Vaterländischer Künstlerverein - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Vaterländischer Künstlerverein was a collaborative musical

Classical music written in collaboration

In classical music, it is relatively rare for a work to be written in collaboration by multiple composers. This contrasts with popular music, where it is common for more than one person to contribute to the music for a song...

publication or anthology

Anthology

An anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler. It may be a collection of poems, short stories, plays, songs, or excerpts...

, incorporating 83 variation

Variation (music)

In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve harmony, melody, counterpoint, rhythm, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.-Variation form:...

s for piano

Piano

The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...

on a theme

Theme (music)

In music, a theme is the material, usually a recognizable melody, upon which part or all of a composition is based.-Characteristics:A theme may be perceivable as a complete musical expression in itself, separate from the work in which it is found . In contrast to an idea or motif, a theme is...

by Anton Diabelli

Anton Diabelli

Anton Diabelli was an Austrian music publisher, editor and composer of Italian descent. Best known in his time as a publisher, he is most familiar today as the composer of the waltz on which Ludwig van Beethoven wrote his set of thirty-three Diabelli Variations.-Early life:Diabelli was born in...

, written by 51 composers living in or associated with Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

. It was published in two parts in 1823 and 1824, by firms headed by Diabelli. It includes Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...

's massive Diabelli Variations

Diabelli Variations

The 33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli, Op. 120, commonly known as the Diabelli Variations, is a set of variations for the piano written between 1819 and 1823 by Ludwig van Beethoven on a waltz composed by Anton Diabelli...

, Op. 120 (a set of 33 variations), as well as single variations from 50 other composers including Carl Czerny

Carl Czerny

Carl Czerny was an Austrian pianist, composer and teacher. He is best remembered today for his books of études for the piano. Czerny's music was profoundly influenced by his teachers, Muzio Clementi, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Antonio Salieri and Ludwig van Beethoven.-Early life:Carl Czerny was born...

, Franz Schubert

Franz Schubert

Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer.Although he died at an early age, Schubert was tremendously prolific. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies , liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music...

, Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel was an Austrian composer and virtuoso pianist. His music reflects the transition from the Classical to the Romantic musical era.- Life :...

, Ignaz Moscheles

Ignaz Moscheles

Ignaz Moscheles was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he succeeded his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as head of the Conservatoire.-Sources:Much of what we know about Moscheles's life...

, Friedrich Kalkbrenner

Friedrich Kalkbrenner

Friedrich Wilhelm Michael Kalkbrenner was a German pianist, composer, piano teacher and piano manufacturer who spent most of his life in England and France. Before the advent of Frédéric Chopin, Sigismond Thalberg and Franz Liszt, Kalkbrenner was by many considered to be the foremost pianist in...

, Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...

(aged only 12 at the time of publication), and a host of lesser-known names including a son of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music...

and others now utterly forgotten.

Vaterländischer Künstlerverein has been translated variously as "Patriotic Artists' Association", "Art Association of the Fatherland", "Patriotic Culture Club", "Fatherland's Society of Artists", "National Artists' Association", "Native Artist's Association", "Native Society of Artists", and other variants.

Background

In 1819, the Viennese

Vienna

Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

publishing house of Cappi & Diabelli invited a number of Austrian composers to contribute one variation each for the piano, on a theme written by Anton Diabelli

Anton Diabelli

himself, one of the principals of the firm. Diabelli's theme is usually described as a waltz

Waltz

The waltz is a ballroom and folk dance in time, performed primarily in closed position.- History :There are several references to a sliding or gliding dance,- a waltz, from the 16th century including the representations of the printer H.S. Beheim...

, but in form it has more of the character of a Ländler

Ländler

The ländler is a folk dance in 3/4 time which was popular in Austria, south Germany and German Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.It is a dance for couples which strongly features hopping and stamping...

