Tubby Hayes
Encyclopedia
Edward Brian "Tubby" Hayes (30 January 1935 – 8 June 1973) was an English
jazz
multi-instrumentalist, best known for his tenor saxophone
playing in groups with fellow sax player Ronnie Scott
and with trumpeter Jimmy Deuchar
. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest British jazz instrumentalists.
, and brought up in London
. His father was a BBC
studio violinist who gave his son violin
lessons from an early age. By the age of ten Hayes was playing the piano
, and started on the tenor sax at eleven.
One much repeated story about Hayes' early career was told by Ronnie Scott
. Scott was playing at a club near Kingston, and was asked whether he minded if a local player sat in: "This little boy came up, not much bigger than his tenor sax. Rather patronisingly I suggested a number and off he went. He scared me to death."
After a period spent playing with various semi-professional bands around London, Hayes left school and started playing professionally at the age of fifteen.
sextet, later playing for big-band
leaders such as Ambrose
, Terry Brown
, Tito Burns
, Roy Fox
, Vic Lewis
, and Jack Parnell
. In 1955 he formed his own octet, with which he toured the UK for eighteen months. Hayes took up flute
and vibraphone
during this time, but it was as a tenor-saxophone player that he made and retained his reputation.
From 1957 to 1959 he joined Ronnie Scott in co-leading a quintet, The Jazz Couriers
, perhaps the most fondly remembered of British Modern Jazz groups. Subsequently, Hayes reformed his quartet, and toured Germany
with Kurt Edelhagen
. Then in 1961 he was invited to play at the Half Note Club
in New York
; a new transatlantic Musicians' Union agreement meant that, in exchange, Zoot Sims
played at Ronnie Scott's. While in America, Hayes recorded (Tubbs in NY) with Clark Terry
, Eddie Costa
, and Horace Parlan
, and in 1962 he returned for another visit, this time recording Return Visit with James Moody
, Roland Kirk, Walter Bishop Jr, Sam Jones
, and Louis Hayes
. He played at the Half Note again in 1964, and at the Boston Jazz Workshop the same year, and at Shelly Manne
's Manne-Hole in Los Angeles in 1965.
Back in London, Hayes formed his own big band, working in television
, film
, and radio
, and even having his own television series (1961–1962, and 1963). He stood in for Paul Gonsalves
in February 1964 (with whom he also recorded twice in 1965 (Just Friends and Change of Setting)) when the Ellington
orchestra played at the Royal Festival Hall
.
As well as leading his own bands and recording under his own name, Hayes also appears on recordings by other UK jazz musicians, such as the Harry South
Big Band, the Ian Hamer Sextet and later studio sessions by Ted Heath’s Orchestra. Hayes was also a prolific session musician in many genres. Among his many credits, Hayes led the brass section on the sessions for Music in a Doll's House
, the acclaimed 1967 debut album by rock band Family
, on which the young Mike Batt
arranged the strings and brass. Batt credits Hayes with saving his brass arrangement on the track "Old Songs for New Songs", which was his first major recording session as an arranger—on the first take, he discovered he had inadvertently notated the parts in the wrong key but Hayes and his colleagues, realizing his mistake, discreetly transposed their parts by ear so that they would match the backing track.
Hayes appeared in a number of films, including All Night Long
(1961) with Charles Mingus
and Dave Brubeck
, and (with his group) in A King in New York
, by Charles Chaplin (1957), The Beauty Jungle
(1964) and Dr Terror's House of Horrors (1965). He also played at a wide range of jazz festivals, including Reading
, Windsor
, Antibes
, Lugano
, Vienna
, and Berlin
.
Despite all this, regular gigs were hard to come by for jazz musicians, and especially for his big band; first rock and roll
and then the Beatles
had pushed most jazz out of Britain by the late sixties. Matters were made worse for Hayes by his drug addiction, which badly affected his health. In the late 1960s, he underwent open-heart surgery; he was able to start performing again in 1971 (though he had more heart surgery that same year), and in 1972 toured Norway
and Sweden
. In 1973, he died during another heart operation at Hammersmith
, at the age of thirty-eight. He was cremated and the ashes interred at the Golders Green Crematorium
, where there is a white stone memorial plaque affixed to one of the walls. The epitaph reads Long live his memory and his music'.
