Specific
Encyclopedia
Specific may refer to:
Law:
Economics, finance, and accounting:
Psychology:
Biology:
Physics and engineering:
"Specific" generally means per unit of something (often mass), but signals a division by a quantity which may or may not be named. If the quantity is named, it is usually placed before "specific" in the term (i.e., thrust specific fuel consumption). Named and unnamed divisor quantities are given for the terms below.
Per unit of mass (short form of mass-specific):
Per unit of other type. The dividing unit is sometimes added before the term "specific", and sometimes omitted.
Other fields:
- SpecificitySpecificitySpecificity may refer to:* Being specific * Specificity , the proportion of negatives in a binary classification test which are correctly identified...
- Specific, a cureCureA cure is a completely effective treatment for a disease.The Cure is an English rock band.Cure, or similar, may also refer to:-Film and television:* The Cure , a short film starring Charlie Chaplin...
or therapyTherapyThis is a list of types of therapy .* Adventure therapy* Animal-assisted therapy* Aquatic therapy* Aromatherapy* Art and dementia* Art therapy* Authentic Movement* Behavioral therapy* Bibliotherapy* Buteyko Method* Chemotherapy...
for a specific illness
Law:
- Specific deterrence, focussed on an individual
- Specific findingSpecific findingA specific finding pertains to a type of verdict rendered in a jury trial. A judge may direct questions at the jury to be answered as part of its deliberations. These questions are meant to guide the jury through the facts of the case or the elements of each claim that must be proven...
, intermediate verdict used by a jury in determining the final verdict - Specific jurisdiction over an out-of-state party, specific to cases that have a substantial connection to the party's in-state activity.
- Order of specific performanceSpecific performanceSpecific performance is an order of a court which requires a party to perform a specific act, usually what is stated in a contract. It is an alternative to award/ for awarding damages, and is classed as an equitable remedy commonly used in the form of injunctive relief concerning confidential...
, court order to perform a specific act
Economics, finance, and accounting:
- Asset specificityAsset specificityAsset specificity is a term related to the inter-party relationships of a transaction. It is usually defined as the extent to which the investments made to support a particular transaction have a higher value to that transaction than they would have if they were redeployed for any other purpose...
, the extent to which the investments made to support a particular transaction have a higher value to that transaction than they would have if they were redeployed for any other purpose - Specific IdentificationSpecific IdentificationSpecific identification is a method of finding out ending inventory cost.It requires a detailed physical count, so that the company knows exactly how many of each goods brought on specific dates remained at year end inventory...
, summing purchase costs of all inventory items - Specific rate dutySpecific rate dutyA specific rate duty is a tariff levied on imports, defined in terms of a specific amount per unit, such as cents per kilogram. By contrast, an ad valorem duty is a charge levied on imports defined in terms of a fixed percentage of value....
, duty paid at a specific amount per unit - Specific riskSpecific riskIn finance, a specific risk is a risk that affects a very small number of assets. This is sometimes referred to as "unsystematic risk". In a balanced portfolio of assets there'd be a spread between general market risk and risks specific to individual components of that portfolio...
, risk that affects a very small number of assets
Psychology:
- Domain specificityDomain specificityDomain specificity is a theoretical position in cognitive science that argues that many aspects of cognition are supported by specialized, presumably evolutionarily specified, learning devices...
, theory that many aspects of cognition are supported by specialized, presumably evolutionarily specified, learning devices - Specific developmental disorderSpecific developmental disorderSpecific developmental disorders categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination.-ICD-10 taxonomy:...
- Specific learning disability
- Specific phobiaSpecific phobiaA specific phobia is a generic term for any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations...
, phobia of a specific thing or situation- Specific social phobiaSpecific social phobiaMental health professionals often distinguish between generalized social phobia and specific social phobia. People with generalized social phobia have great distress in a wide range of social situations. Those with specific social phobia may experience anxiety only in a few situations...
, triggered only by specific social situations
- Specific social phobia
Biology:
- Specific appetiteSpecific appetiteSpecific appetite, also known as specific hunger is a drive to eat foods with specific flavors or other characteristics.Regulation of homeostasis is essential to the survival of animals...
, drive to eat foods with specific flavors or other characteristics - Specific enzyme activity, activity per milligram of total protein
- Specific granule, secretory vesicle in granulocytes
- Specific growth rateSpecific growth rateSpecific growth rate is defined as the increase in cell mass per unit time, e.g., grams cells per gram cells per hour:...
, increase in cell mass per unit cell mass per unit time - Specific immunity, to a particular pathogen
- Specific leaf areaSpecific leaf area-Application:Specific leaf area can be used to estimate the reproductive strategy of a particular plant based upon light and moisture levels, among other factors. Specific leaf area is one of the most widely accepted key leaf characteristics used during the study of leaf traits...
