The Class Struggle (magazine)
Encyclopedia
The Class Struggle was a bi-monthly Marxist theoretical magazine
published in New York City
by the Socialist Publication Society. The SPS also published a series of pamphlets, mostly reprints from the magazine during the short period of its existence. Among the initial editors of the publication were Ludwig Lore
, Marxist theoreticians
Louis B. Boudin
and Louis C. Fraina
, the former of whom left the publication in 1918. In the third and final year of the periodical, The Class Struggle emerged as one of the primary English-language voices of the left wing factions
within the American Socialist Party and its final issue was published by the nascent Communist Labor Party of America.
(SPA) in the summer of 1901, there had been a more or less conscious left wing movement, which looked with disdain upon advocacy of a "minimum program" of ameliorative reform, instead arguing for the wholesale revolutionary transformation of politics and society. World War I
intensified the feelings of alienation of the left wing from the moderate leadership of the SPA and their almost exclusive concentration upon electoral politics. The Left saw the failure of the parliamentary Socialists of Europe to avert the catastrophe of war as indicative of what one historian has aptly characterized as the "fatal dilution of revolutionary principles by the party." The radicals, in ever more strident terms, objected to the "parliamentary cretinism
" and "sausage socialism" of the moderate wing of the socialist movement, gradually coming to view its existence as an impediment on the achievement of socialist change.
Further impetus to the Left Wing was provided by the victory of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party
, headed by V.I. Lenin in November 1917. The Bolshevik triumph seemed to validate the perspective of the radicals that socialist change would come through revolutionary upheaval rather than through piecemeal parliamentary reform. Parallel revolutionary efforts in Germany
, Finland, and Hungary
seemed to signal a new historical moment to the often young and always enthusiastic Left Wing movement. This movement sought to organize itself and to give voice to its ideas via the printed word. The magazine The Class Struggle, established late in the spring of 1917, was a particularly important vehicle for this emerging Left Wing.
, published in Chicago
from 1900 to 1918, and The New Review, a New York magazine published from 1913 to 1916 to which future Class Struggle editor Louis C. Fraina
was a key contributor.
Historian Theodore Draper
credits a successor to The New Review, called The New International, as the newspaper which played the "historic role as the first propaganda organ" of the proto-Communist Left Wing Section. Ten issues of the four-page newspaper were produced in New York, also edited by Louis Fraina and financed in large part by radical Dutch engineer S.J. Rutgers. No more than 1,000 copies were produced of each issue and the practical influence of the publication was ultimately limited. While not properly a theoretical journal itself, The New International did clearly play a transitional role linking the earlier publications of the Left Wing with The Class Struggle.
Leon Trotsky
arrived in New York. He was immediately drawn into a meeting on January 14, 1917 of about 20 Left Wing Socialists at the home of German-American radical Ludwig Lore
. Also attending the gathering were several other top emigrés from the Russian empire
, including feminist Alexandra Kollontay, theoretician Nikolai Bukharin
, and orator V. Volodarsky
. Joining them were Sen Katayama
, an exile from Japan, engineer S.J. Rutgers, and leading American radicals Louis C. Boudin, Louis C. Fraina
, and John D. Williams of the 1Socialist Propaganda Society1 of Boston. This meeting, called to discuss "a program of action for Socialists of the Left," debated whether American radicals should separate themselves from the Socialist Party of America
or stay within the organization. While Bukharin called for a prompt split, Trotsky sought the Left Wing to remain in the party and won the debate on the question.
The January 14 meeting formed a subcommittee to construct a definite proposal for the next session of the group. This committee came back with a proposal for the establishment of a bimonthly theoretical journal to further advance the views of the Zimmerwald Left
in America. The Class Struggle would ultimately emerge as the publication envisioned by this committee established by New York City radicals.
The Class Struggle was produced by a publishing holding company known as the Socialist Publication Society. Physical production of the magazine took place at the 15 Spruce Street address of the New Yorker Volkszeitung
, the German-language socialist daily newspaper then edited by Ludwig Lore.
in the penitentiary for his anti-war speech delivered at Canton, Ohio
, a reshuffling of the editorial board was in order. Joining Lore were the two other members of the CLP's editorial committee — Jack Carney, editor of the Duluth, Minnesota
CLP weekly, Truth, and Russian Federation member Gregory Weinstein, formerly the editor of the Russian-language weekly, Novyi Mir.
This shift of formal ownership proved to be ill-advised and fatal to the publication, however, as in November 1919 a series of raids began against the nascent American communist movement, culminating in the nationwide "Palmer Raids
" of January 2/3, 1920. The Communist Labor Party was driven underground in the aftermath, its membership decimated, its sources of income disconnected, its legal expenses exponentially increased. The November 1919 issue of The Class Struggle, proved to be the magazine's last.
Throughout the course of its existence, a total of 13 issues of The Class Struggle were produced, along with approximately a dozen pamphlets reissuing selected articles from its pages. The Class Struggle was reissued in book form in three bound volumes by the Greenwood Reprint Company in 1968, assuring its availability to research libraries around the word.
