Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo
Encyclopedia
Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo is the seat of the municipality
of Tultitlán located in the northeastern part of the state of México
in Mexico
. It lies adjacent to the northern tip of the Federal District (Distrito Federal)
and is part of the Greater Mexico City
urban area. Both the city and the municipality are interchangeably known as San Antonio Tultitlán or simply Tultitlán, a name which comes from Náhuatl
meaning "among the tule plants". "de Mariano Escobedo" was added to the city's name in 1902 in honor of the general who fought in the Mexican-American War and for the liberals during the period of La Reforma
with Benito Juárez
.
and other animals, excavated starting in 1991. It is an important site because it establishes the presence of man here to about 15000 - 13000BC, making it one of the oldest human settlements in the Americas. Ceramic pieces here date to about 400BC. Teotihuacan
presence is documented around 200 to 750 AD, mostly agricultural villages that also produced items like baskets and rope. Between 850 to 1110, the area was inhabited by peoples speaking Náhuatl and Otomi
s, while the area was under Toltec
domination from the city of Tula
(located in the present-day state of Hidalgo). The current city was founded by the Tepanecas in 1356, but its first tlatoani
(chief), named Cuauhtzinteuctli, did not begin his rule until 1408. The city's last tlatoani died in 1519 of measles
brought over by the Spanish. After the Spanish Conquest, the area was reorganized into large hacienda
s with the city of Tultitlán under the jurisdiction of Tacuba
. The village became a parish in 1605. In 1645, an image of San Antonio de Padua arrived and became the town's patron saint. The small village remained so until 1969 when it was named a town, attaining city status in 1997. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 31,936.
Principal sites to see in the city include the Temple of San Lorenzo from the 16th century and modifications dating from the 18th century to the 20th century. The Temple of San Antonio de Padua was initiated in the 18th century and finished in the 20th. The Chapel of the Holy Cross (Capilla de la Santa Cruz) was probably begun in the 17th century and is now integrated into the new municipal palace. Aside from these constructions is a cypress
(ahuehuete) located in the center of the city that is at least 250 years old.
, and Fuentes del Valle
. There was a total population of 524,074 in the municipality in 2010. It has the distinction of being the only municipality in Mexico that has two cities (localities) of over 100,000 population (Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas). It is also the only municipality with three localities of over 70,000 inhabitants (adding Fuentes del Valle), and the only one with four localities of over 30,000 (adding Tultitlán de Mario Escobedo, its own municipal seat). Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas are also the second- and third-largest cities (localities) in Mexico that are not a municipal seat (after Ojo de Agua, Tecámac Municipality, State of México
).
The municipality was established in 1820. It has two geographically separate sections. The larger southwestern section of the municipality, which contains its municipal seat, borders the municipalities of Cuautitlán
, Tultepec
, Coacalco de Berriozábal, Tlalnepantla
, Cuautitlán Izcalli
and the Gustavo A. Madero
borough of Mexico City. The geographically separate northeastern section, which contains San Pablo de las Salinas
, Paraje San Pablito, and Las Chinampas, is also bordered by Ecatepec de Morelos
, Jaltenco
, and Nextlalpan
. The two sections are separated by the municipalities of Tultepec and Coacalco, which border both sections. The municipality has a territory of 71.1 km² (27.45 sq mi).
The area is subtropical due to its altitude with rainy and dry seasons. It divides into two geographic zones: the plains and the mountain range of La Sierra de Guadalupe, which extendes into various other municipalities and was declared an ecological park. The area is a source of building materials such as stone, and agricultural activities such as the grown of corn, alfalfa and fruit trees is still practiced. However, the urbanization of the area is diminishing the land dedicated to these activities. Industry is now the major employer with entities devoted to chemicals, cardbord boxes, plastics, and various types of metal production.
Municipalities of Mexico
Municipalities are the second-level administrative division in Mexico . There are 2,438 municipalities in Mexico, making the average municipality population 45,616...
of Tultitlán located in the northeastern part of the state of México
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. It lies adjacent to the northern tip of the Federal District (Distrito Federal)
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
and is part of the Greater Mexico City
Greater Mexico City
Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Mexico City Metropolitan Area , constituted by the Federal District—itself composed of 16 boroughs—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo...
urban area. Both the city and the municipality are interchangeably known as San Antonio Tultitlán or simply Tultitlán, a name which comes from Náhuatl
Nahuatl
Nahuatl is thought to mean "a good, clear sound" This language name has several spellings, among them náhuatl , Naoatl, Nauatl, Nahuatl, Nawatl. In a back formation from the name of the language, the ethnic group of Nahuatl speakers are called Nahua...
meaning "among the tule plants". "de Mariano Escobedo" was added to the city's name in 1902 in honor of the general who fought in the Mexican-American War and for the liberals during the period of La Reforma
La Reforma
La Reforma was a period halfway through the 19th century in the history of Mexico that was characterized by liberal reforms and the transformation of Mexico into a nation state...
with Benito Juárez
Benito Juárez
Benito Juárez born Benito Pablo Juárez García, was a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served five terms as president of Mexico: 1858–1861 as interim, 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872...
