United Nations Security Council Resolution 836
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
836, adopted on June 4, 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 713
(1991) and all subsequent resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia
, the Council expressed its alarm at the continuing situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
and decided to expand the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force
(UNPROFOR) allowing it to use force to protect the "safe areas
" as a result.
The Council reaffirmed Resolution 819
(1993) which demanded that a number of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina were treated as safe areas and also the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the country, condemning all military attacks and actions against it. It also expressed its alarm about the serious violations of international humanitarian law
including the acquisition of territory by force or by ethnic cleansing
which was unacceptable.
The resolution also reaffirmed the ban on military flights imposed in resolutions 781
(1992), 786
(1992) and 816
(1993) over Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the concept of the "safe areas" was in response to an emergency and would contribute to a lasting political solution, but not be an end in itself. It also stressed a lasting solution would be based on the end of hostilities, withdrawal from territories seized by force or by ethnic cleansing, the right of refugee
s to return to their homes and respect for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
, the Council called for the full implementation of all its previous resolutions and decided the expand the mandate of UNPROFOR to enable it to deter attacks against the safe areas, to monitor the ceasefire, to promote the withdrawal of military or paramilitary
units other than those of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and to occupy some key points on the ground in addition to providing humanitarian aid
provided for in Resolution 776
(1992). The safe areas imposed were temporary measures with the aim of reversing the consequences of violence and allow displaced persons to return home.
Addressing the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
, the Council asked him to make adjustments or reinforce UNPROFOR to implement the present resolution and to direct the UNPROFOR Force Commander to redeploy troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina, urging Member States to contribute to the peacekeeping
force both in terms of personnel and logistics. UNPROFOR was then authorised to take measures, including the use of force, in response to bombing, raids or the interference of UNPROFOR or humanitarian convoys in the safe areas.
The Council also authorised states to use all necessary measures, through air power, to support UNPROFOR around the safe areas. The Secretary-General was requested within 7 days to report on how the current resolution would be implemented and the costs involved. Within 2 months, Boutros-Ghali had to report on the implementation and enforcement of this resolution. Finally, the Council stressed the possibility of imposing new and tougher measures if necessary.
Resolution 836 was adopted by 13 votes to none, with two abstention
s from Pakistan
and Venezuela
.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
836, adopted on June 4, 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 713
United Nations Security Council Resolution 713
United Nations Security Council Resolution 713, adopted unanimously on September 25, 1991, after receiving representations from a number of Member States and commending the efforts of the European Community in the region, the Council decided to impose, under Chapter VII, an arms embargo on the...
(1991) and all subsequent resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia
Former Yugoslavia
The former Yugoslavia is a term used to describe the present day states which succeeded the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
, the Council expressed its alarm at the continuing situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
and decided to expand the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force
United Nations Protection Force
The United Nations Protection Force ', was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. It existed between the beginning of UN involvement in February 1992, and its restructuring into other forces in March 1995...
(UNPROFOR) allowing it to use force to protect the "safe areas
United Nations Safe Areas
United Nations Safe Areas were areas established in 1993 in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War by a resolution of the United Nations Security Council....
" as a result.
The Council reaffirmed Resolution 819
United Nations Security Council Resolution 819
United Nations Security Council Resolution 819, adopted unanimously on April 16, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 713 and all subsequent resolutions, the Council expressed concern at the actions of Bosnian Serb paramilitary units in towns and villages in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina,...
(1993) which demanded that a number of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina were treated as safe areas and also the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the country, condemning all military attacks and actions against it. It also expressed its alarm about the serious violations of international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
including the acquisition of territory by force or by ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic orreligious group from certain geographic areas....
which was unacceptable.
The resolution also reaffirmed the ban on military flights imposed in resolutions 781
United Nations Security Council Resolution 781
United Nations Security Council Resolution 781, adopted on October 9, 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 713 and all subsequent resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia, the Council decided to impose a ban on military flights in the airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina, acting in...
(1992), 786
United Nations Security Council Resolution 786
United Nations Security Council Resolution 786, adopted unanimously on November 10, 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 781 , the Council approved a recommendation by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to increase the strength of the United Nations Protection Force in Bosnia and...
(1992) and 816
United Nations Security Council Resolution 816
United Nations Security Council Resolution 816, adopted on March 31, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 781 , 786 concerning a ban on military flights over Bosnia and Herzegovina and recognising the current situation in the region, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations...
(1993) over Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the concept of the "safe areas" was in response to an emergency and would contribute to a lasting political solution, but not be an end in itself. It also stressed a lasting solution would be based on the end of hostilities, withdrawal from territories seized by force or by ethnic cleansing, the right of refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s to return to their homes and respect for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council called for the full implementation of all its previous resolutions and decided the expand the mandate of UNPROFOR to enable it to deter attacks against the safe areas, to monitor the ceasefire, to promote the withdrawal of military or paramilitary
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
units other than those of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power...
and to occupy some key points on the ground in addition to providing humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
provided for in Resolution 776
United Nations Security Council Resolution 776
United Nations Security Council Resolution 776, adopted on September 14, 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 743 and noting offers of assistance made by Member States since the adoption of Resolution 770 , the Council authorised an increase in the size and strength of the United Nations Protection...
(1992). The safe areas imposed were temporary measures with the aim of reversing the consequences of violence and allow displaced persons to return home.
Addressing the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996...
, the Council asked him to make adjustments or reinforce UNPROFOR to implement the present resolution and to direct the UNPROFOR Force Commander to redeploy troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina, urging Member States to contribute to the peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
force both in terms of personnel and logistics. UNPROFOR was then authorised to take measures, including the use of force, in response to bombing, raids or the interference of UNPROFOR or humanitarian convoys in the safe areas.
The Council also authorised states to use all necessary measures, through air power, to support UNPROFOR around the safe areas. The Secretary-General was requested within 7 days to report on how the current resolution would be implemented and the costs involved. Within 2 months, Boutros-Ghali had to report on the implementation and enforcement of this resolution. Finally, the Council stressed the possibility of imposing new and tougher measures if necessary.
Resolution 836 was adopted by 13 votes to none, with two abstention
Abstention
Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "blank vote", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by...
s from Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
and Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
.
See also
- Bosnian GenocideBosnian GenocideThe term Bosnian Genocide refers to either the genocide committed by Bosnian Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing campaign that took place throughout areas controlled by the Bosnian Serb Army during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War....
- Bosnian WarBosnian WarThe Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...
- Breakup of Yugoslavia
- Croatian War of IndependenceCroatian War of IndependenceThe Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900 (1993 – 1994)
- Yugoslav WarsYugoslav warsThe Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...