Vol. 1, No. 2 (July–August 1917)
Vol. 1, no. 3 (September–October 1917)
Vol. 1, no. 4 (November–December 1917)
Vol. 2, no. 1 (January–February 1918)
Vol. 2, no. 2 (March–April 1918)
Vol. 2, no. 3 (May–June 1918)
Vol. 2, no. 4 (September–October 1918)
Vol. 2, no. 5 (December 1918)
Vol. 3, no. 1 (February 1919)
Vol. 3, no. 2 (May 1919)
Vol. 3, no. 4 (August 1919)
Vol. 3, no. 3 (November 1919)
Published by the Communist Labor Party
Magazine
Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three...
published in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
by the Socialist Publication Society. The SPS also published a series of pamphlets, mostly reprints from the magazine during the short period of its existence. Among the initial editors of the publication were Ludwig Lore
Ludwig Lore
Ludwig Lore was an American socialist newspaper editor and politician, best remembered for his tenure as editor of the New Yorker Volkszeitung and role as a factional leader in the early American communist movement...
, Marxist theoreticians
Theoretician (Marxism)
A theoretician is a term from the vernacular of Marxism relating to an individual who observes and writes about the condition or dynamics of society, history, or economics, making use of the main principles of Marxian socialism in the analysis....
Louis B. Boudin
Louis B. Boudin
Louis B. Boudin was a Russian-born American Marxist theoretician, writer, politician, and lawyer. He is best remembered as the author of a two volume history of the Supreme Court's influence on American government, first published in 1932....
and Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina was a founding member of the American Communist Party in 1919. After running afoul of the Communist International in 1921 over the alleged misappropriation of funds, Fraina left the organized radical movement, emerging in 1930 as a left wing public intellectual by the name of Lewis...
, the former of whom left the publication in 1918. In the third and final year of the periodical, The Class Struggle emerged as one of the primary English-language voices of the left wing factions
Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party
The Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party was an organized faction within the Socialist Party of America in 1919 which served as the core of the dual communist parties which emerged in the fall of that year — the Communist Party of America and the Communist Labor Party of America.-Precusors:A...
within the American Socialist Party and its final issue was published by the nascent Communist Labor Party of America.
The Left Wing movement
Even prior to the establishment of the Socialist Party of AmericaSocialist Party of America
The Socialist Party of America was a multi-tendency democratic-socialist political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party which had split from the main organization...
(SPA) in the summer of 1901, there had been a more or less conscious left wing movement, which looked with disdain upon advocacy of a "minimum program" of ameliorative reform, instead arguing for the wholesale revolutionary transformation of politics and society. World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
intensified the feelings of alienation of the left wing from the moderate leadership of the SPA and their almost exclusive concentration upon electoral politics. The Left saw the failure of the parliamentary Socialists of Europe to avert the catastrophe of war as indicative of what one historian has aptly characterized as the "fatal dilution of revolutionary principles by the party." The radicals, in ever more strident terms, objected to the "parliamentary cretinism
Parliamentary cretinism
Parliamentary cretinism is a pejorative term originally coined by Karl Marx in chapter five of his Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, published in 1852 following Louis Napoleon's coup d'état in France. It describes the belief that a socialist society can be achieved by peaceful, parliamentary...
" and "sausage socialism" of the moderate wing of the socialist movement, gradually coming to view its existence as an impediment on the achievement of socialist change.
Further impetus to the Left Wing was provided by the victory of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
, headed by V.I. Lenin in November 1917. The Bolshevik triumph seemed to validate the perspective of the radicals that socialist change would come through revolutionary upheaval rather than through piecemeal parliamentary reform. Parallel revolutionary efforts in Germany
German Revolution
The German Revolution was the politically-driven civil conflict in Germany at the end of World War I, which resulted in the replacement of Germany's imperial government with a republic...
, Finland, and Hungary
Hungarian Revolution
Hungarian Revolution may refer to:* The Hungarian Revolution of 1848.* The Hungarian Revolution of 1919, which led to the formation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic headed by Béla Kun.* The Hungarian Revolution of 1956....
seemed to signal a new historical moment to the often young and always enthusiastic Left Wing movement. This movement sought to organize itself and to give voice to its ideas via the printed word. The magazine The Class Struggle, established late in the spring of 1917, was a particularly important vehicle for this emerging Left Wing.
Earlier American left wing theoretical journals
The Class Struggle was by no means the first radical theoretical magazine in America. Two publications stood out as key influences during the first two decades of the 20th Century — Charles H. Kerr's International Socialist ReviewInternational Socialist Review (1900)
The International Socialist Review was a monthly magazine published in Chicago, Illinois by Charles H. Kerr & Co. from 1900 until 1918. The magazine was chiefly a Marxist theoretical journal during its first years under the editorship of A.M. Simons. Beginning in 1908 the publication took a turn to...
