Surface embroidery
Encyclopedia
Surface embroidery is any form of embroidery
Embroidery
Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins....

 in which the pattern is worked using decorative stitches and laid threads on top of the foundation fabric
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...

 or canvas
Canvas
Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used by artists as a painting surface, typically stretched across a wooden frame...

 rather than through the fabric; it is contrasted with canvas work
Canvas work
Canvas work is a type of embroidery in which yarn is stitched through a canvas or other foundation fabric. Canvas work is a form of counted-thread embroidery...

.

Much free embroidery is also surface embroidery, as are a few forms of counted-thread embroidery
Counted-thread embroidery
Counted-thread embroidery is any embroidery in which the fabric threads are counted by the embroiderer before inserting the needle into the fabric...

 such as cross stitch.

Forms of surface embroidery include:
  • Applique
    Applique
    In its broadest sense, an appliqué is a smaller ornament or device applied to another surface. In the context of ceramics, for example, an appliqué is a separate piece of clay added to the primary work, generally for the purpose of decoration...

  • Art needlework
    Art needlework
    Art needlework was a type of surface embroidery popular in the later nineteenth century under the influence of the Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement....

  • Crewel embroidery
    Crewel embroidery
    Crewel Embroidery, or Crewelwork, is a decorative form of surface embroidery using wool and a variety of different embroidery stitches to follow a design outline applied to the fabric. The technique is at least a thousand years old...

  • Cross stitch
  • Goldwork
    Goldwork (embroidery)
    Goldwork is the art of embroidery using metal threads. It is particularly prized for the way light plays on it. The term "goldwork" is used even when the threads are imitation gold, silver, or copper...

  • Jacobean embroidery
    Jacobean embroidery
    Jacobean embroidery refers to embroidery styles that flourished in the reign of King James I of England in first quarter of the 17th century....

  • Stumpwork
    Stumpwork
    Stumpwork is a style of embroidery where the stitched figures are raised from the surface of the work to form a 3-dimensional effect.Stitches can be worked around pieces of wire to create individual forms such as leaves, insect wings or flower petals. This form is then applied to the main body of...



Examples of surface embroideries include:
  • Bayeux Tapestry
    Bayeux Tapestry
    The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth—not an actual tapestry—nearly long, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings...

  • Quaker tapestry
    Quaker Tapestry
    The Quaker Tapestry consists of 77 panels illustrating the history of Quakerism from the 17th century up to the present day. The idea of Quaker Anne Wynn-Wilson, the tapestry has a permanent home at the Friends Meeting House at Kendal, Cumbria, England....


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