Treaty 5
Encyclopedia
Treaty 5 is a treaty
that was first established in September, 1875, between Queen Victoria
and Saulteaux
and Swampy Cree
non-treaty tribes and peoples around Lake Winnipeg
in the District of Keewatin
. Much of what is today central and northern Manitoba
was covered by the treaty, as were a few small adjoining portions of the present-day provinces of Saskatchewan
and Ontario
. The Treaty was completed in two rounds. The first was from September 1875 to September 1876. The Crown intended in 1875 to include only "the Indians [east and west] of Lake Winnipeg for the surrender of the Territory uncovered by previous treaties" including "the proposed migration of the Norway House band". Pimicikamak territory was north of the lake. It was included by accident or design of Tepastenam
attending the Norway House signing. Additional peoples and groups signed on between 1908 and 1910.
Treaty
A treaty is an express agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, convention or exchange of letters, among other terms...
that was first established in September, 1875, between Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom
Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
and Saulteaux
Saulteaux
The Saulteaux are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada.-Ethnic classification:The Saulteaux are a branch of the Ojibwe nations. They are sometimes also called Anihšināpē . Saulteaux is a French term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to...
and Swampy Cree
Cree
The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations / Native Americans in North America, with 200,000 members living in Canada. In Canada, the major proportion of Cree live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories, although...
non-treaty tribes and peoples around Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg is a large, lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, with its southern tip about north of the city of Winnipeg...
in the District of Keewatin
District of Keewatin
The District of Keewatin was a territory of Canada and later an administrative district of the Northwest Territories.The name "Keewatin" comes from Algonquian roots—either kīwēhtin in Cree or giiwedin in Ojibwe—both of which mean north wind in their respective languages...
. Much of what is today central and northern Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
was covered by the treaty, as were a few small adjoining portions of the present-day provinces of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
and Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
. The Treaty was completed in two rounds. The first was from September 1875 to September 1876. The Crown intended in 1875 to include only "the Indians [east and west] of Lake Winnipeg for the surrender of the Territory uncovered by previous treaties" including "the proposed migration of the Norway House band". Pimicikamak territory was north of the lake. It was included by accident or design of Tepastenam
Tepastenam
Tepastenam was a respected leader of the Pimicikamak indigenous people in the 19th century. He was born about 1805. From oral history accounts he may have been a Midewiwin leader or Kiseman...
attending the Norway House signing. Additional peoples and groups signed on between 1908 and 1910.
Timeline
- 20 September 1875: signing of Treaty 5 at Berens River, ManitobaBerens River, ManitobaBerens River is located in Manitoba, Canada, along the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg. This community is near the mouth of the Berens River, which flows west from the Ontario headwaters...
- 24 September 1875: signing of Treaty 5 by Norway House and PimicikamakPimicikamakPimicikamak is the name of one of the Cree-speaking aboriginal peoples of Canada. Pimicikamak is "a people of rivers and lakes. The traditional territory of Pimicikamak is around Sipiwesk Lake in the heart of the boreal forest, five hundred kilometres north of Winnipeg, Manitoba...
peoples at Norway House, ManitobaNorway House, Manitoba- Treaty and York Boat Days :Held annually each summer, the York Boat events serve as the main attraction.-External links:* * * *... - 27 September. 1875: Grand RapidsGrand Rapids, ManitobaGrand Rapids is a town in Manitoba, Canada located on the northwestern shore of Lake Winnipeg where the Saskatchewan River enters the lake. As the name implies, the river had a significant drop at this point . In modern days, a large hydro electric generating plant has been built...
signing - 28 September 1875: signing by Wa-Pang or Dog-Head community, to be included with the reservation assigned for the Norway House community
- 26 July 1876: Big Island signing at Wa-Pang/Dog-Head Island
- 4 August 1876: signing by Grand Rapids tribes at Beren's River
- 7 September 1876: signing by Black River Saulteaux band, signed in Winnipeg
- 7 September 1876: The PasThe Pas, ManitobaThe Pas is a town in Manitoba, Canada, located in Division No. 21, Manitoba in the Northern Region, some 630 kilometres northwest of the provincial capital, Winnipeg, near the border of Saskatchewan. It is sometimes still called Paskoyac by locals as the first trading post was called Fort Paskoyac...
signing by tribes in that region - 26 June 1908: Split LakeSplit Lake, ManitobaSplit Lake is a community in Manitoba on the north shore of Split Lake on Nelson River about 150 miles west southwest of the river's mouth at Hudson Bay....