, published in Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
from 1900 to 1918, and The New Review, a New York magazine published from 1913 to 1916 to which future Class Struggle editor Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina was a founding member of the American Communist Party in 1919. After running afoul of the Communist International in 1921 over the alleged misappropriation of funds, Fraina left the organized radical movement, emerging in 1930 as a left wing public intellectual by the name of Lewis...
was a key contributor.
Historian Theodore Draper
Theodore Draper
Theodore H. "Ted" Draper was an American historian and political writer. Draper is best known for the 14 books which he completed during his life, including work regarded as seminal on the formative period of the American Communist Party, the Cuban Revolution, and the Iran-Contra Affair...
credits a successor to The New Review, called The New International, as the newspaper which played the "historic role as the first propaganda organ" of the proto-Communist Left Wing Section. Ten issues of the four-page newspaper were produced in New York, also edited by Louis Fraina and financed in large part by radical Dutch engineer S.J. Rutgers. No more than 1,000 copies were produced of each issue and the practical influence of the publication was ultimately limited. While not properly a theoretical journal itself, The New International did clearly play a transitional role linking the earlier publications of the Left Wing with The Class Struggle.
Establishment of the publication
Early in 1917, leading Russian-Jewish revolutionary socialistRevolutionary socialism
The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through revolution by mass movements of the working class, as a strategy to achieve a socialist society...
Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky , born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army....
arrived in New York. He was immediately drawn into a meeting on January 14, 1917 of about 20 Left Wing Socialists at the home of German-American radical Ludwig Lore
Ludwig Lore
Ludwig Lore was an American socialist newspaper editor and politician, best remembered for his tenure as editor of the New Yorker Volkszeitung and role as a factional leader in the early American communist movement...
. Also attending the gathering were several other top emigrés from the Russian empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, including feminist Alexandra Kollontay, theoretician Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin , was a Russian Marxist, Bolshevik revolutionary, and Soviet politician. He was a member of the Politburo and Central Committee , chairman of the Communist International , and the editor in chief of Pravda , the journal Bolshevik , Izvestia , and the Great Soviet...
, and orator V. Volodarsky
V. Volodarsky
V. Volodarsky was a Marxist revolutionary and early Soviet politician. He was assassinated in 1918.-Early years:Moisei Markovich Goldstein V. Volodarsky was a Marxist revolutionary and early Soviet politician. He was assassinated in 1918.-Early years:Moisei Markovich Goldstein V. Volodarsky was...
. Joining them were Sen Katayama
Sen Katayama
Sen Katayama , born Yabuki Sugataro , was an early member of the American Communist Party and co-founder, in 1922, of the Japan Communist Party....
, an exile from Japan, engineer S.J. Rutgers, and leading American radicals Louis C. Boudin, Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina
Louis C. Fraina was a founding member of the American Communist Party in 1919. After running afoul of the Communist International in 1921 over the alleged misappropriation of funds, Fraina left the organized radical movement, emerging in 1930 as a left wing public intellectual by the name of Lewis...
, and John D. Williams of the 1Socialist Propaganda Society1 of Boston. This meeting, called to discuss "a program of action for Socialists of the Left," debated whether American radicals should separate themselves from the Socialist Party of America
Socialist Party of America
The Socialist Party of America was a multi-tendency democratic-socialist political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party which had split from the main organization...
or stay within the organization. While Bukharin called for a prompt split, Trotsky sought the Left Wing to remain in the party and won the debate on the question.
The January 14 meeting formed a subcommittee to construct a definite proposal for the next session of the group. This committee came back with a proposal for the establishment of a bimonthly theoretical journal to further advance the views of the Zimmerwald Left
Zimmerwald Left
The Zimmerwald Left was a revolutionary minority fraction at the Zimmerwald Peace Conference of 1915, headed by Lenin. The Left of the Zimmerwald Congress was made up of eight out of 38 people: Lenin, Zinoviev , Jānis K. Bērziņš , Karl Radek , Julian Borchardt , Fritz Platten , Zeth Höglund and...
in America. The Class Struggle would ultimately emerge as the publication envisioned by this committee established by New York City radicals.
The Class Struggle was produced by a publishing holding company known as the Socialist Publication Society. Physical production of the magazine took place at the 15 Spruce Street address of the New Yorker Volkszeitung
New Yorker Volkszeitung
New Yorker Volkzeitung was a German language labor daily newspaper which suspended publishing during the Great Depression, in October 1932. At the time it was the only German language daily in the United States and one of the oldest radical left newspapers in the nation...
, the German-language socialist daily newspaper then edited by Ludwig Lore.
Demise of the publication
At a special meeting of the Socialist Publication Society in October 1919, it was decided to transfer ownership of The Class Struggle, along with all pamphlets and books published during its existence to the Communist Labor Party, the organization which Ludwig Lore and a majority of the German Socialist Federation supported. With co-editor Fraina gone to the rival Communist Party of America and nominal co-editor Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
Eugene Victor Debs was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World , and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States...
in the penitentiary for his anti-war speech delivered at Canton, Ohio
Canton, Ohio
Canton is the county seat of Stark County in northeastern Ohio, approximately south of Akron and south of Cleveland.The City of Caton is the largest incorporated area within the Canton-Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area...
