The Toi invasion was the invasion of northern Kyūshū

Kyushu

is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include , , and . The historical regional name is referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands....

 by Jurchen

Jurchens

The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century, when they adopted the name Manchu...

 pirates in 1019. Toi meant barbarian in the Korean language

Korean language

Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...

 at the time.

Sailing in about 50 ships from direction of Goryeo, the Toi pirates assaulted Iki

Iki Province

was a province of Japan in the area of Nagasaki Prefecture. The province which occupied the entire area of Iki Island. It is also known as .- Political History :...

, Tsushima

Tsushima Province

was an old province of Japan on Tsushima Island which occupied the area corresponding to modern-day Tsushima, Nagasaki. It was sometimes called .-Political History:...

 and then Hakata Bay

Hakata Bay

Hakata Bay is a bay in the northwestern part of Fukuoka city, on the Japanese island of Kyūshū. It faces the Tsushima Strait, and features beaches and a port, though parts of the bay have been reclaimed in the expansion of the city of Fukuoka...

. Using Noko Island ( noko no shima) in the bay as the base, for a week they despoiled villages and kidnapped Japanese people for use as slaves. At that time, Dazaifu, the administrative center of Kyūshū. He raised soldiers and successfully drove them away.

Three enemies were captured by Japanese army in Matsura, but they were identified as Koreans. They said that they had guarded the borderland but had been captured by the Toi. However, Japanese officers suspected them because there had been some Korean pirates in the former Silla

Silla

Silla was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and one of the longest sustained dynasties in...

 period. But, after Nakamine no Mochitaka's report who smuggled himself in to Goryeo, this suspicion was resolved. A few months later, the Goryeo delegate Jeong Jaryang reported that Goryeo forces attacked the pirates off Wŏnsan

Wonsan

Wŏnsan is a port city and naval base in southeastern North Korea. It is the capital of Kangwŏn Province. The population of the city is estimated to have been 331,000 in 2000. Notable people from Wŏnsan include Kim Ki Nam, diplomat and Secretary of the Workers' Party.- History :The original name of...

 and rescued about 260 Japanese. The Korean government then repatriated them to Japan. There remain detailed reports by two captive women, Kura no Iwame and Tajihi no Akomi.

These Jurchen pirates lived in what is today Hamgyŏngdo, North Korea

North Korea

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...

. They frequently attacked the eastern coast of the Korean peninsula. In particular, Ulleungdo

Ulleungdo

Ulleungdo is a South Korean island in the Sea of Japan . Formerly known as Dagelet to the Europeans, Ulleungdo is about 120 km east of the Korean Peninsula...

was abandoned because of their massive attacks. The invasion in 1019 was one of those incidents.