Squalius
Encyclopedia
Squalius is a ray-finned fish genus
in the family
Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae
as other chub
s and dace
s generally do.
The Eurasian daces, Leuciscus
, are close relatives. The present genus was formerly entirely included there, and their delimitation with respect to each other is somewhat uncertain. A number of species
have in recent times been moved from one genus to the other. Generally, Leuciscus in the modern sense is widespread across Eurasia
, whereas Squalius is almost limited to Europe
proper.
Hybridization is not rare in Cyprinidae, including this genus. S. alburnoides
is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving from a prehistoric species related to Anaecypris; the latter mated with ancestral S. pyrenaicus
. Present-day S. alburnoides mate with sympatric congener
s of other species.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae
Leuciscinae
Leuciscinae, commonly known as true minnows, are a subfamily of small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae.However, the term minnow is also used as an unspecific term for tiny freshwater and saltwater fish, especially those used as fishing bait....
as other chub
Chub
The European chub , sometimes called the round chub, fat chub, chevin, pollard or simply "the" chub, is a freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae...
s and dace
Dace
A dace is any of a number of species of small fish. The unmodified name is usually a reference to the Common Dace . This, like most fishes called "daces", belongs to the family Cyprinidae, mostly in subfamily Leuciscinae....
s generally do.
The Eurasian daces, Leuciscus
Leuciscus
Leuciscus is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia....
, are close relatives. The present genus was formerly entirely included there, and their delimitation with respect to each other is somewhat uncertain. A number of species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
have in recent times been moved from one genus to the other. Generally, Leuciscus in the modern sense is widespread across Eurasia
Eurasia
Eurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
, whereas Squalius is almost limited to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
proper.
Hybridization is not rare in Cyprinidae, including this genus. S. alburnoides
Squalius alburnoides
Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It may be threatened by habitat loss....
is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving from a prehistoric species related to Anaecypris; the latter mated with ancestral S. pyrenaicus
Squalius pyrenaicus
Squalius pyrenaicus is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain.Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and water storage areas. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss....
. Present-day S. alburnoides mate with sympatric congener
Congener
Congener has several different meanings depending on the field in which it is used. Colloquially, it is used to mean a person or thing like another, in character or action.-Biology:In biology, congeners are organisms within the same genus...
s of other species.
Species
New species are described every now and then.- Squalius agdamicus Kamensky, 1901
- Squalius albus (BonaparteCharles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano was a French naturalist and ornithologist.-Biography:...
, 1838) - Squalius anatolicusSqualius anatolicusSqualius anatolicus is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found only in Turkey.Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.-References:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
(Bogutskaya, 1997) - Squalius aphipsi (Aleksandrov, 1927) (Aphips Chub)
- Squalius aradensisSqualius aradensisSqualius aradensis is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Portugal.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
(M. M. Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira, 1998) - Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011
- Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011
- Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011
- Squalius carolitertiiSqualius carolitertiiSqualius carolitertii is a species of fresh-water fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain, and known there as the bordallo, escalo or gallego....
(Doadrio, 1988) (Bordallo) - Squalius castellanus Doadrio, Perea & Alonso, 2007
- Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (European Chub, Fat Chub, Round Chub, chevin, pollard)
- Squalius cii (J. RichardsonJohn Richardson (naturalist)Sir John Richardson was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer.Richardson was born at Dumfries. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and became a surgeon in the navy in 1807. He traveled with John Franklin in search of the Northwest Passage on the Coppermine Expedition of...
, 1857) - Squalius illyricusSqualius illyricusSqualius illyricus is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family.Fish inhabits karstic waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Albania. Its natural habitats are rivers and water storage areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
& Kner, 1858 - Squalius janae Bogutskaya & Zupančič, 2010
- Squalius keadicusSqualius keadicusSqualius keadicus, is a species of fresh-water fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in Greece, and known as the menida in Greek.It is endemic to the Evrotas River in the Peloponnese. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
(Stephanidis, 1971) (Menida) - Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya, 2009
- Squalius laietanus Doadrio, KottelatMaurice KottelatDr. Maurice Kottelat is a Swiss ichthyologist.In 1976 he entered the University of Neuchâtel where he obtained his diploma in 1987. In 1980 he went to Thailand where he began his field research on Southeast Asiatic and Indonesian fresh water fish species...
& de Sostoa, 2007 - Squalius lepidus HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1843 - Squalius lucumonisSqualius lucumonisSqualius lucumonis is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in Italy.Its natural habitat is rivers.-References:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
(Bianco, 1983) - Squalius malacitanus Doadrio & Carmona, 2006
- Squalius microlepisSqualius microlepisSqualius microlepis is a species of freshwatter fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1843 - Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis, 1971) (Stymphalia chub)
- Squalius orientalis HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1847 - Squalius orpheus KottelatMaurice KottelatDr. Maurice Kottelat is a Swiss ichthyologist.In 1976 he entered the University of Neuchâtel where he obtained his diploma in 1987. In 1980 he went to Thailand where he began his field research on Southeast Asiatic and Indonesian fresh water fish species...
& anos Stavros Economidis|Economidis], 2006 - Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis, 1939) (Pamvotis chub)
- Squalius peloponnensisSqualius peloponnensisSqualius peloponnensis is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found only in Greece.Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and freshwater lakes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
(ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1844) (Peloponnese chub) - Squalius platyceps Zupančič, Marić, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2010
- Squalius prespensisSqualius prespensisSqualius prespensis is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found in Albania, Greece, and Macedonia.Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
(FowlerHenry Weed FowlerHenry Weed Fowler was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania.He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan...
, 1977) - Squalius pyrenaicusSqualius pyrenaicusSqualius pyrenaicus is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain.Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and water storage areas. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss....
(Günther, 1868) - Squalius recurvirostris Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011
- Squalius spuriusSqualius spuriusSqualius spurius is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found in Syria and Turkey.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.Its status is insufficiently known.-Source:...
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1843 - Squalius squaliusculus KesslerKarl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich Kessler was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava...
, 1872 (Syr-Darya dace) - Squalius squalus (BonaparteCharles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano was a French naturalist and ornithologist.-Biography:...
, 1837) - Squalius svallizeSqualius svallizeSqualius svallize is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.Its natural habitats are rivers and inland karsts.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
& Kner, 1858 - Squalius tenellus HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1843 - Squalius torgalensisSqualius torgalensisSqualius torgalensis is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Portugal.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
(M. M. Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira, 1998) - Squalius turcicus De FilippiFilippo de FilippiFilippo de Filippi was an Italian doctor, traveler and zoologist.Filippo De Filippi was born in Pavia. He succeeded Giuseppe Gené as professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Turin...
, 1865 - Squalius ulanus (Günther, 1899)
- Squalius valentinus Doadrio & Carmona, 2006
- Squalius vardarensis S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928 - Squalius zrmanjaeSqualius zrmanjaeSqualius zrmanjae is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.It is found only in Croatia.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928