, leaf area to dry mass - Specific name (botany), species name of a plant
- Specific name (zoology), species name of an animal
- Specific Pathogen FreeSpecific Pathogen FreeSpecific Pathogen Free is a term used for laboratory animals that are guaranteed free of particular pathogens. It is always accompanied by a list of the absent pathogens.Use of SPF animals ensures that specified diseases do not interfere with an experiment...
, of a laboratory animal guaranteed free of particular pathogens
Physics and engineering:
"Specific" generally means per unit of something (often mass), but signals a division by a quantity which may or may not be named. If the quantity is named, it is usually placed before "specific" in the term (i.e., thrust specific fuel consumption). Named and unnamed divisor quantities are given for the terms below.
Per unit of mass (short form of mass-specific):
- Specific activitySpecific activityIn nuclear sciences and technologies, "activity" is the SI quantity related to the phenomenon of natural and artificial radioactivity. The SI unit of "activity" is becquerel, Bq, while that of "specific activity" is Bq/kg. The old unit of "activity" was curie, Ci, while that of "specific activity"...
- Specific energySpecific energySpecific energy is defined as the energy per unit mass. Common metric units are J/kg. It is an intensive property. Contrast this with energy, which is an extensive property. There are two main types of specific energy: potential energy and specific kinetic energy. Others are the gray and sievert,...
- Specific internal energy
- Specific kinetic energy
- Specific enthalpy
- Specific force
- Specific heat capacity, heat capacity per unit mass, unless another unit is named, such as mole specific heat capacity, or volume specific heat capacity
- Specific latent heat
- Specific modulusSpecific modulusSpecific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is...
- Specific orbital energySpecific orbital energyIn the gravitational two-body problem, the specific orbital energy \epsilon\,\! of two orbiting bodies is the constant sum of their mutual potential energy and their total kinetic energy , divided by the reduced mass...
, orbital energy per unit mass - Specific powerSpecific powerIn physics and engineering, surface power density or sometimes simply specific power is power per unit area.-Applications:* The intensity of electromagnetic radiation can be expressed in W/m2...
, per unit of mass (or volume or area) - Specific relative angular momentumSpecific relative angular momentumThe specific relative angular momentum is also known as the areal momentum .In astrodynamics, the specific relative angular momentum of two orbiting bodies is the vector product of the relative position and the relative velocity. Equivalently, it is the total angular momentum divided by the...
- Specific surface areaSpecific surface areaSpecific surface area is a material property of solids which measures the total surface area per unit of mass, solid or bulk volume, or cross-sectional area...
, per unit of mass, volume, or cross-sectional area - Specific volumeSpecific volumeIn thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density:In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass...
, volume per unit of mass, or reciprocal of density
Per unit of other type. The dividing unit is sometimes added before the term "specific", and sometimes omitted.
- Brake specific fuel consumptionBrake specific fuel consumptionBrake Specific Fuel Consumption is a measure of fuel efficiency within a shaft reciprocating engine.It is the rate of fuel consumption divided by the power produced. It may also be thought of as power-specific fuel consumption, for this reason...
, fuel consumption per unit of braking power - Thrust specific fuel consumption, fuel consumption per unit of thrust
- Specific fuel consumption (disambiguation). Fuel consumption per unit thrust, or per unit power. Type defined as above.
- Specific acoustic impedance, ratio of sound pressure p to particle velocity v at a single frequency
- Specific conductance, conductance per meter. Same as electrical conductivity
- Specific detectivitySpecific detectivitySpecific detectivity, or D*, for a photodetector is a figure of merit used to characterize performance, equal to the reciprocal of noise-equivalent power , normalized per unit area....
of a photodetector - Specific gas constant, per molar mass
- Specific gravitySpecific gravitySpecific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance. Apparent specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a volume of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of the reference substance. The reference substance is nearly always water for...
, relative densityRelative densityRelative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific gravity usually means relative density with respect to water...
with respect to water (density per water density) - Specific heat of vaporization, enthalpy of vaporization, vaporizing heat per mole
- Specific humidity, ratio of water vapor to air (including water vapor and dry air) in a particular mass
- Specific impulseSpecific impulseSpecific impulse is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. It represents the derivative of the impulse with respect to amount of propellant used, i.e., the thrust divided by the amount of propellant used per unit time. If the "amount" of propellant is given in terms of mass ,...
, impulse (momentum change) per unit of propellant (either per unit of propellant mass, or per unit of propellant by Earth-weight) - Specific mass, actually meaning volume-specific mass, or mass per unit volume. Same as densityDensityThe mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...
- Specific melting heat, enthalpy of fusionEnthalpy of fusionThe enthalpy of fusion is the change in enthalpy resulting from heating one mole of a substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid. The temperature at which this occurs is the melting point....