, a reshuffling of the editorial board was in order. Joining Lore were the two other members of the CLP's editorial committee — Jack Carney, editor of the Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth is a port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Saint Louis County. The fourth largest city in Minnesota, Duluth had a total population of 86,265 in the 2010 census. Duluth is also the second largest city that is located on Lake Superior after Thunder Bay, Ontario,...
CLP weekly, Truth, and Russian Federation member Gregory Weinstein, formerly the editor of the Russian-language weekly, Novyi Mir.
This shift of formal ownership proved to be ill-advised and fatal to the publication, however, as in November 1919 a series of raids began against the nascent American communist movement, culminating in the nationwide "Palmer Raids
Palmer Raids
The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer...
" of January 2/3, 1920. The Communist Labor Party was driven underground in the aftermath, its membership decimated, its sources of income disconnected, its legal expenses exponentially increased. The November 1919 issue of The Class Struggle, proved to be the magazine's last.
Throughout the course of its existence, a total of 13 issues of The Class Struggle were produced, along with approximately a dozen pamphlets reissuing selected articles from its pages. The Class Struggle was reissued in book form in three bound volumes by the Greenwood Reprint Company in 1968, assuring its availability to research libraries around the word.
SPS pamphlets
- The Class struggle and socialism: a statement of the problems confronting the Socialist movement to-day, and a call to action New York: Socialist Publication Society, 1917
- Radek and Ransome on Russia: being Rathur Ransome's "Open letter to America" by Arthur RansomeArthur RansomeArthur Michell Ransome was an English author and journalist, best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. These tell of school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing; other common subjects...
and Karl RadekKarl RadekKarl Bernhardovic Radek was a socialist active in the Polish and German movements before World War I and an international Communist leader after the Russian Revolution....
Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918 - A letter to American workingmen: from the Socialist Soviet Republic of Russia by Vladimir LeninVladimir LeninVladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...
Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918 - An open letter to American liberals: with a note on recent documents by Santeri NuortevaSanteri NuortevaSanteri Nuorteva was a Finnish-Soviet journalist and one of the first members of the Finnish parliament. Nuorteva served in the Finnish parliament as a member of the Social Democratic Party from 1907–1908 and 1909–1910...
Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918 - J'Accuse: An Address in Court by Friedrich AdlerFriedrich AdlerFriedrich Adler may refer to:*Friedrich Adler , German architect and archaeologist*Friedrich Adler , Czech-Austrian politician*Friedrich Adler , German artist and designer, died in Auschwitz...
Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918 - The socialist attitude on the war by Louis Fraina Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918
- The old order in Europe and the new order in Russia by Morgan Philips PriceMorgan Philips PriceMorgan Philips Price was a British politician and a Labour Party Member of Parliament .He was born in The Grove, Taynton, near Gloucester. His father, William Edwin Price, was also a British MP, serving for the seat of Tewkesbury. M. Philips Price was schooled at Harrow and Trinity College,...
Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918 - The Soviet, the Terror and Intervention by Morgan Philips Price Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918
- One year of revolution: celebrating the first anniversary of the founding of the Russian Soviet Republic ... November 7, 1918 Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1918
- Education and art in Soviet Russia: in the light of official decrees and documents Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1919
- The crisis in the German social-democracy: (the "Junius" pamphlet) Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1919
- A New Letter to the Workers of Europe and America by Vladimir Lenin Brooklyn: Socialist Publication Society, 1919
Chronological listing of content
Vol. 1, No. 1 (May–June 1917)- Editors, "The Task Before Us," pp. 1–14. — reprinted as a pamphlet, see above
- N. BukharinNikolai BukharinNikolai Ivanovich Bukharin , was a Russian Marxist, Bolshevik revolutionary, and Soviet politician. He was a member of the Politburo and Central Committee , chairman of the Communist International , and the editor in chief of Pravda , the journal Bolshevik , Izvestia , and the Great Soviet...
, "The Russian Revolution and Its Significance," pp. 14–21. - Louis C. Fraina, "The War and America," pp. 22–33.
- Friedrich AdlerFriedrich AdlerFriedrich Adler may refer to:*Friedrich Adler , German architect and archaeologist*Friedrich Adler , Czech-Austrian politician*Friedrich Adler , German artist and designer, died in Auschwitz...
, "Majority Limitations and Minority Rights," pp. 33–41. - Louis B. Boudin, "The Emergency National Convention of the Socialist Party," pp. 41–50.
- William Bohn, "An Educational Experiment," pp. 50–56.
- James Peter WarbasseJames Peter WarbasseDr. James Peter Warbasse was an American surgeon and advocate for cooperatives. He founded the Cooperative League of the United States of America and was its president from 1916 to 1941.-Early life:Warbasse was born on November 22, 1866 in Newton, New Jersey to Joseph Warbasse and...
