the ruler of Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis...
.
Wilhelm only received the Regency of Baden after the victory of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in the Battle of Wimpfen
Battle of Wimpfen
The Battle of Wimpfen was a battle in the Bohemian Revolt period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen. The forces of the Holy Roman Empire and Catholic League under Marshal Tilly and Gonzalo de Córdoba defeated the Protestant forces of General Ernst von Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich,...
over Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
George Frederick of Baden-Durlach was Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1604 until his abdication in 1622. He also ruled Baden-Baden....
, whose brother Ernst Friedrich had occupied Baden-Baden in 1594.
During the Regency of Wilhelm, Baden suffered from a terrible witch-hunt
Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt is a search for witches or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic, mass hysteria and lynching, but in historical instances also legally sanctioned and involving official witchcraft trials...
. Between 1626 and 1631, some 244 persons, mostly women, were charged and 231 were condemned and burned.
In 1631, Wilhelm lost Baden to the Swedish General Gustav Horn and regained control only after the Peace of Prague (1635)
Peace of Prague (1635)
The Peace of Prague of 30 May 1635 was a treaty between the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and the Electorate of Saxony representing most of the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire...
and the Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the...
on 24 October 1648. During this fighting, Wilhelm was taken prisoner, but not recognized and released as an ordinary soldier.
He died in Baden-Baden in 1677.
Marriage and Children
First marriage: Wilhelm married on 13 October 1624 Princess Catherine Ursula of Hohenzollern–Hechingen (died 2 June 1640), daughter of Count John George of Hohenzollern-HechingenHohenzollern-Hechingen
Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a county and principality in southwestern Germany. Its rulers belonged to a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty.-History:...
.
- Ferdinand Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Baden (1625–1669), father of the famous general Louis William, Margrave of Baden-BadenLouis William, Margrave of Baden-BadenLouis William, Margrave of Baden was the ruler of Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis...
. - Leopold WilhelmLeopold Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-BadenMargrave Leopold Wilhelm of Baden-Baden was an Imperial Field Marschal.He was the second son of Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Catharina Ursula von Hohenzollern–Hechingen....
(1626–1671), Imperial field marshal - Philipp Siegmund (1627–1647), Knight HospitallerKnights HospitallerThe Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta , also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Roman Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalrous, noble nature. It is the world's...
- William ChristopherWilliam Christopher of Baden-BadenMargrave William Christopher of Baden was a margrave of Baden and canon at Cologne....
(1628–1652), Canon at Cologne - Hermann (1628–1691)
- Bernhard (1629–1648)
- Isabella Eugenie Klara (1630–1632)
- Catharina Franziska Henriette (1631–1691), a nun
- Claudia (1633-1633)
- Henriette (1634-1634)
- Anna (1634–1708)
- Maria (1636–1636)
- Franz (1637–1637)
- Maria Juliane (1638–1638)
Second marriage: Wilhelm I married in 1650 Countess Maria Magdalena of Oettingen (1619 - 31 August 1688), daughter of Count Ernst of Oettingen-Katzenstein.
- Philipp Franz Wilhelm (1652–1655)
- Maria Anna Wilhelmine (1655–1701), married Ferdinand August, Prince of Lobkowicz, whose granddaughter was Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis, whose great-great-great-granddaughter in turn was Queen Mary of Great BritainMary of TeckMary of Teck was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V....
. - Karl Bernhard (1657–1678), KIAKilled in actionKilled in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
at RheinfeldenRheinfeldenRheinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden. It is located 15 kilometres east of Basel. The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is located on the Hochrhein. It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in... - Eva
- Maria