adhesion signing - 8 July 1908: Norway House adhesion signing
- 15 July 1908: Cross LakeCross Lake, ManitobaCross Lake is the name of two closely related, adjoining but independent communities in the Canadian Province of Manitoba. One of the Cross Lakes is the Cross Lake Indian Reserve where the main urban area is called Cross Lake...
adhesion signing - 30 July 1908: Nelson House adhesion signing
- 24 August 1908: Fisher RiverFisher River, ManitobaFisher River is a Cree first nations reserve located approximately 193 km north of Manitoba’s capital city, Winnipeg. The Fisher River Cree Nation is composed of two reserves; Fisher River 44 and Fisher River 44A...
adhesion signing - 29 July 1909: Oxford HouseOxford House, ManitobaOxford House is a First Nations Cree community in Northern Manitoba, located on the Oxford House 24 Indian Reserve. According to the web site of the Bunibonibee Cree Nation, "Oxford House was originally one of the trading posts set up by the Hudson's Bay Company, en route to Norway House...
adhesion signing - 6 August 1909: God's Lake adhesion signing
- 13 August 1909: Island LakeIsland Lake, Manitoba-External links:*...
adhesion signing - 9 June 1910: Deer's Lake East adhesion signing
- 10 August 1910: York FactoryYork Factory, ManitobaYork Factory was a settlement and factory located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, at the mouth of the Hayes River, approximately south-southeast of Churchill. The settlement was headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company's Northern Department, from 1821 to...
adhesion signing
List of Treaty 5 First Nations / Peoples
- Manitoba
- Berens River First NationBerens River First NationThe Berens River First Nation is located on IR Berens River 13 and also has a second reserve under its control; namely Pigeon River 13A. The majority of the population is at Berens River where the On-reserve population is over 700. Berens River, Manitoba is a settlement adjacent to Berens River 13...
- Bloodvein First NationBloodvein First NationThe Bloodvein First Nation is located on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, along the Bloodvein River in Manitoba, Canada. This area is a part of Treaty 5, and has long been inhabited by native peoples. The name “Bloodvein” was used in an 1818-19 Hudson's Bay Company journal...
- Bunibonibee Cree NationBunibonibee Cree NationBunibonibee Cree Nation, formerly known as Oxford House First Nation and as Oxford House Band of Indians, is a First Nation located along the eastern shoreline of Oxford Lake at the mouth of the Hayes River and is approximately northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The residents are predominantly...
- Chemawawin Cree First Nation
- Fisher River Cree Nation
- Fox Lake Cree NationFox Lake Cree NationFox Lake Cree Nation is a First Nation located in Fox Lake, Bird, Manitoba, Canada.On November 8th, 2007, Fox Lake Cree Nation dedicated a monumental statue in Gillam, Manitoba...
- Garden Hill First Nations
- God's Lake First Nation
- Grand Rapids First NationGrand Rapids First NationMisipawistik Cree Nation is a Cree community formerly known as "Grand Rapids First Nation". "Misipawistik" in the local Cree language means "Rushing rapids", which were once an historical landmark in Misipawistik before the construction of the Hydroelectric Dam. MCN is located near Grand Rapids,...
- Berens River First Nation
-
- Hollow Water First NationHollow Water First NationHollow Water First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation located on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, Canada, north of Pine Falls, Manitoba, and north of Winnipeg. As of February 2009, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,620 people, of which the on-reserve population was 1,021...
- Kinonjeoshtegon First Nation
- Black River First NationBlack River First NationBlack River First Nation is a Ojibwa First Nation located around O'Hanley, Manitoba, along the O'Hanley and Black Rivers, on the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg. It is 32 kilometers north of Pine Falls, and around 150 kilometers north of Winnipeg...
- Little Grand Rapids First NationLittle Grand Rapids First NationLittle Grand Rapids First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation located approximately northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. As of May 2010, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,454 people, of which their own on-reserve population was 1,174.-Reserves:The First Nation have reserved for...
- Manto Sipi Cree First Nation
- Mosakahiken Cree First Nation
- Nisichawayasihk Cree NationNisichawayasihk Cree NationThe Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation is a Cree-speaking community of about 4,200 Cree centered in Nelson House, Manitoba, Canada. Nelson House is located about 80 km west of Thompson and is accessible via the mixed paved and gravel Provincial Road 391...
