Tivat
Encyclopedia
Tivat is a coastal town in southwest Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...

, located in the Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...

. It has a population of 14,111 (2011 census).

Tivat is the centre of the municipality, which is the smallest municipality by area in Montenegro.

History

The origin of the name Tivat supposedly goes back to the 3rd century BC. According to most sources, the name Tivat comes from the name of old Ilyric queen Teute, whose residence was in Risan and summer residence between the church of St Roco in Donja Lastva and Seljanovo. The name could also come from the names of old Christian saints: Sanctus Theodulus, Theodocius or Theodotus. Besides popular name Theudo, there is also a Latin expression Latus Tiuveti from 16th century. Finally the name could originate from Celtic word "touto" which means town.

Tivat, the youngest town in the Boka area was established on the spacious plateau at the bottom of Vrmac. According to the archives of Kotor
Kotor
Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality....

 (then called "Cattaro", the following names were mentioned here in the 14th century: Teude, Theode, and Theudo who are related to the queen Teuta.

Archeological discoveries in modern times show that this area was inhabited since prehistoric times.
Many locations show that there were old Roman and Greek settlements where today Tivat is. Tombs and tombstones from Roman period were discovered in Lastva and Opatovo.

During the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

 the fertile lands of the Tivat area belonged mostly to the aristocrats of Cattaro, Prčanj
Prčanj
Prčanj is a small town in Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. According to the 2003 census, the town has a population of 1244 people.It is located 3 miles west of Kotor, opposite Dobrota and between the settlements of Muo and Stoliv. All its history has been written at sea...

 and Dobrota
Dobrota
Dobrota is a town in the Kotor Municipality in coastal Montenegro. Although administratively a separate town, it is de facto part of Kotor, and encompasses most of Kotor's residential area, while town of Kotor administratively encompasses town's historical core...

. There were their big properties, castles, and chalets as well as the collective church of St. Anton
St. Anton
Sankt Anton am Arlberg is a village and ski resort in Tyrol, western Austria, with a permanent population of approximately . It is situated at above sea level in the Tyrolean Alps, with Aerial tramways and chairlifts up to . It is also a popular summer resort among trekkers and...

 dating from 1373. Part of this inheritance, which was the property of the wealthy Dalmatian Italian Buca family, is a historic chalet which today houses Tivat’s museums and galleries. The residence of the metropolitan of the Zeta
Zeta
-Science:* Zeta functions, in mathematics** Riemann zeta function* Zeta potential, the electrokinetic potential of a colloidal system* Tropical Storm Zeta , formed in December 2005 and lasting through January 2006* Z-pinch, in fusion power...

n diocese was built from the 13th to the 15th century on Prevlaka Island
Prevlaka Island
Prevlaka Island is an island on the Adriatic Sea, in Montenegrin municipality of Tivat.-About the island:Prevlaka Island is located near the town of Tivat, in the Bay of Kotor. The island is 300 m long and 200 m wide...

.

Tivat (called Teodo in the Venetian language
Venetian language
Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken as a native language by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where of five million inhabitants almost all can understand it. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia...

), was under the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...

 as a part of Albania Veneta
Albania Veneta
Venetian Albania was the name for the possessions of the Venetian Republic in southern Dalmatia that existed from 1420 to 1797. It originally covered the coastal area of what is now northern Albania and the coast of Montenegro, but the Albanian and southern Montenegrin parts were lost to the...

 from 1420 to 1797. In those centuries Teodo enjoyed an economic development, that attracted many Serbs as refugees from ottoman held areas. Some Venetian-style buildings were made in Teodo, still standing today.

Rapid development of Tivat started in second half of 19th century when the Austrian empire built a maritime arsenal for its fleet. Still the town shaped itself by developing an industry of small capacity. In the beginning of 1918, in the Tivat Bay there was an uprising of sailors against the mighty and large Austrian empire. With great approval and support, people from this area and workers of arsenal followed the revolutionary actions of the sailors. The period between two world wars was marked with syndicate activity in Racica, Krtoli and Arsenal. Between 1941 and 1943 the town was part of the Italian Governatorate of Dalmatia.

In 1889 the Naval arsenal was built by Austrians
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...

, and was later used as a naval military base
Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. In general, a military base provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a...

 of the Italian Navy, the Yugoslav People's Army and the Army of Montenegro. The JNA enjoyed an international reputation as a powerful, well-equipped, and well trained force. The base was also used by Russia and Libya as the technical base for maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) of their ships and submarines.

The new owner of the naval base, Canadian billionaire Peter Munk, announced that he will build in Tivat a luxury marina for mega-yachts, "Porto Montenegro ", which he claims will turn the city into the "Monaco of the southern Adriatic. "

Geography

It is located in the central part of the Boka, south of mount Vrmac
Vrmac
Vrmac is a mountain in southern Montenegro.It is an extension of Mount Lovćen, and is 710 m high. It is located north of town of Tivat, and encloses town of Kotor from the south. Vrmac Tunnel, which connects Kotor with the rest of Montenegro, goes through the mountain....