. Carl Czerny

Carl Czerny

was asked to also provide a coda

Coda (music)

Coda is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage that brings a piece to an end. Technically, it is an expanded cadence...

as a suitable way of rounding out the collection. Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

exceeded his brief by writing no less than 33 variations, and entered into negotiations with Diabelli to have his set published separately from the others. Beethoven's first biographer Anton Schindler wrote that the project was first devised in the winter of 1822-23, however this is an error, as Czerny's manuscript is dated 7 May 1819 and Franz Schubert

Franz Schubert

's variation is known to have been written in March 1821. Czerny's was the earliest variation to be written, and as he also wrote the coda, it is likely that Diabelli involved him in the project from the very beginning. It is also likely the invitations were sent not long before Czerny's contributions were written (May 1819), but certainly no later.

It is not known exactly what lay behind this project, other than perhaps a simple act of self-promotion, either for the firm or for Diabelli himself. The combined contributions were published as Vaterländischer Künstlerverein, in two parts. Part I was published by Cappi & Diabelli in June 1823, and consisted of Beethoven's 33 variations (now known as the Diabelli Variations

Diabelli Variations

, Op. 120), with a dedication to Mme Antonie von Brentano. By the time the second part was published, the two principals, Diabelli and Pietro Cappi had parted company, and Diabelli had joined with Anton Spina and renamed the firm Diabelli & Co. Part II was published in late 1823 or early 1824 by Diabelli & Co., and includes the other 50 variations and Czerny's coda.

It is also not known how many composers were approached, but 51 responded to the invitation. Some well-known names such as Ignaz Seyfried and Joseph Weigl

Joseph Weigl

Joseph Weigl , was an Austrian composer and conductor.The son of Joseph Franz Weigl , the principal cellist in the orchestra of the Esterházy family, he was born in Eisenstadt and studied music under Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri...

do not appear. Whether they were not interested in participating or whether they were not even approached is not known.

Leaving Beethoven's 33 variations to one side, 48 of the other 50 composers wrote only the one variation they were asked for. Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart , also known as F. X. Mozart, W. A. Mozart Son, or Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jr., was the youngest child of six born to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze. He was the younger of his parents' two surviving children...

and Gottfried Rieger wrote two variations each, but only one from each of them was originally published.

Part I - Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

's Diabelli Variations

Diabelli Variations

is considered one of the supreme masterpieces of the piano literature, and far superior to anything in Part II. It is frequently performed and recorded to this day.

Part II

The composers of Part II include some names still notable today, but most of them have been forgotten. The variations

Variation (music)

were numbered in strictly alphabetical order according to the then current spelling conventions. The full list follows, with particularly notable names highlighted:

