The Rocky Mountain Rangers
Encyclopedia
The Rocky Mountain Rangers is a Primary Reserve infantry
regiment
of the Canadian Forces
. The regimental headquarters are located at JR Vicars Armoury in Kamloops, British Columbia
. It had an alliance with The Green Howards in the United Kingdom
.
The Rocky Mountain Rangers are part of the 39 Canadian Brigade Group
and also part of Land Force Western Area
Commanded by Major Stewart, a former cavalry officer, the Rocky Mountain Rangers was a body of mounted irregulars, consisting of cowboys and ranchers from what is now southern Alberta. After rebellion had been quelled, Major Stewart requested the unit be placed on the General Service list as a permanent militia unit. He was not successful and the unit was disbanded after being in existence little more than three months. There is no official lineage to The Rocky Mountain Rangers Regiment currently located in British Columbia. The connection is in name only. The South Alberta Light Horse reserve regiment is officially considered the unit perpetuating the Rocky Mountain Rangers of 1885
On July 1, 1898, five independent rifle companies were formed in the interior of British Columbia at Kamloops, Nelson, Kaslo, Rossland and Revelstoke. These units were named by their location (Kamloops Rifle Company etc.) The independent companies were renamed the Rocky Mountain Rangers in 1900 but remained independent companies. No regimental headquarters was established at this time. The same year saw nineteen men from the unit depart to fight in the Second Boer War
.
On April 1, 1908 an additional company was formed in Nelson, this unit with the three southern companies were amalgamated to form the 102nd Regiment with headquarters in Nelson. An independent company was formed in Armstrong. The Rocky Mountain Rangers were reduced to two companies in Kamloops and Revelstoke. In 1909 these two remaining companies were amalgamated with the others to form the 102nd Regiment Rocky Mountain Rangers. In 1912 a reorganization of the regiment saw the companies in Rossland, Nelson, Kaslo and Revelstoke disbanded, the headquarters relocated to Kamloops and the Armstrong company amalgamated. Later that year, the Revelstoke company was reinstated and more companies added at Kelowna, Salmon Arm, Vernon and Penticton.
With the advent of the First World War, the 102nd Regiment Rocky Mountain Rangers was placed on active service for local protection duties. In 1916 the unit raised the 172nd Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force for overseas deployment. On arrival overseas the battalion was dispersed to augment other Canadian infantry units. Although the men did not fight as Rocky Mountain Rangers, the regiment was awarded battle honours by virtue of their contribution in the battles of Arras, 1917, Hill 70, Ypres 1917, Amiens, Hindenburg Line and Valenciennes. Princess Patricia presented a set of unofficial colours to the 172nd battalion in 1916. The Battle Honours were emblazoned on the colours after the war.
The 102nd Regiment continued to serve in a reserve capacity for much of the war. One of its tasking was to staff internment camps at Revelstoke, Mara Lake and Vernon. The 102nd also provided substantial numbers to the 54th (Kootenay) Battalion of the CEF. In 1917 the 172nd Battalion was reduced to nil and disbanded to be perpetuated by The Rocky Mountain Rangers. In 1920 the regiment renamed The Rocky Mountain Rangers and reorganized to four companies. The unit organization remained basically the same until the start of the Second World War.
In August 1939 the regiment was called out for local defense duties, to guard vulnerable points along the CPR/CNR railroads. This task was taken over by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police by early 1940 as the regiment was down to almost nil strength due to re-enforcement drafts to other active units.
In June 1940 the regiment, redesignated The Rocky Mountain Rangers CASF, was ordered to mobilize to full wartime strength. The active service 1st Battalion was employed on west-coast defense duties in various communities in the Vancouver area, Prince Rupert and on Vancouver Island. During one notable deployment, the battalion marched from Kamloops to Vancouver as a training exercise under simulated war conditions. The 500 km march took 14 days with temperatures reaching 40 degrees Celsius. This march was re-enacted by the unit's serving members in 1998.
The situation developing in the Pacific presented a real and immediate threat to the Pacific coast and the BC interior. To meet this threat the reserve unit, now re-designated the 2nd Battalion, was assigned to the 39 (Reserve) Brigade Group and tasked to provide protection of vulnerable industrial points along the CPR railroad lines in the interior and to recruit and train as part of a brigade group in defence of the west coast. With its headquarters remaining in Kamloops, the battalion was spread along the main and southern CPR rail lines from Ashcroft in the west to Fernie in the east.
