United States Army Recruiting Command
Encyclopedia
The United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) mission is to recruit
Army recruit
Recruit or army recruit is a term often colloquially used to refer to the lowest military rank in various armed services. It usually implies that the soldier so labeled has not yet completed basic training....

 the enlisted
Enlisted rank
An enlisted rank is, in most Militaries, any rank below a commissioned officer or warrant officer. The term can also be inclusive of non-commissioned officers...

, non-commissioned
Non-commissioned officer
A non-commissioned officer , called a sub-officer in some countries, is a military officer who has not been given a commission...

 and officer candidates
Officer Candidate
Officer Candidate is a rank in some militaries of the world that is an appointed position while a person is in training to become an officer. More often than not, an Officer Candidate was a civilian who applied to join the military directly as an officer...

 for service in the United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...

 and Army Reserve
United States Army Reserve
The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components of the United States Army....

. This process includes the recruiting, medical and psychological examination, induction, and administrative processing of potential service personnel.

The Recruiting Command is a field operating agency administratively responsible to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
The Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, Department of the Army, United States Army, also known as the G-1 is responsible for developing, management and execution of all manpower and personnel plans, programs and policies throughout the entire U.S. Army...

. The Command employs more than 7200 Active and Reserve Component recruiters at more than 1,600 recruiting stations across the United States and overseas. The Command is guided in its operations by the United States Mobilization Doctrine.

The Command includes is commanded by a Major General, and assisted by a Deputy Commanding General (Brigadier General), with five recruitment brigade
Brigade
A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment...

s and a number of support brigades in the Command.

General Paul Gorman’s (USA, ret.) in his institutional history of the US Army, The Secret of Future Victories, credits George C. Marshall as the architect of the modern version of the current system for personnel allocation. This system has often been criticised as one that encourage careerism in the officer and NCO corps.

History of US Army recruiting

Recruiting for the US Army began in 1775 with the raising and training of the Continentals to fight in the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...

 under Article I of the US Constitution. The Command traces its organisational history to 1822, when Major General Jacob Jennings Brown, commanding general of the Army, initiated the General Recruiting Service. For much of the rest of the 19th century recruitment was left to the regimental recruiting parties, usually recruiting in their regional areas as was the practice in Europe.

Up to the commencement of the American Civil War two types of forces existed in the United States that performed their own recruiting: those for the regular Federal service, and those for the state Militia service.
Due to severe shortage of troops after the first year of the war, conscription was introduced in both the Northern and Southern states to enable continuing of operations on a thousand-mile front. The conscription was first introduced in the South by President Jefferson Davis on the recommendation by General Robert E. Lee on 16 April 1862. The US Congress enacted by comfortable majorities the Enrollment Act of 1863, also known as the Conscription Act, on 3 March after two weeks of debate. As a result approximately 2,670,000 men were conscripted for federal and militia service by the Northern states.

The realisation that volunteers could never again be depended on for service was clear in the post-war analysis, but the dependence on them prevailed until the commencement of the First World War when President Woodrow Wilson, arguing for America’s exclusion from the European war, believed that there would be found sufficient volunteers to meet the nation’s military needs. However, European experiences with industrial warfare prevailed, and two years later the US Congress passed the Selective Service Act of 1917. There were two primary reasons for President Wilson approving conscription: he recognized the efficiency and equity of the draft over the difficult-to-manage system of inducting and training volunteers, and that by opting for conscription, he realised the possibility of blocking one of his leading political critics and opponents, former President Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...

 from raising a volunteer force to lead in France. The Act was however very selective in that "the draft ‘selected’ those men the Army wanted and society could best spare: 90 percent of the draftees were unmarried, and 70 percent were farm hands or manual hands.”

Conscription was again used to create a war-time Army from a small peace-time professional cadre in 1941, which eventually numbered 8.3 million personnel. However, there was a society-wide support for the conscription during the Second World War, in part due to efforts of the National Emergency Committee (NEC) of the Military Training Corps Association led by Greenville Clark who became known as the “Father of Selective Service.” The Congress, faced with imminent need to mobilize, still took three months of debate until finally passing the Selective
Training and Service Act (STASA) of 1940 in June. Nearly 50 million men registered and 10 million were inducted into armed forces under the Act.