Variation number	Composer	Vital dates	Time signature	Key signature	Tempo marking	Number of measures (including repeats)	Subtitle (if any)	Comments
Theme	Anton Diabelli Anton Diabelli Anton Diabelli was an Austrian music publisher, editor and composer of Italian descent. Best known in his time as a publisher, he is most familiar today as the composer of the waltz on which Ludwig van Beethoven wrote his set of thirty-three Diabelli Variations.-Early life:Diabelli was born in...	1781-1858	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	*Vivace*	64
1.	Ignaz Assmayer Ignaz Assmayer Ignaz Assmayer was an Austrian composer of liturgical music. An organist at St. Peter's Abbey in Salzburg, he lived in Vienna from 1815, and was in 1846 the conductor of the Court Orchestra. Assmayer was a friend of Franz Schubert.-Life:Assmayer was born at Salzburg... (or Aßmayer)	1790-1862	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Moderato	64
2.	Carl Maria von Bocklet Carl Maria von Bocklet Carl Maria von Bocklet was a composer and teacher of music. He studied with Bedřich Diviš Weber and moved to Vienna in 1821, where he "created a great stir...through his interesting free fantasias on the piano forte." In Vienna, Eduard Marxsen was one of his notable students...	1801-1881	2/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivace	64		Born in Prague, received recommendations from Beethoven, intimate friend of Schubert
3.	Leopold Eustachius Czapek Leopold Eustachius Czapek Leopold Eustachius Czapek was an Austrian pianist and composer. He was friends with Frédéric Chopin and corresponded regularly with him. Among his own compositions is a variation for Part II of the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.... (or Čapek)	1792-1840	3/8	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivace molto legato	64		A Bohemian, friend of Chopin
4.	Carl Czerny Carl Czerny Carl Czerny was an Austrian pianist, composer and teacher. He is best remembered today for his books of études for the piano. Czerny's music was profoundly influenced by his teachers, Muzio Clementi, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Antonio Salieri and Ludwig van Beethoven.-Early life:Carl Czerny was born...	1791-1857	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
5.	Joseph Czerny Joseph Czerny Joseph Czerny was a composer, pianist, and piano teacher. and Among his compositions is variation number 5 for Part II of the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein. Among his pupils were Leopoldine Blahetka and Ludwig van Beethoven's nephew, Karl...	1785-1842	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		No relation to Carl Czerny
6.	Moritz Graf von Dietrichstein	1775-1864	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Tempo vivo del Thema	64	Dedicated to "Jos. Sigg"
7.	Joseph Drechsler	1782-1852	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Adagio – Allegro	167	"Quasi overture"
8.	Emanuel Aloys Förster Emanuel Aloys Förster Emanuel Aloys Förster , was a composer and music teacher, who spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria.- Early life :...	1748-1823	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro	294	"Capriccio"	He died in November 1823; his posthumously published variation was his last composition
9.	Franz Jakob Freystädtler	1761-1841	9/8	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		A pupil of Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music... .
10.	Johann Baptist Gänsbacher Johann Baptist Gänsbacher Johann Baptist Gänsbacher , Austrian musical composer, was born in 1778 in Sterzing in the County of Tyrol.His father, a schoolmaster and teacher of music, undertook his son's early education, which the boy continued under various masters until 1802, when he became the pupil of the celebrated Abbé...	1778-1844	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
11.	Joseph Gelinek ("Abbé Gelinek")	1758-1825	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Presto	128
12.	Anton Halm	1789-1872	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Dolce	64
13.	Joachim Hoffmann	1788-1856	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivo	80	"Fugato"
14.	Johann Horzalka	1798-1860	3/4	A-flat major	Adagio	34
15.	Joseph Huglmann Joseph Huglmann Joseph Huglmann was a composer active in Vienna in the early nineteenth century. He wrote a variation , and the Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien had three piano compositions by his hand. Among his compositions is variation number 15 for Part II of the Vaterländischer... (or Hugelmann)	1768-1839	3/4	A-flat major	Allegro	64
16.	Johann Nepomuk Hummel Johann Nepomuk Hummel Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel was an Austrian composer and virtuoso pianist. His music reflects the transition from the Classical to the Romantic musical era.- Life :...	1778-1837	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
17.	Anselm Hüttenbrenner Anselm Hüttenbrenner Anselm Hüttenbrenner , was an Austrian composer. He was on friendly terms with both Ludwig van Beethovenhe was one of only two people present at his deathand Franz Schubert, his recollections of whom constitute an interesting but probably unreliable document in Schubertian biographical...	1794-1868	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro	63
18.	Friedrich Kalkbrenner Friedrich Kalkbrenner Friedrich Wilhelm Michael Kalkbrenner was a German pianist, composer, piano teacher and piano manufacturer who spent most of his life in England and France. Before the advent of Frédéric Chopin, Sigismond Thalberg and Franz Liszt, Kalkbrenner was by many considered to be the foremost pianist in...	1785-1849	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro non troppo	64		A German by birth, he lived in London and Paris.
19.	Friedrich August Kanne Friedrich August Kanne -Biography:Kanne was born on 8 March 1778 in Delitzsch, Saxony. He studied theology and medicine it Leipzig and Wittenberg, then literature and composition in Dresden. At the end of 1804, he moved to Vienna and worked briefly as a music tutor to Franz Joseph Maximilian of the House of Lobkowicz...	1778-1833	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