, "The Red Cross and War," pp. 57–62. - Anton Pannekoek, "After the War Ends," pp. 62–69.
- Ludwig Lore, "Reform in Germany?" pp. 69–80.
- J. Koettgen, "On the Road to Reaction," pp. 80–87.
- Ludwig Lore, "Conscription," pp. 88–90.
- Louis B. Boudin, "America in the War — The Reason Why," pp. 90–94.
- Louis B. Boudin, "America in the War — War Aims," pp. 94–96.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The First Victims of War," pp. 96–98.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Autocrat in the White House," pp. 98–99.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The National Convention and Its War Resolutions," pp. 100–101.
- Louis B. Boudin, "A Deserved Rebuke," pp. 101–103.
- Ludwig Lore, "Kaiser Socialists," pp. 103–104.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Mission That Failed," pp. 104–106.
- "Documents for Future Socialist History," pp. 106–112.
Vol. 1, No. 2 (July–August 1917)
- Ludwig Lore, "To Make the World Safe for Democracy," pp. 1–8.
- Austin LewisAustin LewisAustin William Russell Lewis was an Australian politician.Born in Melbourne, he was educated at the University of Melbourne before becoming a solicitor, company director and farmer. On 7 December 1976, he was appointed to the Australian Senate as a Liberal Senator for Victoria, filling the casual...
, "War and Public Opinion," pp. 9–16. - Louis B. Boudin, "Socialist Policy in Peace and War," pp. 16–35.
- Joseph A. Whitehorn, "A War Legislature," pp. 36–46.
- Eric Niel, "Political Majorities and Industrial Minorities," pp. 46–59.
- Robert Rives LaMonte, "Socialists and War," pp. 59–75.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Socialists and War," pp. 75–99. — Reprinted as a pamphlet, see above
- W., "Philipp Scheidemann: A Pen Picture," pp. 100–101.
- Friedrich Adler, "J'accuse! Friedrich Adler's Address in Court [part 1]," pp. 102–114. — Reprinted as a pamphlet, see above
- Louis B. Boudin, "Peace with Victory," pp. 115–116.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Lost — A Peace Demand," pp. 117–118.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Automobile Patriots," pp. 118–119.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Mr. Wilson and Child Labor," pp. 119–120.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The War and American Unionism," pp. 120–123.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Russian Revolution and the War," pp. 123–126.
- Ludwig Lore, "On the Road to a New International," pp. 126–129.
- Ludwig Lore, "Friedrich Adler," pp. 129–132.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Socialist Party and Stockholm," pp. 132–135.
- Ludwig Lore, "Spargo & Co.," pp. 135–138.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The Attitude of Lenin," pp. 138–141.
- "Documents for Future Socialist History," pp. 142–152.
Vol. 1, no. 3 (September–October 1917)
- Austin Lewis, "The New Labor Movement of the West," pp. 1–10.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Socialist Terms of Peace," pp. 11–39.
- Morris Kolchin, "The Russian Revolution and its Problems," pp. 40–56.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Labor and Democracy," pp. 57–62.
- Friedrich Adler, "J'accuse! Friedrich Adler's Address in Court [part 2]," pp. 102–114.
- Sen KatayamaSen KatayamaSen Katayama , born Yabuki Sugataro , was an early member of the American Communist Party and co-founder, in 1922, of the Japan Communist Party....
, Recent Development of Capitalism in Japan," pp. 72-82. - C.D., "La Vie des Mots," pp. 83–84.
- Franz MehringFranz MehringFranz Erdmann Mehring , was a German publicist, politician and historian.-Early years:Franz Mehring was born 27 February 1846 in Schlawe, Pomerania, the son of a bourgeois family.-Political career:...
, "Our Old Masters and Their Modern Substitutes," pp. 85–93. - Louis B. Boudin, "The Pope's Proposal and Wilson's Reply," pp. 94–97.
- Louis B. Boudin, "People's Council and the National Alliance," pp. 97–99.
- Ludwig Lore, "Meyer London," pp. 100–101.
- Ludwig Lore, "Tom Mooney and Alexander Berkman," pp. 101–103.
- Ludwig Lore, "A Savior of His Country," pp. 103–105.
- Editors, "Germany Stands Pat," pp. 105–107.
- S.J. Rutgers, "Boudin's Policy in Peace and War," pp. 108–111.
Vol. 1, no. 4 (November–December 1917)
- Louis C. Fraina, "The IWW Trial," pp. 1–5.
- Leon TrotskyLeon TrotskyLeon Trotsky , born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army....
, "Pacifism in the Service of Imperialism," pp. 6–14. - Louis B. Boudin, "The Passing of the Nation," pp. 15–34.
- Karl KautskyKarl KautskyKarl Johann Kautsky was a Czech-German philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theoretician. Kautsky was recognized as among the most authoritative promulgators of Orthodox Marxism after the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895 until the coming of World War I in 1914 and was called by some the "Pope of...