In 1943 the 1st Battalion, then part of the 13th Infantry Brigade, sailed from Vancouver Island to the American base on the island of Adak in the Aleutian Island chain where the Battalion underwent specialized training for the assault on the Japanese-occupied island of Kiska. The Rocky Mountain Rangers formed the core of the 16th Canadian Combat Team for the assault on Kiska. The force sailed from Adak on 13 August for a scheduled assault on Kiska two days later. As it was, the Japanese had abandoned the island several days before under the cover of fog and darkness including a cannon which was later brought back to Vernon Military Camp, (now Vernon Army Cadet Summer Training Centre). The Rangers remained on the island until the middle of January 1944, unfortunately losing an officer and several men to booby traps and friendly fire. Later that year the 1st Battalion sailed to Europe as part of the 13th Infantry Brigade. This operations is commemorated every year with the unit's Christmas dinner being designated as Kiska dinner. Upon arrival in England the Rangers were welcomed and hosted by the British infantry regiment, The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales Own Yorkshire Regiment), the beginning of a close relationship which continues today. The two regiments were officially designated allied regiments in 1948. As in the First World War the 1st Battalion was broken up to augment other under strength Canadian units. Once again over 5000 Rocky Mountain Rangers fought overseas with other Canadian units.
In 1946 the unit was reverted to reserve status with HQ in Kamloops and companies in Kamloops, Prince George
, Salmon Arm, Armstrong and Revelstoke. In 1952 the company in Revelstoke was relocated to Whitehorse. This company became inactive three years later. In 1959 the Armstrong company headquarters was relocated to Revelstoke. This organization remained until 1970 when the companies in Prince George and Salmon Arm were reduced to nil strength. In 1978 the company in Revelstoke was relocated to Salmon Arm. In 1998 the company in Salmon Arm was reduced to nil strength and relocated on paper to Kamloops.
The original Regimental Colour presented to the regiment by Princess Patricia in 1916, though never consecrated, now hang in St Paul's Cathedral in Kamloops. In 1983 Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, presented the first official consecrated colours to the regiment in a ceremony at Kamloops. A replacement Regimental Colours was presented in 1998 following the official reversion to green facings used by the rifle regiments in place of the blue facing used by line infantry regiments.
The Freedom of the City of Kamloops was presented to the regiment in 1982 and in Salmon Arm in 1992.
, '18, HILL 70
, YPRES, 1917, AMIENS, HINDENBURG LINE
, VALENCIENNES
In February 2011, 39 Canadian Brigade Group announced that the Rocky Mountain Rangers would be standing up a detachment of company strength in the community of Prince George, forty years after the unit there had been reduced to nil strength. The Rocky Mountain Rangers are currently increasing recruiting efforts in the community to reach platoon and then company size.
corps spread across British Columbia
that are affiliated to the Rocky Mountain Rangers. Cadets are not soldiers; they are part of an organization dedicated to developing citizenship and leadership among young men and women aged 12 to 18 years of age with a military flavour, and are not required to join the Canadian Forces
.
Cadet units affiliated to the Rocky Mountain Rangers receive support and also are entitled to wear traditional regimental accoutrements on their uniform
the history of The Rocky Mountain Rangers in peace and war, and its history within the context of the military history of Canada, both for Regimental personnel and the general public.
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...
of the Canadian Forces
Canadian Forces
The Canadian Forces , officially the Canadian Armed Forces , are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."...
. The regimental headquarters are located at JR Vicars Armoury in Kamloops, British Columbia
Kamloops, British Columbia
Kamloops is a city in south central British Columbia, at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River and near Kamloops Lake. It is the largest community in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District and the location of the regional district's offices. The surrounding region is more commonly...
. It had an alliance with The Green Howards in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
.
The Rocky Mountain Rangers are part of the 39 Canadian Brigade Group
39 Canadian Brigade Group
The 39 Canadian Brigade Group is part of Land Force Western Area of the Canadian Army. It is composed of Canadian Forces Primary Reserve units which are based in British Columbia. No. 39 CBG is headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the Jericho Garrison on West 4th Avenue...
and also part of Land Force Western Area
Land Force Western Area
Land Force Western Area is one of four operational commands of the Canadian Army. LFWA is responsible for all Canadian Army administration and operations in western Canada from the Pacific Ocean to Thunder Bay, Ontario...
History
The Rocky Mountain Rangers draw on the heritage of the militia unit of the same name raised on the eastern reaches of the Rocky Mountains during the North West Rebellion of 1885.Commanded by Major Stewart, a former cavalry officer, the Rocky Mountain Rangers was a body of mounted irregulars, consisting of cowboys and ranchers from what is now southern Alberta. After rebellion had been quelled, Major Stewart requested the unit be placed on the General Service list as a permanent militia unit. He was not successful and the unit was disbanded after being in existence little more than three months. There is no official lineage to The Rocky Mountain Rangers Regiment currently located in British Columbia. The connection is in name only. The South Alberta Light Horse reserve regiment is officially considered the unit perpetuating the Rocky Mountain Rangers of 1885
On July 1, 1898, five independent rifle companies were formed in the interior of British Columbia at Kamloops, Nelson, Kaslo, Rossland and Revelstoke. These units were named by their location (Kamloops Rifle Company etc.) The independent companies were renamed the Rocky Mountain Rangers in 1900 but remained independent companies. No regimental headquarters was established at this time. The same year saw nineteen men from the unit depart to fight in the Second Boer War
Second Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
.