Hayes left a legacy of recordings, which are now sought after collectors' items, many of which have been re-issued on CD, despite some early Decca tapes being wiped by the company.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
multi-instrumentalist, best known for his tenor saxophone
Tenor saxophone
The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor, with the alto, are the two most common types of saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B, and written as a transposing instrument in the treble...
playing in groups with fellow sax player Ronnie Scott
Ronnie Scott
Ronnie Scott was an English jazz tenor saxophonist and jazz club owner.-Life and career:Ronnie Scott was born in Aldgate, east London, into a family of Russian Jewish descent on his father's side, and Portuguese antecedents on his mother's. Scott began playing in small jazz clubs at the age of...
and with trumpeter Jimmy Deuchar
Jimmy Deuchar
James "Jimmy" Deuchar was a jazz trumpeter and big band arranger, born in Dundee, Scotland. He found fame as a performer and arranger in the 1950s and 1960s...
. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest British jazz instrumentalists.
Early life
Hayes was born in St Pancras, LondonSt Pancras, London
St Pancras is an area of London. For many centuries the name has been used for various officially-designated areas, but now is used informally and rarely having been largely superseded by several other names for overlapping districts.-Ancient parish:...
, and brought up in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. His father was a BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
studio violinist who gave his son violin
Violin
The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
lessons from an early age. By the age of ten Hayes was playing the piano
Piano
The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...
, and started on the tenor sax at eleven.
One much repeated story about Hayes' early career was told by Ronnie Scott
Ronnie Scott
Ronnie Scott was an English jazz tenor saxophonist and jazz club owner.-Life and career:Ronnie Scott was born in Aldgate, east London, into a family of Russian Jewish descent on his father's side, and Portuguese antecedents on his mother's. Scott began playing in small jazz clubs at the age of...
. Scott was playing at a club near Kingston, and was asked whether he minded if a local player sat in: "This little boy came up, not much bigger than his tenor sax. Rather patronisingly I suggested a number and off he went. He scared me to death."
After a period spent playing with various semi-professional bands around London, Hayes left school and started playing professionally at the age of fifteen.
Career
In 1951, when he was sixteen, Hayes joined Kenny Baker'sKenny Baker (trumpeter)
Kenny Baker was born on 1 March 1921 in Withernsea, East Riding of Yorkshire and died 7 December 1999. He was an accomplished player of jazz trumpet, cornet and flugelhorn, and a composer.-Biography:...
sextet, later playing for big-band
Big band
A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with jazz and the Swing Era typically consisting of rhythm, brass, and woodwind instruments totaling approximately twelve to twenty-five musicians...
leaders such as Ambrose
Ambrose (bandleader)
Benjamin Baruch Ambrose , known professionally as Ambrose or Bert Ambrose, was an English bandleader and violinist. Ambrose become the leader of a highly acclaimed English dance band, the Bert Ambrose & His Orchestra, in the 1930s.-Early life:Ambrose was born in the East End of London; his father...
, Terry Brown
Terry Brown
Terry Brown may refer to:*Terry Brown , English-Canadian record producer*Terry Brown , former chairman of West Ham United football club*Terry Brown , manager of AFC Wimbledon...
, Tito Burns
Tito Burns
Tito Burns was a British musician and impresario, who was active in both jazz and rock and roll.-Biography:...
, Roy Fox
Roy Fox
Roy Fox was an American dance bandleader whose period of greatest popularity came during his years performing in England.Roy Fox was raised in Hollywood, California...
, Vic Lewis
Vic Lewis
Vic Lewis was a British jazz guitarist and bandleader.Lewis began playing the guitar at the age of three, and dabbled with cornet and trombone. One of his early bands included George Shearing, then a teenager, among its members...
, and Jack Parnell
Jack Parnell
John Russell Parnell was an English bandleader and musician.-Biography:Parnell was born into a theatrical family in London....
. In 1955 he formed his own octet, with which he toured the UK for eighteen months. Hayes took up flute
Flute
The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
and vibraphone
Vibraphone
The vibraphone, sometimes called the vibraharp or simply the vibes, is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family....
during this time, but it was as a tenor-saxophone player that he made and retained his reputation.