, "The Russian Revolution," pp. 35–39. - Ludwig Lore, "Our Obedient Congress," pp. 40–48.
- N. Lenin, "Political Parties in Russia," pp. 49–63.
- S.J. Rutgers, "Imperialism and the New Middle Class," pp. 64–71.
- Edward Dryden, "The Case of Fraina," pp. 72–79.
- Lionel Petersen, "Stockholm," pp. 80–84.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Tragedy of the Russian Revolution," pp. 85–90.
- Marius, "The Task of the Constitutent Assembly," pp. 91–99.
- Ludwig Lore, "The New York Mayorality Campaign," pp. 100–106.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Act, Not Witdraw," pp. 106–109.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Italian Debacle," pp. 109–113.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Neue Zeit — An Obituary," pp. 113–116.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Making Haste Slowly," pp. 116–120.
Vol. 2, no. 1 (January–February 1918)
- Leon Trotsky, "A Letter from Leon Trotsky to Ex-Minister Jules Guesde," pp. 1–8.
- Adolph GermerAdolph GermerAdoph Germer was an American socialist political functionary and union organizer. He is best remembered as National Executive Secretary of the Socialist Party of America from 1916 to 1919. It was during this period that the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party emerged as an organized faction...
, "Samuel Gompers," pp. 9–15. - Rosa LuxemburgRosa LuxemburgRosa Luxemburg was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and activist of Polish Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen...
, "Peace and the International," pp. 16–28. - Louis C. Fraina, "The Proletarian Revolution in Russia," pp. 29–67.
- Ludwig Lore, "Armistice on All Fronts," pp. 68–72.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Common Enemy," pp. 73–95.
- Fabian, "Disarmament," pp. 96–100.
- Louis Brandt, "Bolsheviki — The Masters of the Revolution," pp. 101–106.
- V. Algassov, "Plekhanov and Breshkovskaya," pp. 107–109.
- "Documents for Future Socialist History," pp. 110–112.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The Peace Negotiations," pp. 113–117.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Eleventh Hour Conversions," pp. 117–120.
- Editors, "Who Speaks?" pp. 120–123.
- Ludwig Lore, "Our National Executive Committee," pp. 123–125.
- Louis B. Boudin, "St. Louis and After," pp. 126–128.
Vol. 2, no. 2 (March–April 1918)
- Florence KelleyFlorence KelleyFlorence Kelley was an American social and political reformer. Her work against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and children's rights is widely regarded today.-Family:...
, "Changing Labor Conditions in Wartime," pp. 129–142. - W.D., "The Land Question in the Russian Revolution," pp. 143–160.
- John J. Kallen, "Forming a War Psychosis," pp. 161–170.
- Santeri NuortevaSanteri NuortevaSanteri Nuorteva was a Finnish-Soviet journalist and one of the first members of the Finnish parliament. Nuorteva served in the Finnish parliament as a member of the Social Democratic Party from 1907–1908 and 1909–1910...
, "The Future of the Russian Revolution," pp. 171–185. - Louis B. Boudin, "The Tragedy of the Russian Revolution: Second Act," pp. 186–192.
- Karl LiebknechtKarl Liebknechtwas a German socialist and a co-founder with Rosa Luxemburg of the Spartacist League and the Communist Party of Germany. He is best known for his opposition to World War I in the Reichstag and his role in the Spartacist uprising of 1919...
, "Self-Determination of Nations and Self-Defense," pp. 193–203. - Ludwig Lore, "Germany, the Liberator," pp. 204–212.
- Leon Trotsky, "The State in Russia — Old and New," pp. 213–221.
- Louis B. Boudin, "The New Danger: Peace by Negotiation," pp. 222–228.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Recall Berger," pp. 229–232.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Strategy and Conscience," pp. 233–236.
- Karl Kautsky, "The Bolsheviki Rising," pp. 237–241.
- The Survey: "The British Miners and the War: An Interview with Robert Smillie," pp. 241–248.
Vol. 2, no. 3 (May–June 1918)
- Karl Marx, "The Divine Right of the Hohenzollern," Introduction by Franz Mehring, pp. 249–259.
- Ludwig Lore, "Karl Marx," pp. 260–270.
- Herman Schlueter, "Karl Marx and the International," pp. 271–288.
- James OnealJames OnealJames "Jim" Oneal , a founding member of the Socialist Party of America , was a prominent socialist journalist, historian, and party activist who played a decisive role in the bitter party splits of 1919-21 and 1934-36.-Early years:...
, "The New 'Americanism,'" pp. 289–295. - Hans Block, "Pontius Pilate Scheidemann," pp. 296–297.
- Santeri Nuorteva, "The Rape of Finland's Labor Republic," pp. 298–304.
- N. Lenin, "The 'Disarmament' Cry," pp. 305–316.
- A.V. Lunacharsky, "Appeal by People's Commissary of Education," pp. 317–322.
- John J. Kallen, "The Biology of Peace and War," pp. 323–333.
- Louis B. Boudin, "A War Anniversary," pp. 334–338.