20.	Joseph Kerzkowsky	1791-?	3/4	F major F major F major is a musical major scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat . It is by far the oldest key signature with an accidental, predating the others by hundreds of years...	Moderato con espressione	64		He cannot be identified with certainty; he was formerly believed to be the Polish violinist Kaczkowski.
21.	Conradin Kreutzer Conradin Kreutzer Conradin Kreutzer or Kreuzer was a German composer and conductor. His works include the opera for which he is remembered, Das Nachtlager in Granada, and Der Verschwender, both produced in 1834.Kreutzer owes his fame almost exclusively to Das Nachtlager in Granada , which kept the stage for...	1780-1849	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivace	64
22.	Eduard Baron von Lannoy	1787-1853	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		Lannoy was an aristocratic amateur.
23.	Maximilian Joseph Leidesdorf	1787-1840	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivace	64		Also himself a publisher.
24.	Franz Liszt Franz Liszt Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...	1811-1886	2/4	C minor C minor C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. The harmonic minor raises the B to B. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with naturals and accidentals as necessary.Its key signature consists of three flats...	Allegro	64		See Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli (Liszt) Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli (Liszt) Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli , S.147, is a variation by Franz Liszt composed in 1822 and published in late 1823 or early 1824 as Variation No. 24 of Part II of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein, a collection of variations by 50 composers. All the variations were based on a waltz composed by Anton... , S. 147. He was aged only 7 at the time Diabelli sent out his invitations, and was still only 12 by the time Vaterländischer Künstlerverein was published. It is very likely that, being so young, he was not on Diabelli's invitation list, but that Carl Czerny, his teacher, arranged for his inclusion.
25.	Joseph Mayseder	1789-1863	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro	64		Violinist Violinist Violinist may refer to:A person who plays the violinList of violinistsViolinist *The Violinist, by Chagall... , member of the Schuppanzigh Ignaz Schuppanzigh Ignaz Schuppanzigh November 20, 1776 – March 2, 1830, was a violinist, friend and teacher of Beethoven, and leader of Count Razumovsky's private string quartet. Schuppanzigh and his quartet premiered many of Beethoven's string quartets, and in particular, the late string quartets. The Razumovsky... String Quartet String quartet A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players – usually two violin players, a violist and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group... . Peter Roennfeldt, The (50) Variations (not by Beethoven) on a theme by Diabelli—monstrosity or monument?, 9th Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference 2009
26.	Ignaz Moscheles Ignaz Moscheles Ignaz Moscheles was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he succeeded his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as head of the Conservatoire.-Sources:Much of what we know about Moscheles's life...	1794-1870	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
27.	Ignaz Franz Edler von Mosel	1772-1844	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		Custodian of the Imperial Library Austrian National Library The Austrian National Library , is the largest library in Austria, with 7.4 million items in its collections. It is located in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna; since 2005 some of the collections are located in the baroque Palais Mollard-Clary... .
28.	Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart , also known as F. X. Mozart, W. A. Mozart Son, or Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jr., was the youngest child of six born to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze. He was the younger of his parents' two surviving children...	1791-1844	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Con fuoco	64		He was a son of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music... and was referred to in the publication as "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart fils". He wrote two variations, only one being published; his second appears in later editions as Variation 28a.
29.	Joseph Panny Joseph Panny Joseph Panny was an Austrian composer and violinist who lived primarily in Vienna. A contemporary of Ludwig van Beethoven, very few of his works remain in the active repertoire today.- Compositions :...	1796-1838	6/8	A minor A minor A minor is a minor scale based on A, consisting of the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. The harmonic minor scale raises the G to G...	Allegro con brio	68
30.	Hieronymus Payer	1787-1845	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
31.	Johann Peter Pixis Johann Peter Pixis Johann Peter Pixis was a German pianist and composer born in Mannheim, Germany.He lived in Paris between 1825 and 1845, where he worked as a concert pianist...	1788-1874	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
32.	Wenzel Plachy	1785-1858	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Con fuoco	64		Bohemian organist
33.	Gottfried Rieger	1764-1855	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro ma no troppo	64		Musical director at Brno. He wrote two variations, the second of which was rejected but was printed in later editions as Variation 33a.
34.	Philipp Jakob Riotte Philipp Jakob Riotte Philipp Jakob Riotte was a German composer who lived primarily in Vienna. In the 1820s, his works were among the most-performed at the Theater an der Wien. He was a contemporary of Ludwig van Beethoven. Very few of his works remain in the active repertoire today.-Life:Philipp Jakob Riotte was...	1776-1856	3/4	F minor F minor F minor is a minor scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. The harmonic minor raises the E to E. Its key signature has four flats .... – F major F major F major is a musical major scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat . It is by far the oldest key signature with an accidental, predating the others by hundreds of years...	Allegro	92
35.	Franz Roser (Franz de Paula Roser)	1779-1830	6/8	A-flat major	None	32		A theatre conductor