.
The city
In the area have been found the bones of mammothMammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus. These proboscideans are members of Elephantidae, the family of elephants and mammoths, and close relatives of modern elephants. They were often equipped with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair...
and other animals, excavated starting in 1991. It is an important site because it establishes the presence of man here to about 15000 - 13000BC, making it one of the oldest human settlements in the Americas. Ceramic pieces here date to about 400BC. Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas...
presence is documented around 200 to 750 AD, mostly agricultural villages that also produced items like baskets and rope. Between 850 to 1110, the area was inhabited by peoples speaking Náhuatl and Otomi
Otomi language
Otomi is an Oto-Manguean language and one of the indigenous languages of Mexico, spoken by approximately 240,000 indigenous Otomi people in the central altiplano region of Mexico. The language is spoken in many different dialects, some of which are not mutually intelligible, therefore it is in...
s, while the area was under Toltec
Toltec
The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology...
domination from the city of Tula
Tula, Hidalgo
Tula, formally, Tula de Allende, is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 305.8 km² , and as of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 93,296, with 28,432 in the town...
(located in the present-day state of Hidalgo). The current city was founded by the Tepanecas in 1356, but its first tlatoani
Tlatoani
Tlatoani is the Nahuatl term for the ruler of an altepetl, a pre-Hispanic state. The word literally means "speaker", but may be translated into English as "king". A is a female ruler, or queen regnant....
(chief), named Cuauhtzinteuctli, did not begin his rule until 1408. The city's last tlatoani died in 1519 of measles
Measles
Measles, also known as rubeola or morbilli, is an infection of the respiratory system caused by a virus, specifically a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. Morbilliviruses, like other paramyxoviruses, are enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses...
brought over by the Spanish. After the Spanish Conquest, the area was reorganized into large hacienda
Hacienda
Hacienda is a Spanish word for an estate. Some haciendas were plantations, mines, or even business factories. Many haciendas combined these productive activities...
s with the city of Tultitlán under the jurisdiction of Tacuba
Tacuba
Tacuba is a municipality in the Ahuachapán department of El Salvador.-Church Of Tacuba:It is located in Villa of Tacuba. It is head of the municipality of the same name in the department of Ahuachapán, at about 14 Kilometers of the city of Ahuachapán and at 700 meters over the sea level...
. The village became a parish in 1605. In 1645, an image of San Antonio de Padua arrived and became the town's patron saint. The small village remained so until 1969 when it was named a town, attaining city status in 1997. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 31,936.
Principal sites to see in the city include the Temple of San Lorenzo from the 16th century and modifications dating from the 18th century to the 20th century. The Temple of San Antonio de Padua was initiated in the 18th century and finished in the 20th. The Chapel of the Holy Cross (Capilla de la Santa Cruz) was probably begun in the 17th century and is now integrated into the new municipal palace. Aside from these constructions is a cypress
Cypress
Cypress is the name applied to many plants in the cypress family Cupressaceae, which is a conifer of northern temperate regions. Most cypress species are trees, while a few are shrubs...
(ahuehuete) located in the center of the city that is at least 250 years old.
The municipality
As municipal seat, the city has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Buenavista, Sierra de Guadalupe (Loma Sta. Ma. Guadalupe), San Pablo de las Salinas, Fuentes del Valle, Ampliación San Mateo (Colonia Solidaridad), El Cerrito (La Capilla), Colonia Lázaro Cárdenas (Los Hornos), Ejido la Reyna (La Reyna), Ejido de San Antonio Tultitlán, Paraje San Pablito, and Las Chinampas. The largest of these are Buenavista, San Pablo de las SalinasSan Pablo de las Salinas
San Pablo de las Salinas is the second-largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in the state of México in the nation of Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 189,453 inhabitants, or 36.15% of the municipal population. The town lies near the...
, and Fuentes del Valle
Fuentes del Valle, Mexico State
Fuentes del Valle is the third-largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in Mexico State, Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 74,087 inhabitants...
