Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich
Encyclopedia
"Tsarevich" Ivan Dmitriyevich (5 January 1611 16 July 1614) was the only son of False Dmitry II of Russia
and his wife Marina Mniszech
, daughter of Polish
Voivode Jerzy Mniszech
and his wife Jadwiga Tarło. He was a claimant to the throne of the Tsardom of Russia
until his death at the age of not quite four, in December 1614. He was killed right after his step-father, Ivan Zarutsky
.
married False Dmitry I, Tsar of Russia
and thus became Tsarita consort of All Russia. However, this lasted less than a year. On 17 May 1606, conspirators who opposed Dmitri and his policy of close cooperation with Poland, broke into the Moscow Kremlin
. Dmitry attempted to escape out a window, but he broke his leg while climbing out. He was immediately spotted by a plotter and he was shot on the spot. After the death of False Dmitry I, Marina was spared her life after she had rejected her royal title and sent back to Poland
in July 1608. However, her father Jerzy Mniszech
didn't give up on his plan to became father-in-law of the Tsar. Exiled to Yaroslavl
, he searched for a way to regain his favours. With his help, Marina turned up in Tushino
, where she would secretly marry another impostor, False Dmitry II after "recognizing" her miraculously "salvaged" husband in him, even though they looked absolutely nothing alike and it was impossible for Dimtry I to have been saved, as his body had been put for display after his murder. Polish hetman
Stanisław Żółkiewski wrote in his memoirs that the only two things False Dmitris I and II had in common was that they were both human and usurpers. This marriage would soon share the same fate as her previous one, as Dmitry II was killed by a tatai
prince, Peter Urusov
.
Ivan Zarutsky
and by April 1611, they were married. Zarutsky took a liking to little Ivan, and using the fact that Marina was a widow of two Tsars, he proclaimed four-month-old Ivan "Ivan Dmitriyevich" (literally, Ivan, son of Dmitry). Patriarch Hermogenes
, however, called Ivan "little thief". Zarutsky was thinking he would have established his position as de facto
ruler of the Tsardom of Russia
for a long time. He was, however dethroned and he and Marina had to flee to Astrakhan
.
was elected, the citizens of Astrakhan
wanted the pretender and his family out of their town. In 1614 an uprising of townspeople was aimed solely at capturing the family. They fled into the steppes, to escape. Near the Yaik River
in May 1614, after failing to gather a support for a Cossack uprising, they would be captured by the Cossacks a month later and handed over to the government. Marina was imprisoned in the Kolomna Kremlin
tower and Ivan and Zarutsky were brought to Moscow
. Zarutsky was impaled. Three-year-old Ivan was publicly hanged on 16 July 1614 in Moscow, near the Serpukhov Gate. According to one account, he was too light for his neck to be broken by the drop, and suffered a lingering death, dangling at the end of the rope and being slowly strangled. Just five months after the deaths of her son and husband, Marina died in prison on Christmas Eve
, 24 December 1614.
False Dmitry II
False Dmitry II , also called the rebel of Tushino, was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne who claimed to be Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible...
and his wife Marina Mniszech
Marina Mniszech
Marina Mniszech Marina Mniszech Marina Mniszech (Polish: Maryna Mniszchówna or Maryna Mniszech; Russian: Марина Мнишек (Marina Mnishek); also known as "Marinka the witch" in Russian folklore; c...
, daughter of Polish
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
Voivode Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech was a nobleman in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Member of the Mniszchowie family. Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodship in 1590, żupnik ruski, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanock, Rohatyn.Father of Marina...
and his wife Jadwiga Tarło. He was a claimant to the throne of the Tsardom of Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
until his death at the age of not quite four, in December 1614. He was killed right after his step-father, Ivan Zarutsky
Ivan Zarutsky
Ivan Martynovich Zarutsky was a Cossack leader in Russia in the early 17th century.In 1606–1607, ataman Zarutsky and his men took part in the Bolotnikov Uprising. After Ivan Bolotnikov's defeat on the outskirts of Moscow, Zarutsky went to Poland to take the side of "tsar Dmitry" and Polish king...
.
False Dmitry I, False Dmitry II and Marina Mniszech
In November 1605, Marina MniszechMarina Mniszech
Marina Mniszech Marina Mniszech Marina Mniszech (Polish: Maryna Mniszchówna or Maryna Mniszech; Russian: Марина Мнишек (Marina Mnishek); also known as "Marinka the witch" in Russian folklore; c...
married False Dmitry I, Tsar of Russia
False Dmitriy I
False Dmitriy I was the Tsar of Russia from 21 July 1605 until his death on 17 May 1606 under the name of Dimitriy Ioannovich . He is sometimes referred to under the usurped title of Dmitriy II...
and thus became Tsarita consort of All Russia. However, this lasted less than a year. On 17 May 1606, conspirators who opposed Dmitri and his policy of close cooperation with Poland, broke into the Moscow Kremlin
Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin , sometimes referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River , Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square and the Alexander Garden...
