Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt
Encyclopedia
The Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt is a broadcasting
facility in Hamburg
-Billstedt
, established in 1934. It is owned and operated by the Norddeutscher Rundfunk
public broadcasting service, but open to competitors, too.
From 1934 to 1949 it used as transmission aerial
a wire hung up in a tower of wood. This tower had until 1941 a height of 145 metres. In 1941 its height was reduced to 84.5 metres and in 1949 it was demolished.
In 1940 a second aerial in form of a triangle area aerial was built. This aerial allowing transmitting on a wide frequency range was demolished in the Fifties
.
In 1949/50 a 198 metre high guyed steelframework mast with a cage aerial
and a transmission aerial for FM
and TV on its top was erected. From this mast, which was partly destroyed by a storm during its erection in December 1949, between 1953 and 1962 the programme of the "Deutschen Langwellensender" (German longwave
transmitter) was broadcast.
This programme was transmitted in a special modulation mode, the compatible single sideband modulation, allowing smaller bandwidth and the possibility of reception with conventional AM receivers.
Because this mast was under high voltage the aerials for FM and TV on its top were fed via a Goubau line.
In the first half of the 1960s this aerial mast was demounted and the current installation built. It consists of:
Since 1967, the University of Hamburg
has been using the 304 m-mast as a five-level meteorological measurement platform, with thermometer
s, hygrometer
s, and anemometer
s mounted at various heights up to 250 m above ground. The atmospheric variables are sampled at a high temporal resolution to allow computation of boundary layer
turbulent fluxes of heat
and momentum
. Live data and time series are also made available via the World Wide Web
. http://wettermast-hamburg.zmaw.de/AktDatIndex.htm
technic3d.com, Literature "Wunder der Wellen", Author: Eduard Rhein
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio visual medium. Receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of thereof...
facility in Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
-Billstedt
Billstedt
Billstedt is a quarter in the borough Hamburg-Mitte, in the eastern part of Hamburg, Germany. In 2007, the population was 68,936, it was the second-most populous quarter.-History:Schifbeck, Öjendorff, Steinbeck and Schlem are the old settlements....
, established in 1934. It is owned and operated by the Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR transmits for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein...
public broadcasting service, but open to competitors, too.
From 1934 to 1949 it used as transmission aerial
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
a wire hung up in a tower of wood. This tower had until 1941 a height of 145 metres. In 1941 its height was reduced to 84.5 metres and in 1949 it was demolished.
In 1940 a second aerial in form of a triangle area aerial was built. This aerial allowing transmitting on a wide frequency range was demolished in the Fifties
1950s
The 1950s or The Fifties was the decade that began on January 1, 1950 and ended on December 31, 1959. The decade was the sixth decade of the 20th century...
.
In 1949/50 a 198 metre high guyed steelframework mast with a cage aerial
Cage aerial
A Cage aerial is a radio antenna, which consists of the top portion of a tower or mast and of several parallel wires, which are radially arranged around the lower part of the mast. one advantage of the cage aerial is that the supporting tower can be grounded, allowing it to be used for other radio...
and a transmission aerial for FM
FM broadcasting
FM broadcasting is a broadcasting technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong which uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. The term "FM band" describes the "frequency band in which FM is used for broadcasting"...
and TV on its top was erected. From this mast, which was partly destroyed by a storm during its erection in December 1949, between 1953 and 1962 the programme of the "Deutschen Langwellensender" (German longwave
Longwave
In radio, longwave refers to parts of radio spectrum with relatively long wavelengths. The term is a historic one dating from the early 20th century, when the radio spectrum was considered to consist of long, medium and short wavelengths...
transmitter) was broadcast.
This programme was transmitted in a special modulation mode, the compatible single sideband modulation, allowing smaller bandwidth and the possibility of reception with conventional AM receivers.
Because this mast was under high voltage the aerials for FM and TV on its top were fed via a Goubau line.
In the first half of the 1960s this aerial mast was demounted and the current installation built. It consists of:
- GuyedGuyed mastA guyed mast is a tall thin vertical structure that receives support from guy lines.Guyed masts are frequently used for radio masts. The mast can either support aerials mounted at its top, or the entire structure itself can function as an antenna ; this is called a mast radiator...
steel tube mast for FM and TV, built in 1960. This radio mast has a diameter of 2 metres. It was 255 metres high in 1960 and grew to 300 metres in the meantime. - Guyed tubular mast radiator for mediumwaveMediumwaveMedium wave is the part of the medium frequency radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. For Europe the MW band ranges from 526.5 kHz to 1606.5 kHz...
. This mast, which is 184 metres tall, is insulated against ground. It is designed as double feedable fading-reducing aerial and therefore equipped with a separation insulator in a height of 101 metres - Guyed steel tube mast with a height of 120.9 metres and a diameter of 0.7 metres. This mast was built in 1939. It stood until 1963 in Osterloog and was dismounted in this year and rebuilt in Hamburg-Billstedt. It is insulated against ground and used as back-up aerial for mediumwave.
- Guyed steel framework mast with a height of 77 metres insulated against ground. This mast built in 1979 is used as reflector mast for the 184 metre high medium wave transmission mast. Its construction was necessary because of the conditions of the waveplan of Geneva.
Since 1967, the University of Hamburg
University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg is a university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by Wilhelm Stern and others. It grew out of the previous Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen and the Kolonialinstitut as well as the Akademisches Gymnasium. There are around 38,000 students as of the start of...
has been using the 304 m-mast as a five-level meteorological measurement platform, with thermometer
Thermometer
Developed during the 16th and 17th centuries, a thermometer is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles. A thermometer has two important elements: the temperature sensor Developed during the 16th and 17th centuries, a thermometer (from the...
s, hygrometer
Hygrometer
A hygrometer is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the environmental air, or humidity. Most measurement devices usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed...
s, and anemometer
Anemometer
An anemometer is a device for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. The term is derived from the Greek word anemos, meaning wind, and is used to describe any airspeed measurement instrument used in meteorology or aerodynamics...
s mounted at various heights up to 250 m above ground. The atmospheric variables are sampled at a high temporal resolution to allow computation of boundary layer
Boundary layer
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is that layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where effects of viscosity of the fluid are considered in detail. In the Earth's atmosphere, the planetary boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal...
turbulent fluxes of heat
Heat
In physics and thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. It is often described as one of the fundamental processes of energy transfer between...
and momentum
Momentum
In classical mechanics, linear momentum or translational momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object...
. Live data and time series are also made available via the World Wide Web
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet...
. http://wettermast-hamburg.zmaw.de/AktDatIndex.htm
Hamburg's Light Miracle
In 1934, short after the inauguration of the facility, some owners of recreational gardens discovered, that a light bulb connected to ground and a highly spun wire make the bulb light up brightly enough to illuminate a small housing. Later many other did so. Transmission energy is taken from the transmitter, and induces electrical power in the wire. This effect was not discovered immediately. Later, technicians of the transmitter noticed, that in the housings of nearby gardens lights went on and off depending on whether the transmitter was switched on or off. This phenomenon got the nickname "Hamburger Lichtwunder" (German: "Hamburg's light miracle"). After this was discovered, use of transmitting energy of radio transmitters for other purposes than radio reception was prohibited in Germany by law.technic3d.com, Literature "Wunder der Wellen", Author: Eduard Rhein
Radio transmitter
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- Google Maps: Main Transmission Mast
Meteorological observatory
- http://wettermast-hamburg.zmaw.de/