. There was a total population of 524,074 in the municipality in 2010. It has the distinction of being the only municipality in Mexico that has two cities (localities) of over 100,000 population (Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas). It is also the only municipality with three localities of over 70,000 inhabitants (adding Fuentes del Valle), and the only one with four localities of over 30,000 (adding Tultitlán de Mario Escobedo, its own municipal seat). Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas are also the second- and third-largest cities (localities) in Mexico that are not a municipal seat (after Ojo de Agua, Tecámac Municipality, State of México
Ojo de Agua, Mexico State
Ojo de Agua is the largest town in the municipality of Tecámac in Mexico State, Mexico. It is located in the northeastern part of the state, northeast of the Federal District and within the Greater Mexico City urban area. It had a 2010 census population of 242,272 inhabitants, or 66.45 percent of...
).
Towns and villages
Localities (cities, towns, and villages) are:| Name | 2010 Census Population |
|---|---|
| Buenavista Buenavista, Mexico State Buenavista is the largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in Mexico State, Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 206,081 inhabitants, or 39.32% of its municipal population of 524,074. The town lies near the northern tip of the Federal... |
206,081 |
| San Pablo de las Salinas San Pablo de las Salinas San Pablo de las Salinas is the second-largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in the state of México in the nation of Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 189,453 inhabitants, or 36.15% of the municipal population. The town lies near the... |
189,453 |
| Fuentes del Valle Fuentes del Valle, Mexico State Fuentes del Valle is the third-largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in Mexico State, Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 74,087 inhabitants... |
74,087 |
| Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo | 31,936 |
| Ampliación San Mateo (Colonia Solidaridad) | 16,250 |
| Colonia Lázaro Cárdenas (Los Hornos) | 3,337 |
| Sierra de Guadalupe | 2,011 |
| Paraje San Pablito | 438 |
| Las Chinampas | 325 |
| Ejido de San Antonio Tultitlán | 155 |
| El Cerrito (La Capilla) | 1 |
| Total Municipality | 524,074 |
The municipality was established in 1820. It has two geographically separate sections. The larger southwestern section of the municipality, which contains its municipal seat, borders the municipalities of Cuautitlán
Cuautitlán
Cuautitlán is a city and municipality in the State of Mexico, just north of the northern tip of the Federal District within the Greater Mexico City urban area. The city has engulfed most of the municipality, making the two synonymous...
, Tultepec
Tultepec
Tultepec is a city and municipality located in State of Mexico, Mexico. It lies directly north of the Federal District in the northeastern part of the State of Mexico. making it is part of the Greater Mexico City urban area. The name comes from Náhuatl meaning 'hill of the tule plant'...
, Coacalco de Berriozábal, Tlalnepantla
Tlalnepantla
Tlalnepantla could refer to one of two places in the Republic of Mexico:* Tlalnepantla de Baz, a town in the state of México.* Tlalnepantla, Morelos, a town and municipality in the state of Morelos....
, Cuautitlán Izcalli
Cuautitlán Izcalli
Cuautitlán Izcalli is a city and municipality in Mexico State, Mexico. The name comes from Náhuatl and means 'your house between the trees.' -City and municipal seat:...
and the Gustavo A. Madero
Gustavo A. Madero, D.F.
Gustavo A. Madero is one of the 16 delegaciones into which Mexico's Federal District is divided.-Origins:Founded as "Villa de Guadalupe" in 1563, it became the city of "Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo" in 1828, and finally a delegación in 1931; as such, it was named after Gustavo A. Madero, the brother...
borough of Mexico City. The geographically separate northeastern section, which contains San Pablo de las Salinas
San Pablo de las Salinas
San Pablo de las Salinas is the second-largest town in Tultitlán Municipality in the state of México in the nation of Mexico. The town is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 189,453 inhabitants, or 36.15% of the municipal population. The town lies near the...
, Paraje San Pablito, and Las Chinampas, is also bordered by Ecatepec de Morelos
Ecatepec de Morelos
Ecatepec City, once officially San Cristóbal Ecatepec de Morelos, is a city in the State of México and the seat of Ecatepec de Morelos Municipality; however, both the city and the municipality are often known simply as "Ecatepec". The name "Ecatepec" is derived from Nahuatl, and means "windy hill"....
, Jaltenco
Jaltenco
Jaltenco is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 3.3 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 26,359....
, and Nextlalpan
Nextlalpan
Nextlalpan is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 42.49 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 22,507....
. The two sections are separated by the municipalities of Tultepec and Coacalco, which border both sections. The municipality has a territory of 71.1 km² (27.45 sq mi).
The area is subtropical due to its altitude with rainy and dry seasons. It divides into two geographic zones: the plains and the mountain range of La Sierra de Guadalupe, which extendes into various other municipalities and was declared an ecological park. The area is a source of building materials such as stone, and agricultural activities such as the grown of corn, alfalfa and fruit trees is still practiced. However, the urbanization of the area is diminishing the land dedicated to these activities. Industry is now the major employer with entities devoted to chemicals, cardbord boxes, plastics, and various types of metal production.
External links
- Ayuntamiento de Tultitlán Official website