. The municipality lies mostly south of the town, and also has an exit to open sea at the tourist location Pržno inlet near Radovići village in south. Its central part, where Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport is an international airport located from the centre of Tivat, Montenegro in the center of the Boka Kotorska bay....

 is located, lies in fertile Grbalj valley. The airport is located near the isthmus
Isthmus
An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas usually with waterforms on either side.Canals are often built through isthmuses where they may be particularly advantageous to create a shortcut for marine transportation...

 of Luštica
Luštica
Luštica is a peninsula on the south Adriatic Sea, located at the entrance of the Bay of Kotor also known as the Boka Kotorska or the Boka. It effectively separates Tivat Bay from the Adriatic....

 peninsula, which belongs to the municipality of Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi is a coastal town in Montenegro located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen. It is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants...

 for the most part.

Tivat is an area with extraordinary natural beauty. Its geographical position, climate and natural beauty make it a very attractive tourist destination. Boka was described and celebrated in verse by many poets, writers and scientists: Vuk Karadžić, Ljubomir Nenadović, Njegoš, Matavulj, Laza Kostić, Šantić, Jovan Cvijić and many others. Boka has captured many writers of travels from England, Germany and France, among them: Padget, Lamb, Fraser, Gilles Verne, and Pierre Loti. American Boyd said:” God made the world in six days, and on the seventh day he took his time and created this fjord under Lovcen”
With its mild Mediterranean climate, evergreen and rich flora, many sunny days and calm sea in the bay, Tivat is equally suitable for summer and winter holidays.

Tivat has about 14,000 inhabitants. It is 19 kilometers away from Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi is a coastal town in Montenegro located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen. It is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants...

, 17 km (10.56 mi) away from Kotor, 23 kilometers away from Budva, 80 kilometers from Dubrovnik and 90 kilometers from Podgorica. From geomorphologic point of view municipality of Tivat is composed of three areas: Vrmac hill with peaks Velji Vrh (710m) and Popova glava (584m). Water activity formed capes Seljanovo, Pakovo and Racica.

The second area is Tivat field, flattened by water activity. The third area is Krtoli with islands – Island of Flowers, St Marco, and Lady of Mercy which is turned to Topljansko-Novski bay on the north-west and to Grbalj area on the south-east.

Population

Tivat is the administrative centre of Tivat municipality, which has a population of 14,031 (2011).

In 1991 - 11,404:
  • 3,809 Montenegrins (33.4%)
  • 2,663 Croats
    Croats
    Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

     (23.35%)
  • 2,346 Yugoslavs
    Yugoslavs
    Yugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...

     (20.57%)
  • 1,724 Serbs
    Serbs
    The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

     (15.11%)
  • 219 Muslims
    Muslims by nationality
    Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

     (1.92%)
  • 485 others (4.27%)


Ethnic groups (2011 data), totally 14,031:
  • 4,666 Montenegrins (33.25%)
  • 4,435 Serbs
    Serbs
    The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

     (31.61%)
  • 2,304 Croats
    Croats
    Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

     (16.42%)
  • 335 Egyptians
    Egyptians
    Egyptians are nation an ethnic group made up of Mediterranean North Africans, the indigenous people of Egypt.Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to...

     (2.39%)
  • 114 Muslims
    Muslims by nationality
    Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

     (0.81%)
  • 97 Albanians
    Albanians
    Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...

     (0.69%)
  • 96 Bosniaks
    Bosniaks
    The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

     (0.68%)
  • 61 Yugoslavs
    Yugoslavs
    Yugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...

     (0.43%)
  • 57 Slovenes (0.41%)
  • 56 Russians
    Russians
    The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....

     (0.4%)
  • 35 Roma (0.25%)
  • 500 others (3.56%)
  • 1,275 undeclared (9.09%)

Languages

  • Serbian
    Serbian language
    Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....

    : 8 916 (65,41%)
  • Montenegrin
    Montenegrin language
    Montenegrin is a name used for the Serbo-Croatian language as spoken by Montenegrins; it also refers to an incipient standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian used as the official language of Montenegro...

     2 420 (17,75%)
  • Croatian
    Croatian language
    Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...

     1 144 (8,39%)
  • rest and unknown 1 150 (8,45%)

Tourism

Besides being a popular tourist resort, Tivat is set to become a nautical tourism
Nautical tourism
Nautical tourism is an increasingly popular way to combine love of sailing and boating with vacation and holiday activities. First defined as an industry segment in Europe and South America, it has since caught on in the United States and the Pacific Rim....

 centre of southern Adriatic.
The inlets near Prevlaka, as well as the localities of Župa and Kalimanj, provide great conditions for the construction of marina
Marina
A marina is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats.A marina differs from a port in that a marina does not handle large passenger ships or cargo from freighters....

s and yachting clubs. Canadian businessman Peter Munk
Peter Munk
Peter Munk, CC is a Canadian businessman. He is the chairman and founder of the mining company Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold-mining corporation.-Early years:...

 has bought a naval shipyard
Shipyard
Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial...

 in Tivat, and intends to transform it in luxury vacation resort and a marina
Porto Montenegro
Porto Montenegro is a Luxury yacht marina and adjacent waterfront development currently under construction in Tivat, Montenegro.The construction site was a naval shipyard named Arsenal, which fell into disuse after the Yugoslav Wars and the decline of the SFR Yugoslav Navy...

 for luxury yacht
Luxury yacht
The term luxury yacht, “Superyacht” and "Large Yacht" refers to very expensive, privately owned yachts which are professionally crewed. Also known as a Super Yacht, a luxury yacht may be either a sailing or motor yacht.-History:...

s. In Tivat hinterlands, adjacent to Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport is an international airport located from the centre of Tivat, Montenegro in the center of the Boka Kotorska bay....