From 1957 to 1959 he joined Ronnie Scott in co-leading a quintet, The Jazz Couriers
The Jazz Couriers
The Jazz Couriers were a British jazz quintet formed in April 1957 and which disbanded in August 1959.The quintet's first line-up consisted of Tubby Hayes and Ronnie Scott on tenor saxophones, with Terry Shannon , Malcolm Cecil and Bill Eyden and made their debut on the opening night at the new...
, perhaps the most fondly remembered of British Modern Jazz groups. Subsequently, Hayes reformed his quartet, and toured Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
with Kurt Edelhagen
Kurt Edelhagen
Kurt Edelhagen, born 5 June 1920 in Herne, died 8 February 1982 in Köln, was a major European big band leader throughout the 1950s.After having studied clarinet and piano in Essen, he set up his multicultural big band, which over the years would include many big names in jazz in Europe, including...
. Then in 1961 he was invited to play at the Half Note Club
Half Note Club
The Half Note was a jazz club located at 289 Hudson Street in New York City.The club was known for showcasing up-and-coming jazz musicians in the 1950s and 1960s, defraying its costs with live radio broadcasts on Friday nights, hosted by Alan Grant....
in New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
; a new transatlantic Musicians' Union agreement meant that, in exchange, Zoot Sims
Zoot Sims
John Haley "Zoot" Sims was an American jazz saxophonist, playing mainly tenor and soprano.-Biography:He was born in Inglewood, California, the son of vaudeville performers Kate Haley and John Sims. Growing up in a performing family, Sims learned to play both drums and clarinet at an early age...
played at Ronnie Scott's. While in America, Hayes recorded (Tubbs in NY) with Clark Terry
Clark Terry
Clark Terry is an American swing and bop trumpeter, a pioneer of the fluegelhorn in jazz, educator, NEA Jazz Masters inductee, and recipient of the 2010 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award...
, Eddie Costa
Eddie Costa
Eddie Costa, , was an American jazz pianist and vibraphonist born in Atlas, Pennsylvania near Mount Carmel, PA in Northumberland County....
, and Horace Parlan
Horace Parlan
Horace Parlan is an American hard bop and post-bop piano player.He is noted for his contributions to the classic Charles Mingus recordings Mingus Ah Um and Blues & Roots....
, and in 1962 he returned for another visit, this time recording Return Visit with James Moody
James Moody (saxophonist)
James Moody was an American jazz saxophone and flute player. He was best known for his hit "Moody's Mood for Love," an improvisation based on "I'm in the Mood for Love"; in performance, he often improvised vocals for the tune.-Biography:James Moody was born in Savannah, Georgia...
, Roland Kirk, Walter Bishop Jr, Sam Jones
Samuel Jones (musician)
Samuel Jones was a jazz bassist, cellist, and composer.Sam Jones was born in Jacksonville, FL and moved to New York city in 1955. There, Jones played with Bobby Timmons, Tiny Bradshaw, Les Jazz Modes, Kenny Dorham, Illinois Jacquet, Freddie Hubbard, Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk...
, and Louis Hayes
Louis Hayes
Louis Hayes is an American jazz drummer.-Biography:His father played drums and piano and his mother the piano and he refers to the early influence of hearing jazz, especially that of big bands, on the radio...
. He played at the Half Note again in 1964, and at the Boston Jazz Workshop the same year, and at Shelly Manne
Shelly Manne
Shelly Manne , born Sheldon Manne in New York City, was an American jazz drummer. Most frequently associated with West Coast jazz, he was known for his versatility and also played in a number of other styles, including Dixieland, swing, bebop, avant-garde jazz and fusion, as well as contributing...
's Manne-Hole in Los Angeles in 1965.
Back in London, Hayes formed his own big band, working in television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
, film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
, and radio
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
, and even having his own television series (1961–1962, and 1963). He stood in for Paul Gonsalves
Paul Gonsalves
Paul Gonsalves, was an American jazz tenor saxophonist best known for his association with Duke Ellington. At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue"...
in February 1964 (with whom he also recorded twice in 1965 (Just Friends and Change of Setting)) when the Ellington
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions...
orchestra played at the Royal Festival Hall
Royal Festival Hall
The Royal Festival Hall is a 2,900-seat concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London. It is situated on the South Bank of the River Thames, not far from Hungerford Bridge. It is a Grade I listed building - the first post-war building to become so protected...