On April 1, 1908 an additional company was formed in Nelson, this unit with the three southern companies were amalgamated to form the 102nd Regiment with headquarters in Nelson. An independent company was formed in Armstrong. The Rocky Mountain Rangers were reduced to two companies in Kamloops and Revelstoke. In 1909 these two remaining companies were amalgamated with the others to form the 102nd Regiment Rocky Mountain Rangers. In 1912 a reorganization of the regiment saw the companies in Rossland, Nelson, Kaslo and Revelstoke disbanded, the headquarters relocated to Kamloops and the Armstrong company amalgamated. Later that year, the Revelstoke company was reinstated and more companies added at Kelowna, Salmon Arm, Vernon and Penticton.
With the advent of the First World War, the 102nd Regiment Rocky Mountain Rangers was placed on active service for local protection duties. In 1916 the unit raised the 172nd Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force for overseas deployment. On arrival overseas the battalion was dispersed to augment other Canadian infantry units. Although the men did not fight as Rocky Mountain Rangers, the regiment was awarded battle honours by virtue of their contribution in the battles of Arras, 1917, Hill 70, Ypres 1917, Amiens, Hindenburg Line and Valenciennes. Princess Patricia presented a set of unofficial colours to the 172nd battalion in 1916. The Battle Honours were emblazoned on the colours after the war.
The 102nd Regiment continued to serve in a reserve capacity for much of the war. One of its tasking was to staff internment camps at Revelstoke, Mara Lake and Vernon. The 102nd also provided substantial numbers to the 54th (Kootenay) Battalion of the CEF. In 1917 the 172nd Battalion was reduced to nil and disbanded to be perpetuated by The Rocky Mountain Rangers. In 1920 the regiment renamed The Rocky Mountain Rangers and reorganized to four companies. The unit organization remained basically the same until the start of the Second World War.
In August 1939 the regiment was called out for local defense duties, to guard vulnerable points along the CPR/CNR railroads. This task was taken over by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police by early 1940 as the regiment was down to almost nil strength due to re-enforcement drafts to other active units.
In June 1940 the regiment, redesignated The Rocky Mountain Rangers CASF, was ordered to mobilize to full wartime strength. The active service 1st Battalion was employed on west-coast defense duties in various communities in the Vancouver area, Prince Rupert and on Vancouver Island. During one notable deployment, the battalion marched from Kamloops to Vancouver as a training exercise under simulated war conditions. The 500 km march took 14 days with temperatures reaching 40 degrees Celsius. This march was re-enacted by the unit's serving members in 1998.
The situation developing in the Pacific presented a real and immediate threat to the Pacific coast and the BC interior. To meet this threat the reserve unit, now re-designated the 2nd Battalion, was assigned to the 39 (Reserve) Brigade Group and tasked to provide protection of vulnerable industrial points along the CPR railroad lines in the interior and to recruit and train as part of a brigade group in defence of the west coast. With its headquarters remaining in Kamloops, the battalion was spread along the main and southern CPR rail lines from Ashcroft in the west to Fernie in the east.
In 1943 the 1st Battalion, then part of the 13th Infantry Brigade, sailed from Vancouver Island to the American base on the island of Adak in the Aleutian Island chain where the Battalion underwent specialized training for the assault on the Japanese-occupied island of Kiska. The Rocky Mountain Rangers formed the core of the 16th Canadian Combat Team for the assault on Kiska. The force sailed from Adak on 13 August for a scheduled assault on Kiska two days later. As it was, the Japanese had abandoned the island several days before under the cover of fog and darkness including a cannon which was later brought back to Vernon Military Camp, (now Vernon Army Cadet Summer Training Centre). The Rangers remained on the island until the middle of January 1944, unfortunately losing an officer and several men to booby traps and friendly fire. Later that year the 1st Battalion sailed to Europe as part of the 13th Infantry Brigade. This operations is commemorated every year with the unit's Christmas dinner being designated as Kiska dinner. Upon arrival in England the Rangers were welcomed and hosted by the British infantry regiment, The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales Own Yorkshire Regiment), the beginning of a close relationship which continues today. The two regiments were officially designated allied regiments in 1948. As in the First World War the 1st Battalion was broken up to augment other under strength Canadian units. Once again over 5000 Rocky Mountain Rangers fought overseas with other Canadian units.