, golf course
Golf course
A golf course comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, fairway, rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick and cup, all designed for the game of golf. A standard round of golf consists of playing 18 holes, thus most golf courses have this number of holes...

s have been planned, further shaping Tivats prospects as a luxury resort.

Beginning from 1971 the Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport is an international airport located from the centre of Tivat, Montenegro in the center of the Boka Kotorska bay....

 acquired the modern runway and it is now a significant airport for foreign air traffic. It served 573,914 passengers in 2007.

Although it is the youngest town in the Boka region, Tivat has many interesting and attractive destinations. Renaissance Summer House Buca in the centre of city, Ostrvo Cvijeća
Prevlaka Island
Prevlaka Island is an island on the Adriatic Sea, in Montenegrin municipality of Tivat.-About the island:Prevlaka Island is located near the town of Tivat, in the Bay of Kotor. The island is 300 m long and 200 m wide...

 (Flowers’ Island) with sacred monuments, Gornja Lastva, the old nucleus at an altitude of 300 m (984.25 ft), the magnificent sandy beach at Plavi Horizonti and the Sveti Marko Island
Sveti Marko Island
Sveti Marko is an island on the Adriatic Sea, in the Montenegrin municipality of Tivat.-About the island:...

 with ex-Club Med
Club Med
Club Méditerranée , commonly known as Club Med, is a French corporation of vacation resorts found in many parts of the world, usually in exotic locations. It is considered the original all-inclusive resort.-Foundation:...

 cottages are the most visited tourist destinations in Tivat area. In the city itself there is the natural port Kalimanj. There is also a choice of cultural events, such as "Bocce Olympiad" and "Summer Fest".

Tivat boasts a beautiful botanic garden thanks to the Bokan sailors who brought back a wide variety of exotic tree species and ornamental plants from their voyages around the globe.

Transport

Tivat is connected with the rest of Montenegro by Adriatic Highway, a two-laned road that extends for the length of Montenegrin coast
Montenegrin Littoral
The Montenegrin Littoral is a region in Montenegro which borders the Adriatic Sea. Prior to the Creation of Yugoslavia, the Montenegrin Littoral was not part of the Kingdom of Montenegro, but rather a bordering region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, latterly part of the State of Slovenes, Croats,...

. Reaching inland is made possible by detouring from the Adriatic Highway at Budva
Budva
Budva is a coastal town in Montenegro. It has around 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the centre of municipality...

 or Sutomore
Sutomore
Sutomore is a small coastal town in Bar Municipality, Montenegro. A 2003 census put the population at 1,827.-History:...

 (through Sozina tunnel
Sozina tunnel
The Sozina Tunnel is a road tunnel in Montenegro, and is a part of E65 European route. It is located north of town of Sutomore, and is designed to bypass the mountain range "Paštrovska Gora" that separates Montenegrin coast from Zeta plain and Skadar Lake basin .The road tunnel "Sozina" is 4,189 m...

).

The ferry operates on Kamenari - Lepetane line at Verige strait, eliminating the need to go all the way around Boka Kotorska bay in order to reach Herceg Novi riviera. It is speculated that on this ferry route the future Verige bridge
Verige bridge
The Verige bridge is a planned bridge in Montenegro that would span the Bay of Kotor, crossing the Verige Strait at the Bay's entrance, after which it is named. It will be part of the Adriatic Highway . As of 2007, the planning stage of the bridge is completed, and construction of the bridge can...

 will be built.

Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport
Tivat Airport is an international airport located from the centre of Tivat, Montenegro in the center of the Boka Kotorska bay....

 is 3 km (1.9 mi) away. This is the biggest airport in Montenegro, although Podgorica airport
Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport is an international airport located south of Podgorica, Montenegro. It is the main hub for Montenegro Airlines....

 is more modern. There are regular flights to Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...

 throughout the year, and dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Tivat is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with: Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Lazio. A sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea, it is located 80 kilometers west-north-west of Rome, across the Mignone river. The harbor is formed by two piers and a breakwater, on which is a lighthouse...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

  Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci is a town and municipality in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, situated on the bank of the river Danube, 8 km from Novi Sad...

, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...

  Aleksin
Aleksin
Aleksin is a town and the administrative center of Aleksinsky District of Tula Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Tula. Population: -History:...

, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...


External links

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