.
As well as leading his own bands and recording under his own name, Hayes also appears on recordings by other UK jazz musicians, such as the Harry South
Harry South
Harry South was an English jazz pianist, composer, and arranger, who later moved into work for film and television....
Big Band, the Ian Hamer Sextet and later studio sessions by Ted Heath’s Orchestra. Hayes was also a prolific session musician in many genres. Among his many credits, Hayes led the brass section on the sessions for Music in a Doll's House
Music in a Doll's House
-Side two:- Personnel :* Roger Chapman – lead vocals, harmonica, tenor saxophone* John "Charlie" Whitney – lead guitar, steel guitar* Jim King – tenor and soprano saxophone, harmonica, vocals* Ric Grech – bass guitar, violin, cello, vocals...
, the acclaimed 1967 debut album by rock band Family
Family (band)
Family were an English rock band that formed in late 1966 and disbanded in October 1973. Their style has been characterised as progressive rock, although their sound often explored other genres, incorporating elements of styles like as folk, psychedelia, acid, jazz fusion and rock and roll...
, on which the young Mike Batt
Mike Batt
Michael Philip "Mike" Batt is a British songwriter, musician, producer and Deputy Chairman of the British Phonographic Industry...
arranged the strings and brass. Batt credits Hayes with saving his brass arrangement on the track "Old Songs for New Songs", which was his first major recording session as an arranger—on the first take, he discovered he had inadvertently notated the parts in the wrong key but Hayes and his colleagues, realizing his mistake, discreetly transposed their parts by ear so that they would match the backing track.
Hayes appeared in a number of films, including All Night Long
All Night Long (1961 film)
All Night Long is a 1962 British drama film directed by Basil Dearden, and starring Patrick McGoohan, Marti Stevens, Paul Harris, Keith Michell, Richard Attenborough and Betsy Blair. The story, written by Nel King and Paul Jarrico, writing under the name Peter Achilles, is an updated version of...
(1961) with Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus Jr. was an American jazz musician, composer, bandleader, and civil rights activist.Mingus's compositions retained the hot and soulful feel of hard bop and drew heavily from black gospel music while sometimes drawing on elements of Third stream, free jazz, and classical music...
and Dave Brubeck
Dave Brubeck
David Warren "Dave" Brubeck is an American jazz pianist. He has written a number of jazz standards, including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke". Brubeck's style ranges from refined to bombastic, reflecting his mother's attempts at classical training and his improvisational skills...
, and (with his group) in A King in New York
A King in New York
A King in New York is a 1957 British comedy film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin in his last leading role, which presents a satirical view of certain aspects of United States politics and society. The film was produced in Europe after Chaplin's exile from the US in 1952...
, by Charles Chaplin (1957), The Beauty Jungle
The Beauty Jungle
-Plot:While on a seaside holiday a young typist is persuaded by a local journalist to enter a beauty contest. When she wins, she decides to give up her previous career and life and take up entering the contests full-time.-Cast:*Ian Hendry as Don Mackenzie...
(1964) and Dr Terror's House of Horrors (1965). He also played at a wide range of jazz festivals, including Reading
National Jazz and Blues Festival
The National Jazz and Blues Festival was the precursor to the Reading Rock Festival and was the brainchild of Harold Pendleton, the manager of the prestigious Marquee Club in Soho....
, Windsor
National Jazz and Blues Festival
The National Jazz and Blues Festival was the precursor to the Reading Rock Festival and was the brainchild of Harold Pendleton, the manager of the prestigious Marquee Club in Soho....
, Antibes
Antibes
Antibes is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.It lies on the Mediterranean in the Côte d'Azur, located between Cannes and Nice. The town of Juan-les-Pins is within the commune of Antibes...
, Lugano
Lugano
Lugano is a city of inhabitants in the city proper and a total of over 145,000 people in the agglomeration/city region, in the south of Switzerland, in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, which borders Italy...
, Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, and Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
.
