Treaty of Greenville (1814)
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of Greenville (1814) was called A TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP Between the United States of America and the tribes of Indians
called the Wyandots, Delawares
, Shawanoese
, Senacas
and Miamies
. It was concluded July 22, 1814 at Greenville, Ohio
, and provided peace among the tribes, and the with the U.S., and alliance of these Tribes with the U.S. against Great Britain
during the War of 1812
.
, Ottawa
, and Kickapoo
with the U.S., Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, and Seneca. Article II calls for the tribes to give aid to the U.S. in their war against Great Britain and her Indian allies, and not to make an independent peace. Article III has the tribes acknowledge themselves under the protection of the U.S., and no other power. In Article IV, the U.S. promises to respect their boundaries with the Indian Nations, established before the war, if the other conditions of the treaty are performed.
, late a major general in the army of the United States
, and Lewis Cass
, governor of the Michigan Territory
, duly authorised and appointed commissioners for the purpose, and the said tribes, by their head men, chiefs, and warriors, assembled at Greenville, in the state of Ohio
, have agreed to the following articles, which, when ratified by the president of the United States, by and with the consent of the Senate thereof, shall be binding upon them and the said tribes.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, the said commissioners and the said head men, chiefs, and warriors, of the beforementioned tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done at Greenville, in the State of Ohio, this twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and of the Independence of the United States, the thirty-ninth.
In the presence of (the words “and the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, and Senecas,” interlined in the first article before signing.) James Dill, Secretary of the commissioners. Jno. Johnson, Indian Agent. B.F. Stickney, Indian Agent. James J. Nisbet, Associate Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Preble county
. Thos. G. Gibson, Antoine Boindi, William Walker, William Conner, J. Bte. Chandonnai, Stephen Reeddeed, James Peltier, Joseph Bertrand, Sworn Interpreters. Thomas Ramsey, captain 1st rifle regiment. John Conner. John Riddle, col. 1st regiment Ohio militia.
To the Indian names are subjoined a mark and seal.
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
called the Wyandots, Delawares
Lenape
The Lenape are an Algonquian group of Native Americans of the Northeastern Woodlands. They are also called Delaware Indians. As a result of the American Revolutionary War and later Indian removals from the eastern United States, today the main groups live in Canada, where they are enrolled in the...
, Shawanoese
Shawnee
The Shawnee, Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are an Algonquian-speaking people native to North America. Historically they inhabited the areas of Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, and Pennsylvania...
, Senacas
Seneca nation
The Seneca are a group of indigenous people native to North America. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League in New York before the American Revolution. While exact population figures are unknown, approximately 15,000 to 25,000 Seneca live in...
and Miamies
Miami tribe
The Miami are a Native American nation originally found in what is now Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is the only federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States...
. It was concluded July 22, 1814 at Greenville, Ohio
Greenville, Ohio
Greenville is a city in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,227 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Darke County.-History:Greenville is the historic location of Fort Greene Ville,Greenville is a city in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,227 at...
, and provided peace among the tribes, and the with the U.S., and alliance of these Tribes with the U.S. against Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
during the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
.
Summary of Treaty
Article I establishes peace between the Miami, PotawatomiPotawatomi
The Potawatomi are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi River region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. In the Potawatomi language, they generally call themselves Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and that was applied...
, Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
, and Kickapoo
Kickapoo
The Kickapoo are an Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe. According to the Anishinaabeg, the name "Kickapoo" means "Stands here and there". It referred to the tribe's migratory patterns. The name can also mean "wanderer"...
with the U.S., Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, and Seneca. Article II calls for the tribes to give aid to the U.S. in their war against Great Britain and her Indian allies, and not to make an independent peace. Article III has the tribes acknowledge themselves under the protection of the U.S., and no other power. In Article IV, the U.S. promises to respect their boundaries with the Indian Nations, established before the war, if the other conditions of the treaty are performed.
Preamble
The said United States of America, by William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison was the ninth President of the United States , an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. He was 68 years, 23 days old when elected, the oldest president elected until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and last President to be born before the...
