Tongjiang
Encyclopedia
Tongjiang is a city of 160,000 in eastern Heilongjiang
province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua
and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with Russia
. Administratively it is a county-level city of Jiamusi
.
occupied northern Korea
and parts of Manchuria
and Primorsky Krai
, consisting of the Nanai, the Udege
, and the Evenks
and descendants of the Tungus
-speaking people and the people of the recently fallen Goguryeo
kingdom of Korea. The vicinity of Tongjiang was settled at this moment by Heishui Mohe tribes (Hangul
: 흑수말갈 Hanja
/Hanzi : 黑水靺鞨 pinyin
: Hēishuǐ Mòhé). These tribes were submitted to Balhae Kingdom under King Seon
's reign (818-830).
King Seon administrated their territories by creating a prefecture in the neighbourhood : The Hoiwon Prefecture (Hangul
: 회원부 Hanja
: 懷遠府) with Dalju (Hangul
: 달주 Hanja
:達州) present-day Tongjiang
(Hanzi :同江 pinyin
:Tóngjiāng), as its administrative centre.
was announced in 2007 by Valery Solomonovich Gurevich
, the vice-chairman of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
in Russia
. He said that China and Russia would start construction of the first railway bridge over the Amur River at the end of 2007. Nizhneleninskoye
, a village in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
, will be joined by a railway bridge to Tongjiang.
As of November 2008, construction has not started yet, but the transport ministries of the two countries have signed an agreement about building it; at this point, the construction work was expected to start in 2009 and to be completed in 2011.
Heilongjiang
For the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑...
province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua
Songhua River
The Songhua or Sunggari River is a river in Northeast China, and is the largest tributary of the Heilong River , flowing about from Changbai Mountains through Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. The river drains of land, and has an annual discharge of .As the Second Songhua River, it joins the...
and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Administratively it is a county-level city of Jiamusi
Jiamusi
Jiamusi is a prefecture-level city in the province of Heilongjiang, in the People's Republic of China. Located on the riverside of the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, It faces Russia across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang River...
.
Early medieval history
From 698 to 936, the kingdom of BalhaeBalhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
occupied northern Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
and parts of Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
and Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
, consisting of the Nanai, the Udege
Udege
Udege are a people who live in the Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai regions in Russia. They live along the tributaries of the Ussuri, Amur, Kungari and Anyuy Rivers. The Udege speak the Udege language, which belongs to the Tungusic language family...
, and the Evenks
Evenks
The Evenks are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527...
and descendants of the Tungus
Tungusic languages
The Tungusic languages form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered, and the long-term future of the family is uncertain...
-speaking people and the people of the recently fallen Goguryeo
Goguryeo
Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province....
kingdom of Korea. The vicinity of Tongjiang was settled at this moment by Heishui Mohe tribes (Hangul
Hangul
Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean...
: 흑수말갈 Hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
/Hanzi : 黑水靺鞨 pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
: Hēishuǐ Mòhé). These tribes were submitted to Balhae Kingdom under King Seon
Seon of Balhae
Dae Insu, also known as King Seon was the 10th king of the Korean kingdom of Balhae. He restored national strength, and is remembered today as the last of the great Balhae rulers before its fall.- Background :...
's reign (818-830).
King Seon administrated their territories by creating a prefecture in the neighbourhood : The Hoiwon Prefecture (Hangul
Hangul
Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean...
: 회원부 Hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
: 懷遠府) with Dalju (Hangul
Hangul
Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean...
: 달주 Hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
:達州) present-day Tongjiang
Tongjiang
Tongjiang is a city of 160,000 in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with Russia...
(Hanzi :同江 pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
:Tóngjiāng), as its administrative centre.
Amur Bridge Project
The Amur Bridge ProjectAmur Bridge Project
The Amur Bridge Project was announced in 2007 by Valery Solomonovich Gurevich, the vice-chairman of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. He stated that China and Russia might start construction of the first railway bridge over the Amur River at the end of 2007...
was announced in 2007 by Valery Solomonovich Gurevich
Valery Solomonovich Gurevich
Valery Solomonovich Gurevich a Russian politician, is the vice-governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.-Leadership in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast:...
, the vice-chairman of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subject of Russia situated in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and Heilongjiang province of China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan....
in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. He said that China and Russia would start construction of the first railway bridge over the Amur River at the end of 2007. Nizhneleninskoye
Nizhneleninskoye
Nizhneleninskoye is a village in Leninsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Located on the Amur River, Nizhneleninskoye is the location for the Amur Bridge Project which will cross over the river to China. Nizhneleninskoye will be joined by a railway bridge to Tongjiang in Heilongjiang...
, a village in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subject of Russia situated in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and Heilongjiang province of China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan....
, will be joined by a railway bridge to Tongjiang.
As of November 2008, construction has not started yet, but the transport ministries of the two countries have signed an agreement about building it; at this point, the construction work was expected to start in 2009 and to be completed in 2011.