In 1946 the unit was reverted to reserve status with HQ in Kamloops and companies in Kamloops, Prince George
Prince George
-British princes:* Prince George Augustus, later George II of Great Britain * Prince George William of Great Britain , son of George II* Prince George William Frederick, later George III of the United Kingdom...
, Salmon Arm, Armstrong and Revelstoke. In 1952 the company in Revelstoke was relocated to Whitehorse. This company became inactive three years later. In 1959 the Armstrong company headquarters was relocated to Revelstoke. This organization remained until 1970 when the companies in Prince George and Salmon Arm were reduced to nil strength. In 1978 the company in Revelstoke was relocated to Salmon Arm. In 1998 the company in Salmon Arm was reduced to nil strength and relocated on paper to Kamloops.
The original Regimental Colour presented to the regiment by Princess Patricia in 1916, though never consecrated, now hang in St Paul's Cathedral in Kamloops. In 1983 Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, presented the first official consecrated colours to the regiment in a ceremony at Kamloops. A replacement Regimental Colours was presented in 1998 following the official reversion to green facings used by the rifle regiments in place of the blue facing used by line infantry regiments.
The Freedom of the City of Kamloops was presented to the regiment in 1982 and in Salmon Arm in 1992.
Battle honours
ARRAS 1917Battle of Arras (1917)
The Battle of Arras was a British offensive during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British, Canadian, New Zealand, Newfoundland, and Australian troops attacked German trenches near the French city of Arras on the Western Front....
, '18, HILL 70
Battle of Hill 70
The Battle of Hill 70 was a localized battle of World War I between the Canadian Corps and five divisions of the German Sixth Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France between 15 August 1917 and 25 August 1917.The primary...
, YPRES, 1917, AMIENS, HINDENBURG LINE
Hindenburg Line
The Hindenburg Line was a vast system of defences in northeastern France during World War I. It was constructed by the Germans during the winter of 1916–17. The line stretched from Lens to beyond Verdun...
, VALENCIENNES
Hundred Days Offensive
The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive forced the German armies to retreat...
Recent activities
In 2008 the unit saw the deployment of 12 of its soldiers to Afghanistan, and has since deployed troops in further support of the Canadian effort in Afghanistan. 2008 also marked the unit's 100th anniversary, making it one of the first reserve units in British Columbia to do so. In addition to Afghanistan related deployments, Rocky Mountain Rangers also provided support to the 2010 Winter Olympics.In February 2011, 39 Canadian Brigade Group announced that the Rocky Mountain Rangers would be standing up a detachment of company strength in the community of Prince George, forty years after the unit there had been reduced to nil strength. The Rocky Mountain Rangers are currently increasing recruiting efforts in the community to reach platoon and then company size.
Cadet corps
There are several Royal Canadian Army CadetsRoyal Canadian Army Cadets
The Royal Canadian Army Cadets is a Canadian national youth program sponsored by the Canadian Forces and the civilian Army Cadet League of Canada. Administered by the Canadian Forces, the program is funded through the Department of National Defence with the civilian partner providing support in...
corps spread across British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
that are affiliated to the Rocky Mountain Rangers. Cadets are not soldiers; they are part of an organization dedicated to developing citizenship and leadership among young men and women aged 12 to 18 years of age with a military flavour, and are not required to join the Canadian Forces
Canadian Forces
The Canadian Forces , officially the Canadian Armed Forces , are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."...
.
Cadet units affiliated to the Rocky Mountain Rangers receive support and also are entitled to wear traditional regimental accoutrements on their uniform
| Corps | Location | Current commanding officer | Formation date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 950 RCACC | Merrit | Capt Lynn Henville | December 13, 1921 |
| 1787 RCACC | Salmon Arm | Capt Teresa Brookes | February 28, 1941 |
| 2276 RCACC | Fort St. John | Capt Thor Toms | September 3, 1946 |
| 2305 RCACC | Kamloops | Capt Wayne R. Corbin | January 26, 1948 |
| 2458 RCACC | Revelstoke | Capt Kelly Rienks | October 1, 1952 |
| 2510 RCACC | Sicamous | Capt Tom Roebuck | January 1, 1954 |
| 2618 RCACC | Prince George | Capt Marguerite Parsons | January 13, 1958 |
| 2887 RCACC | 100 Mile House | Capt Kevin Seal | September 1, 1971 |
| 2941 RCACC | Clearwater | Capt Hethar MacIntosh | October 15, 2002 |
| 3063 RCACC | Enderby | Capt Evan Winkelaar | March 31, 2000 |
| 3064 RCACC | Williams Lake | Capt Mike Berns | September 1, 2000 |
The Rocky Mountain Rangers Museum and Archives
The museum collects and preserves artifacts, documents, records and material relating tothe history of The Rocky Mountain Rangers in peace and war, and its history within the context of the military history of Canada, both for Regimental personnel and the general public.