Tállya
Encyclopedia
Tállya is a village
in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
county, Northern Hungary, 45 kilometres from county seat Miskolc
, in the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja
wine
district.
the village has a total area of 37.96 km² (15 sq mi).
settlers, who brought viticulture to the area; the name of the village possibly comes from the French
word taille (meaning "cutting", referring that the tres of forests on the hills had to be cut so that vine can grow there).
Tállya soon became the most important village of the Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district. A letter by Bishop Andrew from 1272 mentions that after the Mongol invasion (1241–42) Italians settled down in the area. Tállya also had a castle
by then, which has been destroyed since then, but some of the ruins still can be seen.
From 1584 Tállya's Protestant pastor was Gáspár Károli
, who was the first to translate the Bible
to Hungarian
.
In the 17th century Tállya was already mentioned as a town, surrounded by a wall and a moat
. In 1631 Ferdinand II
gave the town right to hold a market and exempted its citizens from taxes. In 1683 Imre Thököly
and his supporters met in Tállya during his fight to free Hungary from Habsburg
rule; after the freedom fight the imperial troops pillaged the area, which led to the Hegyalja uprising in 1697.
In a census from the mid-1780s Tállya was the largest town of Zemplén
county with a population of 4388. The quick development of the town was mostly due to its vineyards and its hospitality. Anyone who wanted to settle down in Tállya was exempt from paying taxes for 12 years if he plants a vineyard. Still Tállya lost its town rights in 1896 because it couldn't afford paying the expenses of being a town.
In 1928 a pyroxene
and andesite
mine was opened.
World War I and II claimed the lives of 110 and 87 Tállya soldiers, respectively. Soviet troops
occupied the village on December 14, 1944.
After the war the population started to decrease mostly because the village's distance from main roads, the lack of markets for wine, the decreasing price of wine, and the Socialist régime's industrial politics which tended to favor the major cities over smaller settlements. By 1980 Tállya had only 2815 residents.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
county, Northern Hungary, 45 kilometres from county seat Miskolc
Miskolc
Miskolc is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.- Geography :Miskolc is located...
, in the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja
Tokaj-Hegyalja
Tokaj-Hegyalja is a historical wine region located in southeastern Slovakia and northeastern Hungary. Hegyalja means "foothills" in Hungarian, and this was the original name of the region....
wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
district.
Geography
Tállya is located at 48°14′N 21°13′E. According to the 2001 CensusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
the village has a total area of 37.96 km² (15 sq mi).
Demographics
As of the census of 2001, there are 2205 people residing in the village; 98.4% Magyars, 1.3% Roma, and 0.3% other. The population density is 58/km². There are 1004 housing units at an average density of 26.44/km².History
The area has been inhabited since ancient times. The village was first mentioned in the 13th century. According to sme sources the area was settled by WalloonWalloons
Walloons are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium, important historical and anthropological criteria bind Walloons to the French people. More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon...
settlers, who brought viticulture to the area; the name of the village possibly comes from the French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
word taille (meaning "cutting", referring that the tres of forests on the hills had to be cut so that vine can grow there).
Tállya soon became the most important village of the Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district. A letter by Bishop Andrew from 1272 mentions that after the Mongol invasion (1241–42) Italians settled down in the area. Tállya also had a castle
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble...
by then, which has been destroyed since then, but some of the ruins still can be seen.
From 1584 Tállya's Protestant pastor was Gáspár Károli
Gáspár Károli
Gáspár Károli was a Hungarian Calvinist pastor.Károli started his school in Nagykároly and finished in Brassó. In 1556 he went to the Wittenberg Academy. In 1566 he ordered the Synod of Gönc....
, who was the first to translate the Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
to Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
.
In the 17th century Tállya was already mentioned as a town, surrounded by a wall and a moat
Moat
A moat is a deep, broad ditch, either dry or filled with water, that surrounds a castle, other building or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. In some places moats evolved into more extensive water defences, including natural or artificial lakes, dams and sluices...
. In 1631 Ferdinand II
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :...
gave the town right to hold a market and exempted its citizens from taxes. In 1683 Imre Thököly
Imre Thököly
Count Imre Thököly de Késmárk was a Hungarian statesman, leader of an anti-Habsburg uprising, Prince of Transylvania, and vassal king of Upper Hungary.- Early life :Imre Thököly was born at Késmárk, Royal Hungary Count Imre Thököly de Késmárk (Thököly/Tököly/Tökölli Imre in Hungarian, Mirko...
and his supporters met in Tállya during his fight to free Hungary from Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
rule; after the freedom fight the imperial troops pillaged the area, which led to the Hegyalja uprising in 1697.
In a census from the mid-1780s Tállya was the largest town of Zemplén
Zemplén
Zemplén may refer to:*a historical region of the Kingdom of Hungary, see Zemplén *the part of the historical region in present-day Hungary, now part of the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county*Zemplín...
county with a population of 4388. The quick development of the town was mostly due to its vineyards and its hospitality. Anyone who wanted to settle down in Tállya was exempt from paying taxes for 12 years if he plants a vineyard. Still Tállya lost its town rights in 1896 because it couldn't afford paying the expenses of being a town.
In 1928 a pyroxene
Pyroxene
The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. They share a common structure consisting of single chains of silica tetrahedra and they crystallize in the monoclinic and orthorhombic systems...
and andesite
Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite,...
mine was opened.
World War I and II claimed the lives of 110 and 87 Tállya soldiers, respectively. Soviet troops
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
occupied the village on December 14, 1944.
After the war the population started to decrease mostly because the village's distance from main roads, the lack of markets for wine, the decreasing price of wine, and the Socialist régime's industrial politics which tended to favor the major cities over smaller settlements. By 1980 Tállya had only 2815 residents.
Trivia
- Prince Francis II RákócziFrancis II RákócziFrancis II Rákóczi Hungarian aristocrat, he was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs in 1703-11 as the prince of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was also Prince of Transylvania, an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden...
presented Louis XIV of FranceLouis XIV of FranceLouis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
with Tállya wine. The king allegedly said: "This is the king of wines, the wine of kings!" - Another legend says that at the Council of TrentCouncil of TrentThe Council of Trent was the 16th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important councils. It convened in Trent between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods...
a Hungarian bishop gave a taste of Tállya wine to Pope Pius IVPope Pius IVPope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent.-Biography:...
, who said Summum pontificem talia vina decent – a LatinLatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
word play meaning "Tállya wine / This kind of wine is worthy to be on His Holiness' table!" - It has been said that Lajos KossuthLajos KossuthLajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.-Family:Lajos...
was baptized in Tállya in 1802, since his hometown MonokMonokMonok is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungary and is part of the Tokaj wine region.-Geography:The nearest town is Szerencs away. Neighbouring villages are Golop away, Legyesbénye away and Tállya away....
didn't have a Protestant church. Recently this proved to be only a legend. - Tállya is also said to be the geometrical centre of Europe, but since many other places claim this distinction, it seem to depend on what countries and areas one counts as Europeans.
External links
- Lavotta Guest House (in Hungarian, English, German)
- Map of the village
- A short description of the area
- Official site (Hungarian only)