Ulmus 'Patriot'
Encyclopedia
The hybrid elm cultivar 'Patriot' http://www.usna.usda.gov/Newintro/Patriot1.html is a United States National Arboretum
introduction derived in 1980 from a crossing of the American hybrid 'Urban' with the Wilson's Elm (now treated as Japanese Elm
U. davidiana var. japonica) cultivar 'Prospector' and released to commerce, free of patent restrictions, in 1993. http://www.usna.usda.gov/Newintro/Patriot1.html
, with doubly serrate margins and typically acuminate apices; they are of an average size for the genus, < 10 cm long by 7.5 cm broad, glossy dark green turning yellow in autumn.
The perfect, apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in March. Flowering usually begins when the tree is aged six years.
Growth is vigorous, specimens in the USDA trials reaching a height of over 13 m (43 ft) and a spread of nearly 8 m (25 ft) after only 13 years. In an assessment at U C Davis as part of the National Elm Trial
, 'Patriot' increased in height by almost 1.5 m and d.b.h. by 2.5 cm per annum. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/cufr/products/CUFR_780_Elm_trials_2009.pdf
(DED), exhibiting 100% survival seven years after DED inoculation. Tolerance of the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
is generally regarded as only moderate, although specimens grown at the aforementioned trials at U C Davis were among those cultivars least affected; resistance to Japanese Beetle
is poor. When grown for 11 years among hundreds of infected American Elms in Delaware
, Ohio
, the clone showed no signs of susceptibility to Elm Yellows
.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola.
in the hot and arid climate of Holbrook
, eastern Arizona
http://www.for.nau.edu/cms/content/view/512/706/, it did not perform as well as the likes of 'Frontier' and 'Regal', but not as badly as others such as 'New Horizon' and 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'. In the cooler climes of Minnesota
, it was recommended for every forester's 'Top Ten' list of urban trees. 'Patriot' is extremely cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be - 38 °C. In trials in southern England
, 'Patriot' also proved resistant to ponding, surviving several months' inundation to a depth of 20 cm overwinter at a low-lying coastal site.
Propagation from softwood cuttings is easy; taken in mid-May, treated with a 3000 ppm IBA rooting hormone and placed under mist, < 95 % should root in less than four weeks. However, commercial propagation is commonly by grafting onto a Siberian Elm
Ulmus pumila rootstock. As height increase can rapidly outstrip stem width, lopping the stem above a leaf node and vertically training the new leader is recommended to make a more stable structure.
The tree is currently being evaluated in the National Elm Trial
http://treehealth.agsci.colostate.edu/research/nationalelmtrial/NET_Cultivars.htm coordinated by Colorado State University
. 'Patriot' was introduced to the UK and the Netherlands
in 2008, but will not be in commerce until 2012. Several small specimens were also introduced to Italy
in 2011 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
, Florence
.
United States National Arboretum
The United States National Arboretum is an arboretum in Washington, D.C., operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service as a division of the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center...
introduction derived in 1980 from a crossing of the American hybrid 'Urban' with the Wilson's Elm (now treated as Japanese Elm
Japanese Elm
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, the Japanese Elm, is one of the larger and more graceful Asiatic elms, endemic to much of continental north-east Asia and Japan.-Description:...
U. davidiana var. japonica) cultivar 'Prospector' and released to commerce, free of patent restrictions, in 1993. http://www.usna.usda.gov/Newintro/Patriot1.html
Description
The tree develops an upsweeping crown, ultimately adopting a narrow vase-shape. The leaves are slightly obovateLeaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
, with doubly serrate margins and typically acuminate apices; they are of an average size for the genus, < 10 cm long by 7.5 cm broad, glossy dark green turning yellow in autumn.
The perfect, apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in March. Flowering usually begins when the tree is aged six years.
Growth is vigorous, specimens in the USDA trials reaching a height of over 13 m (43 ft) and a spread of nearly 8 m (25 ft) after only 13 years. In an assessment at U C Davis as part of the National Elm Trial
National Elm Trial
The National Elm Trial is an American volunteer effort to evaluate a range of newly developed elm cultivars as replacements for elms destroyed by Dutch elm disease...