, late a major general in the army of the United States
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
, and Lewis Cass
Lewis Cass
Lewis Cass was an American military officer and politician. During his long political career, Cass served as a governor of the Michigan Territory, an American ambassador, a U.S. Senator representing Michigan, and co-founder as well as first Masonic Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Michigan...
, governor of the Michigan Territory
Michigan Territory
The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan...
, duly authorised and appointed commissioners for the purpose, and the said tribes, by their head men, chiefs, and warriors, assembled at Greenville, in the state of Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
, have agreed to the following articles, which, when ratified by the president of the United States, by and with the consent of the Senate thereof, shall be binding upon them and the said tribes.
Article I
The United States and the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, and Senacas, give peace to the Miamie nation of Indians, formerly designated as the Miamie Eel River and Weea tribes; they extend this indulgence also to the bands of the Putawatimies, which adhere to the Grand Sachem Tobinipee, and to the chief Onoxa, to the Ottawas of Blanchard’s creek, who have attached themselves to the Shawanoese tribe, and to such of the said tribe as adhere to the chief called the Wing, in the neighborhood of Detroit, and to the Kickapoos, under the direction of their chiefs who sign this treaty.Article II
The tribes and bands abovementioned, engage to give their aid to the United States in prosecuting the war against Great-Britain, and such of the Indian tribes as still continue hostile; and to make no peace with either without the consent of the United States. The assistance herein stipulated for, is to consist of such number of their warriors from each tribe, as the president of the United States, or any officer having his authority therefor, may require.Article III
The Wyandot tribe, and the Senecas of Sandusky and Stony Creek, the Delaware and Shawanoese tribes, who have preserved their fidelity to the United States throughout the war, again acknowledge themselves under the protection of the said states, and no other power whatever; and agree to aid the United States, in the manner stipulated in the former article, and to make no peace but with the consent of the said states.Article IV
In the event of the faithful performance of the conditions of this treaty, the United States will confirm and establish all the boundaries between their lands and those of the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, and Miamies, as they existed previously to the commencement of the war.IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, the said commissioners and the said head men, chiefs, and warriors, of the beforementioned tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done at Greenville, in the State of Ohio, this twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and of the Independence of the United States, the thirty-ninth.
- WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON,
- LEWIS CASS
Wyandots
- Tar-he, or craneTarheTarhe was a leader of the Wyandot people in the Ohio country. His nickname was "The Crane". He fought European-American expansion into the region until the Western Indian Confederacy was defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Afterwards, he sought accommodation with the United...
- Har-rone-yough, or Cherokee boy
- Te-ar-ront-ou-ose, or between the logs
- Men-ou-cou
- Rush-ar-ra, or Stookey
- Se-no-shus
- Zash-u-on-a, or big arm
- Te-an-dut-to-sooh, or punch
- Tah-uh-sough, or John Hicks
- Ron-oin-ness, or sky come down
- Tee-en-do
- Ron-ai-is
- Omaint-si-ar-rah, or Bowyer
- Tai-un-shrah, or Charles
- Ti-un-dra-ha, or John Bolisle
- E-lone-ni-rah, or shrone-she
Delawares
- Kick-to-he-nina, or Capt. Anderson
- Le-mot-te-nuck-ques, or James Nantioke
- La-o-pon-nichle, or Bauber
- Jo-on-queake, or John Queake
- Kill-buck
- Neach-corningd
- Montgomery Montaine
- Captain Buck
- Hop-hoo-que, or moles
- Captain White Eyes
- Captain PipeCaptain PipeCaptain Pipe , called Konieschquanoheel and also known as Hopocan, was an 18th-century chief of the Algonquian-speaking Lenape and a member of the Wolf Clan...