36.	Johann Baptist Schenk Johann Baptist Schenk Johann Baptist Schenk was an Austrian composer and teacher.Schenk was born in Wiener Neustadt. While still a boy he composed songs, dances and symphonies, and became a proficient violinist and keyboard and wind instrument player. In 1773 he went to Vienna to study with Georg Christoph Wagenseil...	1753-1836	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Moderato	120	"Caprice"
37.	Franz Schoberlechner	1797-1843	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
38.	Franz Schubert Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer.Although he died at an early age, Schubert was tremendously prolific. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies , liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music...	1797-1828	3/4	C minor C minor C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. The harmonic minor raises the B to B. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with naturals and accidentals as necessary.Its key signature consists of three flats...	None	64		His variation is listed as D. 718 in the Deutsch catalogue of Schubert's works.
39.	Simon Sechter Simon Sechter Simon Sechter was an Austrian music theorist, teacher, organist, conductor and composer.Sechter was born in Friedberg , Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire, and moved to Vienna in 1804, succeeding Jan Václav Voříšek as court organist there in 1824. In 1810 he began teaching piano and voice...	1788-1867	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64	"Incitatio (or Imitatio) quasi Canon a 3 voci"
40.	Archduke Rudolf of Austria Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen Rudolf Johannes Joseph Rainier von Habsburg-Lothringen, Archduke and Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia was a Cardinal, an Archbishop of Olomouc, and a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.... (published anonymously as "S.R.D")	1788-1831	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro	136	"Fuga"	"S.R.D" stands for Serenissimus Rudolfus Dux, one of Rudolf’s titles. He was an amateur composer who was a student of Beethoven's and dedicatee of his Archduke Trio, Hammerklavier Sonata Piano Sonata No. 29 (Beethoven) Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 29 in B flat major, Op. 106 is a piano sonata widely considered to be one of the most important works of the composer's third period and among one of the great piano sonatas... and Emperor Concerto Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven) The Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, by Ludwig van Beethoven, popularly known as the Emperor Concerto, was his last piano concerto. It was written between 1809 and 1811 in Vienna, and was dedicated to Archduke Rudolf, Beethoven's patron and pupil...
41.	Maximilian Stadler Maximilian Stadler Maximilian Johann Karl Dominik Stadler, Abbé Stadler was an Austrian composer, musicologist and pianist....	1748-1833	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64
42.	Joseph von Szalay (or de Szalay)	1800-1860	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		A student of Förster, Hummel and Antonio Salieri Antonio Salieri Antonio Salieri was a Venetian classical composer, conductor and teacher born in Legnago, south of Verona, in the Republic of Venice, but who spent his adult life and career as a faithful subject of the Habsburg monarchy.... , and appeared as a pianist at age 9.
43.	Václav Tomášek Václav Tomášek Václav Jan Křtitel Tomášek, was a Czech composer and music teacher.-Life:As a pianist, he was an autodidact, becoming one of the most important piano teachers of Prague for a century. Until 1824 he worked as a piano teacher in aristocratic families...	1774-1850	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Tempo giusto	64	"Polonaise"	His name was shown as "Wenzel Johann Tomaschek".
44.	Michael Umlauf Michael Umlauf Michael Umlauf , was an Austrian composer, conductor, and violinist. His father, Ignaz Umlauf, was also a notable composer. His sister Elisabeth Hölzel had a career as a contralto and her son Gustav Hölzel was an important bass-baritone.Umlauf was born at Vienna. At an early age he became a...	1781-1842	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Presto	64
45.	Bedřich Diviš Weber Bedrich Diviš Weber Bedřich Diviš Weber , also known by the German form of his name, Friedrich Dionys Weber, was a Bohemian composer and musicologist primarily remembered as the first Director of the Prague Conservatory, in whose foundation he played a leading role.Weber studied philosophy and law in Prague...	1766-1842	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Con fuoco	64		His name was shown as "Friedrich Dionysius Weber".
46.	Franz Weber	1805-1876	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Brillante	64
47.	Carl Angelus von Winkhler	1796-1845	4/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Allegro con fuoco	64		An amateur composer at Pest
48.	Franz Weiss	1778-1830	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		Violist Violist -Notable violists:A* Julia Rebekka Adler * Sir Hugh Allen , conductor* Kris Allen * Johann Andreas Amon * Paul Angerer , composer* Steven Ansell * Atar Arad * Cecil Aronowitz... , member of the Schuppanzigh Ignaz Schuppanzigh Ignaz Schuppanzigh November 20, 1776 – March 2, 1830, was a violinist, friend and teacher of Beethoven, and leader of Count Razumovsky's private string quartet. Schuppanzigh and his quartet premiered many of Beethoven's string quartets, and in particular, the late string quartets. The Razumovsky... String Quartet String quartet A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players – usually two violin players, a violist and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group... .
49.	Jan August Vitásek Jan August Vitásek Jan Matyáš Nepomuk August Vitásek was a Bohemian composer....	1770-1839	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Un poco moderato	64		His name was shown as "Johann Nepomuk August Wittasek".
50.	Jan Václav Voříšek Jan Václav Voríšek Jan Václav Hugo Voříšek , was a Czech composer of classical music, pianist, and organist.-Life:...	1791-1825	3/4	C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	None	64		His name was shown as "Johann Hugo Worzischek".
Coda	Carl Czerny	1791-1857	3/4	Moves through various keys, ending in C major C major C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....	Vivace	199