, 'Patriot' increased in height by almost 1.5 m and d.b.h. by 2.5 cm per annum. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/cufr/products/CUFR_780_Elm_trials_2009.pdf
Pests and diseases
'Patriot' has a very high resistance to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
(DED), exhibiting 100% survival seven years after DED inoculation. Tolerance of the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
is generally regarded as only moderate, although specimens grown at the aforementioned trials at U C Davis were among those cultivars least affected; resistance to Japanese Beetle
Japanese beetle
The beetle species Popillia japonica is commonly known as the Japanese beetle. It is about long and wide, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head...
is poor. When grown for 11 years among hundreds of infected American Elms in Delaware
Delaware, Ohio
The City of Delaware is a city in and the county seat of Delaware County in the United States state of Ohio. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816. It is located near the center of Ohio, is about north of Columbus, and is part of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area...
, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
, the clone showed no signs of susceptibility to Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. Elm Yellows, also known as Elm Phloem Necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm Yellows occurs in the Eastern United States and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which...
.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola.
Cultivation
The tree performs best in moist but well-drained soils, but will tolerate alkaline ground and salts http://www.usna.usda.gov/Newintro/Patriot1.html. In trials by Northern Arizona UniversityNorthern Arizona University
Northern Arizona University is a public university located in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, and has 39 satellite campuses in the state of Arizona. The university offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees.As of...
in the hot and arid climate of Holbrook
Holbrook, Arizona
-Historical events:*During 1881 & 1882, railroad tracks were laid down and a railroad station was built. The community was then named Holbrook after the first engineer of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad...
, eastern Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
http://www.for.nau.edu/cms/content/view/512/706/, it did not perform as well as the likes of 'Frontier' and 'Regal', but not as badly as others such as 'New Horizon' and 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'. In the cooler climes of Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
, it was recommended for every forester's 'Top Ten' list of urban trees. 'Patriot' is extremely cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be - 38 °C. In trials in southern England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, 'Patriot' also proved resistant to ponding, surviving several months' inundation to a depth of 20 cm overwinter at a low-lying coastal site.
Propagation from softwood cuttings is easy; taken in mid-May, treated with a 3000 ppm IBA rooting hormone and placed under mist, < 95 % should root in less than four weeks. However, commercial propagation is commonly by grafting onto a Siberian Elm
Siberian Elm
Ulmus pumila, the Siberian Elm, is native to Central Asia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Xizang , northern China, India and Korea . It is also known as the Asiatic Elm, Dwarf Elm and Chinese Elm. Two varieties are recognized: var pumila and var. arborea, the latter known as Turkestan elm...
Ulmus pumila rootstock. As height increase can rapidly outstrip stem width, lopping the stem above a leaf node and vertically training the new leader is recommended to make a more stable structure.
The tree is currently being evaluated in the National Elm Trial
National Elm Trial
The National Elm Trial is an American volunteer effort to evaluate a range of newly developed elm cultivars as replacements for elms destroyed by Dutch elm disease...
http://treehealth.agsci.colostate.edu/research/nationalelmtrial/NET_Cultivars.htm coordinated by Colorado State University
Colorado State University
Colorado State University is a public research university located in Fort Collins, Colorado. The university is the state's land grant university, and the flagship university of the Colorado State University System.The enrollment is approximately 29,932 students, including resident and...
. 'Patriot' was introduced to the UK and the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
in 2008, but will not be in commerce until 2012. Several small specimens were also introduced to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
in 2011 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante , or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , an Italian government organization with the aim of supporting scientific and technological research...
, Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
.
North America
- Arnold Arboretum. Acc. no. 136-98
- Bartlett Tree Experts. Acc. nos. 2001-252/3/4, 2001-492/3, 2003-965, 2003-1007/8, 00-224
- Brenton ArboretumBrenton ArboretumThe Brenton Arboretum 121 acres is a new arboretum and botanical garden in early stages of development, located at 2629 Palo Circle, Dallas Center, Iowa, USA. The Arboretum aims to display all Iowa native trees and shrubs suitable to the site, as well as many other tree species which can grow in...
, Dallas Center, IowaIowaIowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...