- McDaniel
- Captain Snap
Shawanoese
- Cut-e-we-cus-a, or black hoof
- Tam-e-ne-tha, or butter
- Pi-a-se-ka, or wolf
- Pom-tha, or walker
- Sha-mon-e-tho, or snake
- Pem-tha-ta, or turkey flying by
- We-tha-wak-a-sik-a, or yellow water
- Que-ta-wah, or sinking
- So-kut-che-mah, or frozen
- Wy-ne-pu-ech-sika, or corn stalk
- Chi-ach-ska, or captain Tom
- Qui-ta-we-peh, or captain Lewis
- Tea-was-koota, or blue jacket
- Tah-cum-tequah, or cross the water
Ottawas
- Wa-tash-ne-wa, or bear’s legs
- Wa-pa-chek, or white fisher
- Too-ta-gen, or bell
- Augh-qua-nah-quo-se, or stump tail bear
- U-co-ke-nuh, or bear king
Senecas
- Coon-tind-nau, or coffee house
- Tog-won
- En-dosque-e-runt, or John Harris
- Can-ta-ra-tee-roo
- Cun-tah-ten-tuh-wa, or big turtle
- Ron-on-nesse, or wiping stick
- Co-rach-coon-ke, or reflection, or civil John
- Coon-au-ta-nah-coo
- See-is-ta-he, (black)
- Too-tee-an-dee, or Thomas Brand
- Hane-use-wa
- Ut-ta-wun-tus
- Lut-au-ques-on
Miamies
- Peoon
- La-passiere, or Ashe-non-quah
- Osage
- Na-to-wee-sa
- Me-she-ke-le-a-ta, or the big man
- Sa-na-mah-hon-ga, or stone eaterStone EaterStone Eater was a Wea war chief in the 18th century, in the present day U.S. state Indiana.-Tecumseh confederacy:He joined the Tecumseh confederacy and was a leader at the Battle of Tippecanoe , and at the Siege of Fort Harrison ....
- Ne-she-peh-ta, or double tooth
- Me-too-sa-ni-a, or Indian
- Che-qui-a, or poor racoon
- Wa-pe-pe-cheka
- Chin-go-me-ga-eboe, or owl
- Ke-we-se-kong, or circular travelling
- Wa-pa-sa-ba-nah, or white racoon
- Che-ke-me-li-ne, or turtle’s brother
- Pocon-do-qua, or crooked
- Che-que-ah, or poor racoon, a Wea, or little eyes
- Sho-wi-lin-ge-shua, or open hand
- O-ka-we-a, or porcupine
- Shaw-wa-noe
- Ma-uan-sa, or young wolf
- Me-shwa-wa, or wounded
- San-gwe-comya, or buffaloe
- Pe-qui-a, or George
- Keel-swa, or sun
- Wab-se-a, or white skin
- Wan-se-pe-a, or sun rise
- An-ga-to-ka, or pile of wood
Potawatamies
- Too-pin-ne-pe
- O-nox-a, or five medals
- Me-te-a
- Con-ge, or bear’s foot
- Na-nown-se-ca
- Cha-gobbe, or one who sees all over
- Meshon
- Penosh
- Che-ca-noe
- Nesh-coot-a-wa
- Ton-guish
- Ne-baugh-qua
- Ton-guish, a Chippeway
- Wes-nan-e-sa
- Che-chock, or crane
- Ke-poo-ta
- Mac-kor-ta, or crow
- Pu-pe-ketcha, or flat belly
Kickapoos
- Kee-too-te, or otter
- Ma-ko-ta-ne-cote, or black tree
- She-she-pa, or duck
- Wa-pe-kon-nia, or white blanket
- A-coo-che, or the man hung
- Che-kas-ka-ga-lon
In the presence of (the words “and the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, and Senecas,” interlined in the first article before signing.) James Dill, Secretary of the commissioners. Jno. Johnson, Indian Agent. B.F. Stickney, Indian Agent. James J. Nisbet, Associate Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Preble county
Preble County, Ohio
As of the census of 2000, there were 42,337 people, 16,001 households, and 12,144 families residing in the county. The population density was 100 people per square mile . There were 17,186 housing units at an average density of 40 per square mile...
. Thos. G. Gibson, Antoine Boindi, William Walker, William Conner, J. Bte. Chandonnai, Stephen Reeddeed, James Peltier, Joseph Bertrand, Sworn Interpreters. Thomas Ramsey, captain 1st rifle regiment. John Conner. John Riddle, col. 1st regiment Ohio militia.
To the Indian names are subjoined a mark and seal.