Despite all this, regular gigs were hard to come by for jazz musicians, and especially for his big band; first rock and roll
Rock and roll
Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily from a combination of African American blues, country, jazz, and gospel music...
and then the Beatles
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, active throughout the 1960s and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Formed in Liverpool, by 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr...
had pushed most jazz out of Britain by the late sixties. Matters were made worse for Hayes by his drug addiction, which badly affected his health. In the late 1960s, he underwent open-heart surgery; he was able to start performing again in 1971 (though he had more heart surgery that same year), and in 1972 toured Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
and Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
. In 1973, he died during another heart operation at Hammersmith
Hammersmith
Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, England, in the United Kingdom, approximately five miles west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames...
, at the age of thirty-eight. He was cremated and the ashes interred at the Golders Green Crematorium
Golders Green Crematorium
Golders Green Crematorium and Mausoleum was the first crematorium to be opened in London, and one of the oldest crematoria in Britain. The land for the crematorium was purchased in 1900, costing £6,000, and was opened in 1902 by Sir Henry Thompson....
, where there is a white stone memorial plaque affixed to one of the walls. The epitaph reads Long live his memory and his music'.
Hayes left a legacy of recordings, which are now sought after collectors' items, many of which have been re-issued on CD, despite some early Decca tapes being wiped by the company.
Discography
- 1955: The Swinging Giant Volume 1
- 1955: Tubby Hayes Quartet
- 1956: After Lights Out
- 1956–57: The Swinging Giant Volume 2
- 1957–59: The First and Last Words
- 1957: Pub Crawling (with Jimmy Deuchar and Stan Tracey)
- 1957: Tubby Hayes and the Jazz Couriers
- 1958: In Concert
- 1959: The Eighth Wonder
- 1959: Tubby Hayes and the Jazz Couriers
- 1959: The Last Word
- 1959: Tubby's Groove
- 1961: Tubbs
- 1961: Tubby Hayes Quartet
- 1961: Tubbs in NY
- 1962: Late Spot at Scott's
- 1962: Down in the Village
- 1962: Equation in Rhythm
- 1962: Tubby's Back in Town
- 1962: TH and the All Stars: Return Visit
- 1963: A Tribute: Tubbs
- 1963: What the Dickens!What the Dickens! (album)What the Dickens! is a 1963 recording by Johnny Dankworth, accompanied by his orchestra and guests, some of the leading UK jazz musicians of the day. It is a suite based on characters and scenarios associated with Charles Dickens...
- Johnny Dankworth and his Orchestra - 1963–65: Live in London vols 1 & 2 (tapes made by Les Tomkins at the Old Place in Gerrard Street, London.
- 1963–66: Night and Day
- 1964: Tubbs' Tours — Tubby Hayes and His Orchestra
- 1965: Just Friends - with Paul GonsalvesPaul GonsalvesPaul Gonsalves, was an American jazz tenor saxophonist best known for his association with Duke Ellington. At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue"...
- 1966: Jazz Tête à Tête
- 1966: 100 Percent Proof
- 1966: Addictive Tendencies
- 1966: Sound VentureSound VentureSound Venture is a jazz album recorded by Georgie Fame and the Harry South Big Band in 1966. Featuring many of the Britain’s top jazz musicians, and arranged by leading big band arranger Harry South, the album was a break from Fame’s earlier R&B hits....
- Georgie FameGeorgie FameGeorgie Fame is a British rhythm and blues and jazz singer and keyboard player. The one-time rock and roll tour musician, who had a string of 1960s hits, is still a popular performer, often working with contemporaries such as Van Morrison and Bill Wyman.-Early life:Fame took piano lessons from the...
and the Harry SouthHarry SouthHarry South was an English jazz pianist, composer, and arranger, who later moved into work for film and television....
Big Band - 1967: For Members Only
- 1967: Mexican Green
- 1969: Live 1969
- 1969: 200 Percent Proof
- 1970: The Orchestra
- 1972: Quartet in Scandinavia
Sources
- Ian Carr, Digby Fairweather, & Brian Priestley — The Rough Guide to Jazz (ISBN 1-85828-528-3)
- Jack Massarik — "Mr 100 percent" (in JazzwiseJazzwiseJazzwise Publications Limited is a UK-based specialist jazz music publisher and education company. It was founded in 1984 as a mail-order company promoting jazz and improvisation through catalogues and short courses and workshops for musicians...
90, September 2005)