Although the STASA was extended after the war, it ended on 31 March 1947, and the Army had to turn to recruiting volunteers again, requiring and estimated 30,000 volunteers a month, but seeing only 12,000 enlisting.
With the Cold War looming, the Congress authorised the Selective Service Act of 1948 to enable President Truman to provide for 21 months of active Federal service, with all men from ages 18 to 26 required to register. This Act was extended due to the start of the Korean War
Korean War
The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union...

, and replaced by the Universal Military Training and Service Act of 1951 by revising the earlier Act.

The new Act extended the president’s authority to induct citizens for four years, granted him the authority to recall reservists, lowered the draft age to 18, lengthened the term of service to two years, and cancelled deferments for married men without children.

With the end of the Korean War, the draft remained in force, but became increasingly unpopular although it continued to encourage volunteers and selected the bare minimum of annual recruits. Repeatedly renewed by overall majorities in Congress in 1955, 1959, and 1963, its final extension in 1967 was also passed by a majority of Congress, but only after a year of hearings and public debate. The US Army became an all-volunteer force again in 1973. During the years of the Vietnam War between From 1965 to 1973, there were 1,728,254 inductions through selective service. There was however a direct effect on public support for the draft that was high even after the Korean War to its low in early 1970s because

Draftees, who constituted only 16 percent of the armed forces, but 88 percent of infantry soldiers in Vietnam, accounted for over 50 percent of combat deaths in 1969, a peak year for casualties. Little wonder that the draft became the focus of anti-Vietnam activism.

With these political consequences in mind in 1969 President Nixon appointed a commission, led by former Secretary of Defense Thomas Gates, “to develop a comprehensive plan for eliminating conscription and moving toward an All Volunteer Armed Force.” However, even before this commission submitted its report on 13 May 1969, President Nixon informed the Congress that he intended to institute a reform that would see the draftees replaced with volunteers in his Special Message to Congress on Reforming the Military Draft. In February 1970, the Gates Commission released its favorable AVF report, which stated that

“We unanimously believe that the nation’s interests will be better served by an all-volunteer force, supported by an effective stand-by draft, than by a mixed force of volunteers and conscripts; that steps should be taken promptly to move in this direction.”


Facilitating the transition to an all-volunteer force, the Army created District Recruiting Commands (DRC) through the continental United States to direct the efforts of its recruiters among the civilian population. The DRC’s became “Battalions” in 1983.

Recruitment brigades

There are five recruitment, one medical recruitment and one recruitment support brigades in the Command. Each brigade consists of a number of battalions, with each battalion consisting of six to nine companies. A battalion, commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel, employs about 12 officers, 250 enlisted members, of which majority are on-production recruiters working from recruiting stations, and some 20 civilian support staff.

The recruitment brigade
Brigade
A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of two to five battalions, plus supporting elements depending on the era and nationality of a given army and could be perceived as an enlarged/reinforced regiment...

s and their battalion
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel...

s, are:
  • 1st Recruiting Brigade Northeast Region HQ located at Fort George Meade, MD
    • 1A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Albany, Watervliet
      Watervliet, New York
      Watervliet is a city in Albany County in the US state of New York. The population was 10,254 as of the 2010 census. Watervliet is north of Albany, the capital of the state, and is bordered on the north, west, and south by the town of Colonie. The city is also known as "the Arsenal City".- History...

      , NY
    • 1B U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Baltimore, Fort George G. Meade, MD
    • 1D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion New England, Topsham, ME
    • 1E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Harrisburg, New Cumberland Army Depot, PA
    • 1G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion New York City, Fort Hamilton
      Fort Hamilton
      Historic Fort Hamilton is located in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn surrounded by the communities of Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights, and Bensonhurst, and is one of several posts that are part of the region which is headquartered by the Military District of Washington...

      , NY
    • 1K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Mid-Atlantic, Lakehurst Naval Air Station, NJ
    • 1N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Syracuse, Syracuse
      Syracuse, New York
      Syracuse is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and the fifth most populous city in the state. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170, and its metropolitan area had a population of 742,603...