Some of the composers gave no tempo indication, and they can be assumed to be played Vivace, as in the original theme.

Recordings and performances

Beethoven's Diabelli Variations

Diabelli Variations

have been recorded and performed innumerable times.

The remainder of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein has received very little attention since its publication. The complete set has been recorded by Rudolf Buchbinder

Rudolf Buchbinder

Rudolf Buchbinder is an Austrian classical pianist.-Biography:Buchbinder studied with Bruno Seidlhofer at the Vienna Academy of Music. In 1965 he made a tour of North and South America. In 1966 he won a special prize awarded at the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition...

and Doris Adam. Ian Fountain has recorded a selection of thirty-three of the variations (resequenced based on the order in which he performed them during a Berlin concert), preceded by Diabelli's theme and concluding with Czerny's coda. Martha Argerich

Martha Argerich

Martha Argerich is an Argentine pianist.-Early life:Argerich was born in Buenos Aires and started playing the piano at age three...

has performed excerpts in concert. In 2009 Professor Peter Roennfeldt performed the complete set in Brisbane.

Sources

Eric Blom
Eric Blom
Eric Walter Blom CBE was a Swiss-born British-naturalised music lexicographer, musicologist, music critic, music biographer and translator. He is best known as the editor of the 5th edition of Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians .-Biography:Blom was born in Berne, Switzerland...

(ed.), Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, it is the largest single reference work on Western music. The dictionary has gone through several editions since the 19th century...

, 5th ed. (1954), Vol. VIII, pp. 690-692
Naxos
IMSLP Score

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.