; melting heat per mole - Specific modulusSpecific modulusSpecific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is...
, elastic modulus per mass density - Specific propertiesSpecific propertiesSpecific properties of a substance are derived from other intrinsic and extrinsic properties of that substance. For example, the density of steel can be derived from measurements of the mass of a steel bar divided by the volume of the bar...
of a substance - Specific resistance, resistance per meter. Same as electrical resistivityResistivityElectrical resistivity is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the movement of electric charge. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm metre...
- Specific speedSpecific speedSpecific speed Ns is a quasi non-dimensional number used to classify pump impellers as to their type and proportions. In Imperial units it is defined as the speed in revolutions per minute at which a geometrically similar impeller would operate if it were of such a size as to deliver one gallon per...
, unitless figure of merit used to classify pump impellers (pump-specific) and turbines (turbine-specific). Ratio of performance against reference pump that needs one unit of speed to pump one unit volume per one unit hydraulic headHydraulic headHydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of water pressure above a geodetic datum. It is usually measured as a water surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance of a piezometer...
pressure. For a turbine, it is performance measured against a reference turbine that develops one unit of power per one unit speed per one unit of hydraulic headHydraulic headHydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of water pressure above a geodetic datum. It is usually measured as a water surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance of a piezometer...
. - Specific strengthSpecific strengthThe specific strength is a material's strength divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength...
, material strength (pressure required at failure) per unit material density. - Specific surface areaSpecific surface areaSpecific surface area is a material property of solids which measures the total surface area per unit of mass, solid or bulk volume, or cross-sectional area...
, per unit of mass, volume, or cross-sectional area - Specific surface energySpecific surface energyspecific surface energy, also known as surface free energy, is the amount of increase of free energy when the area of surface increases by every unit area. It can be calculated using Stefan's formula. Specific surface energy is the same as surface tension for isotropic materials, but different...
, free energy per unit surface-area - Specific thrustSpecific thrustSpecific thrust is a term used in gas turbine engineering to show the relative bulk of a jet engine and is defined as the ratio: net thrust/total intake airflow.-Low specific thrust engines:...
, thrust per unit air intake rate - Specific weightSpecific weightThe specific weight is the weight per unit volume of a material. The symbol of specific weight is γ ....
, weight per unit volume
Other fields:
- Specific absorption rateSpecific absorption rateSpecific absorption rate is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency electromagnetic field; although, it can also refer to absorption of other forms of energy by tissue, including ultrasound . It is defined as the power absorbed per mass of...
, power absorbed per mass of tissue at a given frequency - Specific acid catalysis, in which the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of the protonated solvent molecules
- Specific capacity of a water well, quantity per unit of drawdown
- Specific creation, creationism as opposed to evolution
- Specific intervalSpecific intervalIn diatonic set theory a specific interval is the shortest possible clockwise distance between pitch classes on the chromatic circle , in other words the number of half steps between notes. The largest specific interval is one less than the number of "chromatic" pitches. In twelve tone equal...
, shortest possible clockwise distance between pitch classes on the chromatic circle - Specific integral, in calculus, eliminates the constant of integration
- Specific Physical PreparednessSpecific Physical PreparednessSpecific Physical Preparedness , also referred to by Sports-specific Physical Preparedness is the status of being prepared for the movements in a specific activity ....
, being prepared for the movements in a specific physical activity (usually a sport) - Specific rotationSpecific rotationIn stereochemistry, the specific rotation of a chemical compound [α] is defined as the observed angle of optical rotation α when plane-polarized light is passed through a sample with a path length of 1 decimeter and a sample concentration of 1 gram per 1 millilitre. It is the main property used to...
of a chemical, angle of optical rotation α when plane-polarized light is passed through a sample with a path length of one decimeter and a sample concentration of one gram per one millilitre - Specific storageSpecific storageSpecific storage , storativity , specific yield and specific capacity are material physical properties that characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater from storage in response to a decline in hydraulic head. For that reason they are sometimes referred to as "storage properties"...
, specific yield, and specific capacity, characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater from storage in response to a decline in hydraulic head
See also
- Species (disambiguation)Species (disambiguation)Species is one of the basic units of biological classification.Species may also refer to:*Chemical species, a common name for atoms, molecules, molecular fragments, ions, etc....
- Specification (disambiguation)Specification (disambiguation)Specification may refer to several different concepts:* Specification , an explicit set of requirements* Specification , from Roman Law...
- Specialty (disambiguation)
- Site-specific (disambiguation)
- Language for specific purposesLanguage for specific purposesLanguage for Specific Purposes has been primarily used to refer to two areas within applied linguistics:# one focusing on the needs in education and training....