- Louis B. Boudin, "St. Louis — One Year After," pp. 338–341.
- Ludwig Lore, "Freedom of Thought and Speech," pp. 341–345.
- Louis B. Boudin, "Foch and Siberia: A Contrast," pp. 345–351.
- Louis B. Boudin, "War Maps and 'Liberalism,'" pp. 351–354.
- Ludwig Lore, "Toward the Revolution," pp. 354–357.
- "Documents for Future Socialist History," pp. 358–375.
Vol. 2, no. 4 (September–October 1918)
- Ludwig Lore, "The IWW Trial," pp. 377–383.
- Maxim LitvinovMaxim LitvinovMaxim Maximovich Litvinov was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet diplomat.- Early life and first exile :...
, "Soviet Russia Speaks to Britain," pp. 384–387. - Sen Katayama, "Armed Peace on the Pacific," pp. 388–404.
- N. Lenin, "The Chief Task of Our Day," pp. 405–409.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Laborism and Socialism," pp. 410–431.
- Santeri Nuorteva, "An Open Letter to American Liberals," pp. 432–454. —Reprinted as a pamphlet
- "Reconstruction in Russia," pp. 455–491.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The Prospects of Peace," pp. 492–499.
- Ludwig Lore, "Spargo, Simons and Private Kopelin," pp. 500–504.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The AF of L Labor Mission," pp. 504–507.
- Ludwig Lore, "Progress Backward," pp. 507–512.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Imperialism in Action," pp. 512–520.
- Special Publication: One Year of Revolution: Celebrating the First Anniversary of the Founding of the Russian Revolution.
Vol. 2, no. 5 (December 1918)
- N. Lenin, "A Letter to American Workingmen," pp. 521–533. — reprinted as a pamphlet, see above
- William J. Fielding, "Bridging the Gap of State Socialism," pp. 534–541.
- Leon Trotsky, "In British Captivity," pp. 542–555.
- Z. Höglund, "A Finnish Document," pp. 556–559.
- Victor Adler, "The Awakening of Austria," pp. 560–572.
- Karl MarxKarl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
, Friedrich EngelsFriedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels was a German industrialist, social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx. In 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research...
, Paul LafarguePaul LafarguePaul Lafargue was a French revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist, literary critic, political writer and activist; he was Karl Marx's son-in-law, having married his second daughter Laura. His best known work is The Right to Be Lazy...
, F. Lessner, "A Letter to the Polish Socialists," pp. 573–575. - Ludwig Lore, "New Germany," pp. 576–591.
- Maxim Gorki, "In the Torrent of the Revolution," pp. 592–599.
- Sen Katayama, "A Japanese Interpretation of the Recent Food Riots," pp. 600–606.
- Maurice Blumlein, "Economic and Menshevik Determinism," pp. 607–616.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Bubble Has Burst," pp. 617–619.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Elections," pp. 619–622.
- Ludwig Lore, "Eugene V. Debs," pp. 622–624.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Red Flag," pp. 625–627.
- Ludwig Lore, "One Measure for All," pp. 628–630.
- Ludwig Lore, "'Our' Peace Delegates," pp. 630–632.
- Ludwig Lore, "Victor Adler," pp. 632–633.
- "Documents," pp. 634–640.
Vol. 3, no. 1 (February 1919)
- Eugene V. DebsEugene V. DebsEugene Victor Debs was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World , and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States...
, "The Day of the People," pp. 1–4. - Nikolai Lenin, "The State and Revolution," pp. 5–22.
- Karl Island, Lenin versus Wilson," pp. 23-26.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Problems of American Socialism," pp. 26–47.
- Ludwig Lore, "Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg," pp. 47–64.
- A. Dreifuss, "The Labor Party," pp. 64–67.
- Franz Mehring, "Karl Marx," pp. 68–75.
- Maurice Blumlein, "Economic and Menshevik Determinism," pp. 76–87.
- Leon Trotsky, "The Principles of Democracy and Proletarian Dictatorship," pp. 88–91.
- Karl Kautsky, "The National Constituent Assembly," pp. 91–94.
- Ludwig Lore, "'A World Safe for Democracy,'" pp. 95–97.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The Crime of Crimes," pp. 97–101.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Mexico and American Imperialism," pp. 101–105.
- Ludwig Lore, "Franz Mehring," pp. 106–109.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Constitutional National Assembly," pp. 109–110.
- Edward Lindgren, "What is the 'Left Wing' Movement and Its Purpose?" pp. 111–114.
- "The Communist Propaganda League of Chicago," pp. 114–115.
- "Documents," pp. 116–127.
Vol. 3, no. 2 (May 1919)
- Ludwig Lore, "The First of May, 1919," pp. 129–131.
- N. Bukharin, "Church and School in the Soviet Republic," pp. 131–139.
- August StrindbergAugust StrindbergJohan August Strindberg was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four decades, during which time he wrote over 60 plays and more than 30 works of fiction, autobiography,...