      , NY
    • 1O U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Beckley, Beckley
      Beckley, West Virginia
      Beckley is a city in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States, which was founded on April 4, 1838. The 2008 population was estimated to be 16,832 by the U.S. Census Bureau. Early in its history, the town was known as Beckleyville and Raleigh Court House...

      , WV

  • 2d Recruiting Brigade Southeast Region HQ located at Redstone Arsenal
    Redstone Arsenal
    Redstone Arsenal is a United States Army base and a census-designated place adjacent to Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama, United States and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area...

    , AL
    • 3A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Atlanta, Smyrna
      Smyrna, Georgia
      -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 40,999 people, 18,372 households, and 9,498 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,949.9 people per square mile . There were 19,633 housing units at an average density of 1,412.6 per square mile...

       GA
    • 3D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Columbia, Columbia
      Columbia, South Carolina
      Columbia is the state capital and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 129,272 according to the 2010 census. Columbia is the county seat of Richland County, but a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. The city is the center of a metropolitan...

      , SC
    • 3E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Jacksonville, Jacksonville
      Jacksonville, Florida
      Jacksonville is the largest city in the U.S. state of Florida in terms of both population and land area, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968...

      , FL
    • 3G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Miami, Miami
      Miami, Florida
      Miami is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625...

      , FL
    • 3H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Montgomery, Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base Annex, AL
    • 3J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Raleigh, North Carolina
      Raleigh, North Carolina
      Raleigh is the capital and the second largest city in the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 403,892, over an area of , making Raleigh...

      , NC
    • 3N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Tampa, Tampa, Florida
      Tampa, Florida
      Tampa is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County. Tampa is located on the west coast of Florida. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709....

      , FL
    • 3T U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
      Baton Rouge, Louisiana
      Baton Rouge is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is located in East Baton Rouge Parish and is the second-largest city in the state.Baton Rouge is a major industrial, petrochemical, medical, and research center of the American South...

      , LA

  • 3d Recruiting Brigade Upper Midwest Region HQ located at Fort Knox
    Fort Knox
    Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. The base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command, United States Army Cadet...

    , KY
    • 5A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Chicago, Great Lakes, Illinois, IL
    • 5C U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
      Cleveland, Ohio
      Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately west of the Pennsylvania border...

      , OH
    • 5D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
      Columbus, Ohio
      Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

      , OH
    • 5H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
      Indianapolis, Indiana
      Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...

      , IN
    • 5I U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Great Lakes, Lansing, Michigan
      Lansing, Michigan
      Lansing is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located mostly in Ingham County, although small portions of the city extend into Eaton County. The 2010 Census places the city's population at 114,297, making it the fifth largest city in Michigan...

      , MI
    • 5J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
      Milwaukee, Wisconsin
      Milwaukee is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the...

      , WI
    • 5K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Minneapolis, Fort Snelling, MN
    • 5N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
      Nashville, Tennessee
      Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County, in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home...

      , TN

  • 5th Recruiting Brigade South-central Region HQ located at Wainwright Station, Fort Sam Houston
    Fort Sam Houston
    Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas.Known colloquially as "Fort Sam," it is named for the first President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston....

    , TX
    • 4C U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Dallas, Irving, Texas
      Irving, Texas
      Irving is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within Dallas County. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 216,290. Irving is within the Dallas–Plano–Irving metropolitan division of the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area, designated...

      , TX
    • 4D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Denver, Denver, Colorado
      Denver, Colorado
      The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...

      , CO
    • 4E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Houston, Houston, Texas
      Houston, Texas
      Houston is the fourth-largest city in the United States, and the largest city in the state of Texas. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of . Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of , which is the ...

      , TX
    • 4G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
      Kansas City, Missouri
      Kansas City, Missouri is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties...

      , MO
    • 4J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
      Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
      Oklahoma City is the capital and the largest city in the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma...

      , OK
    • 4K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, TX
    • 4P U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
      Phoenix, Arizona
      Phoenix is the capital, and largest city, of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the sixth most populated city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data...