. Dmitry attempted to escape out a window, but he broke his leg while climbing out. He was immediately spotted by a plotter and he was shot on the spot. After the death of False Dmitry I, Marina was spared her life after she had rejected her royal title and sent back to Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
in July 1608. However, her father Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech was a nobleman in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Member of the Mniszchowie family. Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodship in 1590, żupnik ruski, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanock, Rohatyn.Father of Marina...
didn't give up on his plan to became father-in-law of the Tsar. Exiled to Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historical part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities...
, he searched for a way to regain his favours. With his help, Marina turned up in Tushino
Tushino
Tushino is a former village and town to the north of Moscow, which has been part of the city's area since 1960. Between 1939 and 1960, Tushino was classed as a separate town. The Skhodnya River flows across the southern part of Tushino....
, where she would secretly marry another impostor, False Dmitry II after "recognizing" her miraculously "salvaged" husband in him, even though they looked absolutely nothing alike and it was impossible for Dimtry I to have been saved, as his body had been put for display after his murder. Polish hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
Stanisław Żółkiewski wrote in his memoirs that the only two things False Dmitris I and II had in common was that they were both human and usurpers. This marriage would soon share the same fate as her previous one, as Dmitry II was killed by a tatai
Nogai Horde
The Nogai Horde was a confederation of about eighteen Turkic and Mongol tribes that occupied the Pontic-Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghits constituted a core of the Horde...
prince, Peter Urusov
Peter Urusov
Peter Urusov was a prince who killed False Dmitry II on 11 December 1610. The event was described by Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski in his memoirs:...
.
Birth of the Tsarevich and Ivan Zarutsky
After the 10 December 1610 murder of False Dmitry II, Marina was once again left widowed. She was, this time, however, pregnant and on 5 January 1611, she delivered a baby boy, whom she named Ivan. The infant was subsequently nicknamed Little Rogue, Baby Brigand or Luba. She met Cossack leaderLeader
A leader is one who influences or leads others.Leader may also refer to:- Newspapers :* Leading article, a piece of writing intended to promote an opinion, also called an editorial* The Leader , published 1909–1967...
Ivan Zarutsky
Ivan Zarutsky
Ivan Martynovich Zarutsky was a Cossack leader in Russia in the early 17th century.In 1606–1607, ataman Zarutsky and his men took part in the Bolotnikov Uprising. After Ivan Bolotnikov's defeat on the outskirts of Moscow, Zarutsky went to Poland to take the side of "tsar Dmitry" and Polish king...
and by April 1611, they were married. Zarutsky took a liking to little Ivan, and using the fact that Marina was a widow of two Tsars, he proclaimed four-month-old Ivan "Ivan Dmitriyevich" (literally, Ivan, son of Dmitry). Patriarch Hermogenes
Patriarch Hermogenes
Hermogenes, or Germogen , was the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia from 1606. It was he who inspired the popular uprising that put an end to the Time of Troubles. Hermogenes was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1913...
, however, called Ivan "little thief". Zarutsky was thinking he would have established his position as de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
ruler of the Tsardom of Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
for a long time. He was, however dethroned and he and Marina had to flee to Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
.
Death
When Tsar Michael I of RussiaMichael of Russia
Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov and Xenia...
was elected, the citizens of Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
wanted the pretender and his family out of their town. In 1614 an uprising of townspeople was aimed solely at capturing the family. They fled into the steppes, to escape. Near the Yaik River
Ural River
The Ural or Jayıq/Zhayyq , known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan. It arises in the southern Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,511 mi making it the third longest river in Europe after the Volga and the Danube...
in May 1614, after failing to gather a support for a Cossack uprising, they would be captured by the Cossacks a month later and handed over to the government. Marina was imprisoned in the Kolomna Kremlin
Kolomna Kremlin
Kolomna Kremlin is a very large fortress in Kolomna, Russia. The stone Kolomna Kremlin was built from 1525—1531 under the Russian Tsar Vasily III. Before its reconstruction in 1531, the Kolomna Kremlin was made of wood...
tower and Ivan and Zarutsky were brought to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. Zarutsky was impaled. Three-year-old Ivan was publicly hanged on 16 July 1614 in Moscow, near the Serpukhov Gate. According to one account, he was too light for his neck to be broken by the drop, and suffered a lingering death, dangling at the end of the rope and being slowly strangled. Just five months after the deaths of her son and husband, Marina died in prison on Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve refers to the evening or entire day preceding Christmas Day, a widely celebrated festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth that takes place on December 25...
, 24 December 1614.