- Norway House Cree NationNorway House Cree NationThe Norway House Cree Nation is based at Norway House, Manitoba which is located on the Playgreen Lake section of the Nelson River system. The people are Woodland Cree from the Rocky Cree group. They are in possession of a number of reserves but population is centered at IR Norway House 17...
- Opaskwayak Cree NationOpaskwayak Cree NationThe Opaskwayak Cree Nation is a First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. Opaskwayak means "where the two rivers meet". The First Nation has territory near The Pas, Manitoba, along the Saskatchewan River. The First Nation hosts the Opaskwayak Indian Days annually each August. The OCN Blizzard, a...
- Pauingassi First NationPauingassi First NationPauingassi First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation located approximately northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and north of Little Grand Rapids, Manitoba, on a peninsula jutting southward into Fishing Lake, a tributary of Berens River. As of May 2009, the First Nation had a registered population...
- Hollow Water First Nation
-
- PimicikamakPimicikamakPimicikamak is the name of one of the Cree-speaking aboriginal peoples of Canada. Pimicikamak is "a people of rivers and lakes. The traditional territory of Pimicikamak is around Sipiwesk Lake in the heart of the boreal forest, five hundred kilometres north of Winnipeg, Manitoba...
- Poplar River First NationPoplar River First NationPoplar River First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. Its landbase is the Poplar River 16 First Nation Reserve, located approximately on the east side of Lake Winnipeg at the mouth of the Poplar River. Geographically, it is located at latitude 52°59′46″ north and longitude...
- Red Sucker Lake First Nation
- St. Theresa Point First Nation
- Sayisi Dene First Nation
- Shamattawa First Nation
- Tataskweyak Cree NationTataskweyak Cree NationThe Tataskweyak Cree Nation are located on IR Split Lake 171 at Split Lake, Manitoba. The Reserve is on the Nelson River system about 150 miles from the river's mouth at Hudson Bay...
- War Lake First NationWar Lake First NationThe War Lake First Nation are residents of the Mooseocoot IR. The reserve lies within the boundaries of Ilford, Manitoba.- References :*...
- Wasagamack First Nation
- York Factory First Nation
- Pimicikamak
- Ontario
- Deer Lake First NationDeer Lake First NationDeer Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation in Northern Ontario, located north of Red Lake, Ontario. It is one of the few First Nations in Ontario to have signed Treaty 5. It is part of the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council and the Nishnawbe Aski Nation...
- North Spirit Lake First NationNorth Spirit Lake First NationNorth Spirit Lake First Nation is a small Oji-Cree community in Northern Ontario, located north of Red Lake, Ontario. It is connected to Sandy Lake First Nation, and Deer Lake First Nation by winter/ice roads...
- Pikangikum First NationPikangikum First NationThe Pikangikum First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation located on the Pikangikum 14 Reserve, in Unorganized Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada...
- Poplar Hill First NationPoplar Hill First NationPoplar Hill First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation located in Northern Ontario, approximately 120 km north of Red Lake, Ontario near the Ontario-Manitoba border. The First Nation is accessible by air and winter road...
- Sandy Lake First NationSandy Lake First NationSandy Lake First Nation is an independent Oji-Cree First Nation. The First Nation community, in the west part of Northern Ontario, is located in the Kenora District, northeast of Red Lake, Ontario. Its registered population in June 2007 was 2,474...
- Deer Lake First Nation
- Saskatchewan
- Cumberland House Cree First Nation
- Red Earth First Nation
- Shoal Lake of the Cree First Nation
See also
- The Canadian Crown and First Nations, Inuit and MétisThe Canadian Crown and First Nations, Inuit and MétisThe association between the Canadian Crown and Aboriginal peoples of Canada stretches back to the first interactions between North American indigenous peoples and European colonialists and, over centuries of interface, treaties were established concerning the monarch and aboriginal tribes...
- Council of KeewatinCouncil of KeewatinThe Council of Keewatin was an unelected legislative body and territorial government for the now-defunct District of Keewatin in Canada. The District of Keewatin was created by the passage of the Keewatin Act on April 12, 1876 from a portion of Canada's North West Territories...
- District of KeewatinDistrict of KeewatinThe District of Keewatin was a territory of Canada and later an administrative district of the Northwest Territories.The name "Keewatin" comes from Algonquian roots—either kīwēhtin in Cree or giiwedin in Ojibwe—both of which mean north wind in their respective languages...
- Nishnawbe Aski NationNishnawbe Aski NationNishnawbe Aski Nation is a political organization representing 49 First Nation communities across Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 areas of northern Ontario, Canada...