. 5 trees, acquired 2009. Acc. no. not known. - Chicago Botanic GardenChicago Botanic GardenLocated at 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, USA, the Chicago Botanic Garden is a living plant museum situated on nine islands featuring 24 display gardens and surrounded by four natural habitats: McDonald Woods, Dixon Prairie, Skokie River Corridor, and Lakes and Shores. The Garden is open...
, GlencoeGlencoe, IllinoisGlencoe is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 8,723. Glencoe is located on suburban Chicago's North Shore. Glencoe is located within the New Trier High School District. Glencoe is regarded as one of the most affluent suburbs on...
, IllinoisIllinoisIllinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
. 1 tree, in the Parking Lots. - Holden ArboretumHolden ArboretumThe Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, USA, is one of the largest arboretums and botanical gardens in the United States, with over 3,500 acres , 600 acres of which are devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make up the rest of the holdings...
. Acc. nos. 00-125, 2001-154. - Morton ArboretumMorton ArboretumThe Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, covers 1,700 acres and is made up of gardens of various plant types and collections of trees from specific taxonomical and geographical areas. It includes native woodlands and a restored Illinois prairie. The Arboretum has over 4,100 different species of...
. Acc. no. 122-2001. - U S National ArboretumUnited States National ArboretumThe United States National Arboretum is an arboretum in Washington, D.C., operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service as a division of the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center...
http://www.usna.usda.gov/index.htm, Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, USA. Acc. nos. 72141, 66830. - University of IdahoUniversity of IdahoThe University of Idaho is the State of Idaho's flagship and oldest public university, located in the rural city of Moscow in Latah County in the northern portion of the state...
Arboretum. Two trees. Acc. no. 2000090
Europe
- Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St JamesSutton St JamesSutton St James is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about south west of Long Sutton.Lying in the Lincolnshire Fens, Sutton St James did not exist at the time of Domesday Book of 1086...
, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, LincolnshireLincolnshireLincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, UK. Acc. no. 505 - Great Fontley Farm, FarehamFarehamThe market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area...
, UK, Butterfly ConservationButterfly ConservationButterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
Elm Trials plantation, Home Field. - Istituto per la Protezione delle PianteIstituto per la Protezione delle PianteThe Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante , or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , an Italian government organization with the aim of supporting scientific and technological research...
, FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, Italy. 2 small (<0.4 m) plants, (2011). - Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghThe Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Originally founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland — Edinburgh,...
, UK. Acc. no. 20110001
North America
- J. Frank Schmidt & Son http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=J.+Frank+Schmidt+&btnG=Google+Search&meta=, BoringBoring, OregonBoring is an unincorporated community located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 212. It is approximately eight miles south of Gresham and about the same distance from Clackamas, both suburbs of Portland. The town is roughly twenty-two miles southeast from downtown...
, OregonOregonOregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...
. - Johnson's Nursery http://www.johnsonsnursery.com/, Menomonee Falls, WisconsinWisconsinWisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is...
- Pea Ridge Forest http://www.pearidgeforest.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=plants.main&alphaKey=U-Z&whichName=genus&showIntro=0, HermannHermann, MissouriHermann is a city designated in 1842 as the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. It is near the center of the Missouri Rhineland and south of the Missouri River. The population was 2,674 at the 2000 census....
, MissouriMissouriMissouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It... - Sun Valley Garden Centre http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search],Eden Prairie, MinnesotaMinnesotaMinnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
. - Sunshine Nursery http://www.sunshinenursery.com/catalogue.htm, ClintonClinton, OklahomaClinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census.-History:The community began in 1899 when two men, J.L. Avant and E.E...
, OklahomaOklahomaOklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
.
Europe
- Bonte Hoek kwekerijen http://www.bontehoek.nl, GlimmenGlimmenGlimmen is a village that is part of the municipality of Haren, which lies in the province Groningen in the Netherlands. It is 10 kilometres to the city of Groningen and 5 kilometre to Haren. Glimmen has about 1700 inhabitants...
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, (from 2012).
External links
- http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf Summary, inc. photographs, of elm cultivars resistant to Dutch elm disease available in the USA.
- http://fletcher.ces.state.nc.us/programs/nursery/metria/metria11/warren/elm.htm Warren, K., J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co. (2002). The Status of Elms in the Nursery Industry in 2000.