      , AZ

  • 6th Recruiting Brigade Western Region HQ located at North Las Vegas, Nevada
    North Las Vegas, Nevada
    North Las Vegas is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, located in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The city was incorporated on May 16, 1946.-Geography:...

    , NV
    • 6F U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Los Angeles, Encino, California, CA
    • 6H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Portland, Portland, Oregon
      Portland, Oregon
      Portland is a city located in the Pacific Northwest, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States...

      , OR
    • 6I U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Sacramento, Rancho Cordova, California
      Rancho Cordova, California
      Rancho Cordova is a city in Sacramento County, California, USA, that incorporated in 2003. It is part of the Sacramento Metropolitan Area. The population was 64,776 at the 2010 census. Rancho Cordova is the Sacramento area's largest employment sub-center, with a daily influx of over 45,000...

      , CA
    • 6J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah
      Salt Lake City, Utah
      Salt Lake City is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. The name of the city is often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,124,197...

      , UT
    • 6K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Southern California, Mission Viejo, California
      Mission Viejo, California
      Mission Viejo is a city located in southern Orange County, California, U.S. in the Saddleback Valley. Mission Viejo is considered one of the largest master-planned communities ever built under a single project in the United States, and is rivaled only by Highlands Ranch, Colorado, in its size...

      , CA
    • 6L U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Seattle, Seattle, Washington
      Seattle, Washington
      Seattle is the county seat of King County, Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country...

      , WA
    • 6N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Fresno, Fresno, California
      Fresno, California
      Fresno is a city in central California, United States, the county seat of Fresno County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 510,365, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California, and the 34th largest in the nation...

      , CA

  • U.S. Army Medical Recruiting Brigade, Fort Knox
    Fort Knox
    Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. The base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command, United States Army Cadet...

    , KY
    • 1st Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Meade, MD
    • 2nd Medical Recruiting Battalion Redstone Arsenal
      Redstone Arsenal
      Redstone Arsenal is a United States Army base and a census-designated place adjacent to Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama, United States and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area...

      , AL
    • 3rd Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Knox
      Fort Knox
      Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. The base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command, United States Army Cadet...

      , KY
    • 5th Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Sam Houston
      Fort Sam Houston
      Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas.Known colloquially as "Fort Sam," it is named for the first President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston....

      , TX
    • 6th Medical Recruiting Battalion Las Vegas
      Las Vegas metropolitan area
      The Las Vegas Valley is the heart of the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA also known as the Las Vegas–Paradise–Henderson MSA which includes all of Clark County, Nevada, and is a metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada. The Valley is defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a ...

      , NV
    • Special Operations Recruiting Battalion
    • Chaplain Recruiting Corps

  • Accessions
    United States Army Accessions Command
    The U.S. Army Accessions Command was established by general order on 15 February 2002. It is a subordinate command of TRADOC charged with providing integrated command and control of the recruiting and initial military training for the Army's officer, warrant officer, and enlisted forces...

    Support Brigade, Fort Knox, KY
    • Mission Support Battalion, Fort Knox, KY


Each recruiting battalion consists of recruiting companies in its area, with 243 companies currently providing recruiting facilities as offices and stations throughout United States and its territories.
The Command also conducts recruiting operations in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and at U.S. facilities in Panama, Europe, and Asia.

Command

Current key command personnel of the Command include:
  • Commander Major General Maj. Gen. David L. Mann
  • Deputy Commanding General Brig. Gen. Henry L. Huntley
  • Command Sgt. Maj. Todd A. Moore

Past commanders

  • Major General Thomas P. Bostick 2005
  • Major General Michael D. Rochelle – 2005
  • Major General Cavin, Dennis D. 2000
  • Major General Evan R. Gaddis 1998
  • General Maxwell "Mad Max" Reid Thurman 1979–1984 developed the service's "Be all that you can be" campaign.

Sources

  • van Creveld, Martin, The Transformation of War, The Free Press, New York, 1991
  • Vandergriff, Donald, Manning the Future Legions of the United States, Praeger Security International, London, 2008
  • Gates, Thomas, S., The Report of the President's Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1970 http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG265/images/webS0243.pdf

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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