, "What the Under-Class Answers to the Most Impressive Phrases of the Upper Class," pp. 139–144. - M. Philips Price, "The Truth About the Allied Intervention in Russia," pp. 145–154.
- Ludwig Lore, "Berne — A Post-Mortem Conference," pp. 155–162.
- Maxim GorkyMaxim GorkyAlexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet author, a founder of the Socialist Realism literary method and a political activist.-Early years:...
, "Russian Tale," pp. 162–165. - Sen Katayama, "Japan and China," pp. 165–172.
- Nikolai Lenin, " Can the Exploited and Exploiter be Equals?" pp. 172–178.
- Maurice SugarMaurice SugarMaurice Sugar was an American political activist and labor attorney. He is best remembered as the General Counsel of the United Auto Workers Union from 1937 to 1946.-Early years:...
, "Socialism and the League of Nations," pp. 178–187. - Charles Rappaport, "The Logic of Insanity," pp. 187–192.
- Franz Mehring, "An Unusual Friendship," pp. 192–200.
- André A. Courland, "Bankruptcy or Revolution — Which?" pp. 200–208.
- "Manifesto and Program of the 'Left Wing' Section, Socialist Party, Local Greater New York," pp. 209–216.
- Ludwig Lore, "Communism in Hungary," pp. 217–225.
- Louis C. Fraina, "The Left Wing," pp. 225–229.
- Ludwig Lore, "Eugene V. Debs, a Revolutionist," pp. 229–231.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Representative of a Free Working Class," pp. 231–232.
- Louis C. Fraina, "Mass Strikes," pp. 233–235.
- Ludwig Lore, "Archangel, A Hopeful Sign," pp. 235–236.
- "Documents," pp. 237–255.
Vol. 3, no. 4 (August 1919)
- Ludwig Lore, "Left or Right?" pp. 257–264.
- Rosa Luxemburg, "What is Bolshevism?" pp. 265–268.
- Max BedachtMax BedachtMax Bedacht Sr. was a German-born American revolutionary socialist political activist, journalist, and functionary who helped establish the Communist Party of America. Bedacht is best remembered as the long-time head of the International Workers Order, a Communist Party-sponsored fraternal benefit...
, "Radicalism in California," pp. 268–271. - Karl RadekKarl RadekKarl Bernhardovic Radek was a socialist active in the Polish and German movements before World War I and an international Communist leader after the Russian Revolution....
, "The Development of Socialism from Science into Action," pp. 272–295. - S.J. Rutgers, "Greetings from Soviet Russia," pp. 295–300.
- August Stringberg, "Autumn Slush," pp. 300–304.
- Max EastmanMax EastmanMax Forrester Eastman was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet, and a prominent political activist. For many years, Eastman was a supporter of socialism, a leading patron of the Harlem Renaissance and an activist for a number of liberal and radical causes...
, "The SLP," pp. 304–306. - A.S. Sachs, "Russia and Germany," pp. 306–318.
- "Documents," pp. 319–333.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Lusk Fishing Expedition," pp. 334–336.
- S.D., "The Railroad Situation," pp. 336–339.
- Editors: "The Negro Problem — A Labor Problem," pp. 339–341.
- Editors: "Socialist Germany and the Peace," pp. 341–344.
- Ludwig Lore, "The First Victim of the League of Nations," pp. 344–346.
- Ludwig Lore, "The National Convention," pp. 346–348.
- N. Lenin, "On the Unhappy Peace," pp. 348–352.
Vol. 3, no. 3 (November 1919)
Published by the Communist Labor Party
- Communist Labor Party: "Hands Off Russia! A Call to the American Working Class," pp. 354–355.
- Ludwig Lore, "Two Years of Soviet Russia," pp. 355–365.
- Leon Trotsky, "Work, Discipline, and Order to Save the Socialist Soviet Republic," pp. 366–382.
- A.S. Sachs, "The Invincible Power of the Russian Revolution," pp. 382–386.
- Rosa Luxemburg, "Oh! How Geman is this Revolution!" pp. 386–389.
- William Bross Lloyd, "Convention Impressions," pp. 389–394.
- Karl Marx, "Concerning the Jewish Question," pp. 395–406.
- A. Bilan, "The Twilight of Leadership," pp. 406–408.
- N. Lenin, "The Military Program of the Proletarian Revolution," pp. 409–413.
- Clara ZetkinClara ZetkinClara Zetkin was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and fighter for women's rights. In 1910, she organized the first International Women's Day....
, "Rosa Luxemburg — Her Fight Against the German Betrayers of International Socialism," pp. 414–424. - "Documents," pp. 425–436.
- Ludwig Lore, "The Communist Labor Party," pp. 438–443.
- M.B., "The Dynamic Class Struggle," pp. 443–445.
- Ludwig Lore, "One Year German Revolution," pp. 445–448.
See also
- Left Wing Section
- Socialist Party of AmericaSocialist Party of AmericaThe Socialist Party of America was a multi-tendency democratic-socialist political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party which had split from the main organization...
- Communist Party of America