Southbridge, Massachusetts
Encyclopedia
The Town of Southbridge is a city in Worcester County
Worcester County, Massachusetts
-Demographics:In 1990 Worcester County had a population of 709,705.As of the census of 2000, there were 750,963 people, 283,927 households, and 192,502 families residing in the county. The population density was 496 people per square mile . There were 298,159 housing units at an average density...

, Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. The population was 16,719 at the 2010 census.

History

The area was initially inhabited by the Nipmuck
Nipmuck
The Nipmuc are a group of Algonquian Indians native to Worcester County, Massachusetts, some parts of Northeastern CT, and NW RI, and the Northwestern and Western parts of Middlesex County, Massachusetts.-Name:...

 and Mohegan
Mohegan
The Mohegan tribe is an Algonquian-speaking tribe that lives in the eastern upper Thames River valley of Connecticut. Mohegan translates to "People of the Wolf". At the time of European contact, the Mohegan and Pequot were one people, historically living in the lower Connecticut region...

 tribes, with the Quinebaug River
Quinebaug River
The Quinebaug River is a river in south-central Massachusetts and eastern Connecticut, with watershed extending into western Rhode Island. The name "Quinebaug" comes from the southern New England Native American term, spelled variously Qunnubbâgge, Quinibauge, etc., meaning "long pond", from...

 dividing their territories. Local inhabitants likely paid tribute to both to be left in peace. As early as 1638, John Winthrop, Jr. purchased a tract for mining lead
Lead
Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...

 at what is now Leadmine Road in Sturbridge
Sturbridge, Massachusetts
Sturbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to Old Sturbridge Village living history museum and other sites of historical interest such as Tantiusques.The population was 9,268 at the 2010 census...

 (it was thought at the time that where there was lead, there should be silver
Silver
Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...

 nearby).

Southbridge was first settled by Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

ans in 1730 and incorporated in 1816; among the first settlers was Moses Marcy, who owned a home on the site of what is now Notre Dame church and was elected to Congress, and the Dennison family. Water power from the Quinebaug River made Southbridge a good location for sawmill
Sawmill
A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards.-Sawmill process:A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exits on the other end....

s and gristmill
Gristmill
The terms gristmill or grist mill can refer either to a building in which grain is ground into flour, or to the grinding mechanism itself.- Early history :...

s in the 18th century, and textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...

 mills in the 19th century. After the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

, many immigrants of Irish
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

 and French Canadian
French Canadian
French Canadian or Francophone Canadian, , generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France in the 17th and 18th centuries...

 descent came to work and live there; by the 1930s they had been joined by Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...

, Greeks
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....

, Italians and others.

Southbridge has a long history of manufacturing optical products, earning it the unofficial title "Eye of the Commonwealth", in reference to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Under the Wells family, the American Optical Company ("AO") became the world's largest manufacturer of ophthalmic products, and at its height employed more than 6,000 people around the world. Many of its workers were exempted from the draft
Conscription
Conscription is the compulsory enlistment of people in some sort of national service, most often military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and continues in some countries to the present day under various names...

 during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 since they were doing vital defense work, including making Norden bombsight
Norden bombsight
The Norden bombsight was a tachometric bombsight used by the United States Army Air Forces and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars to aid the crew of bomber aircraft in dropping bombs accurately...

s and even some work on the atomic bomb.

By the early 1960s, the mill town
Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories .- United Kingdom:...

 had a movie theatre, an AM radio station
Radio station
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...

 (WESO), and an airport
Airport
An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...

. New immigrants from Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

, Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

, and Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

 began arriving in the 1970s and 1980s, and the town now has a significant Hispanic and Puerto Rican population. The American Optical Company shut down in 1984, and Southbridge is still struggling from the loss of these and other manufacturing jobs.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the city has a total area of 20.9 square miles (54.1 km²), of which 20.4 square miles (52.8 km²) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²), or 2.40%, is water. Southbridge is drained by the Quinebaug River
Quinebaug River
The Quinebaug River is a river in south-central Massachusetts and eastern Connecticut, with watershed extending into western Rhode Island. The name "Quinebaug" comes from the southern New England Native American term, spelled variously Qunnubbâgge, Quinibauge, etc., meaning "long pond", from...

.

The principal road in Southbridge is Route 131
Massachusetts Route 131
Route 131 is a state highway in the U.S. states of Massachusetts and Connecticut. It serves the southwestern portion of the Worcester metropolitan area. It begins at Route 12 in the North Grosvenor Dale section of the town of Thompson in Connecticut and ends at U.S. Route 20 in the center of...

, known as Main Street through downtown and East Main Street past the "AO Rotary" and through Sandersdale, a village on the town's east side. North-south roads include Eastford Road and Elm Street (Route 198
Massachusetts Route 198
-Route description:The highway is a continuation of Connecticut Route 198 located entirely in the city of Southbridge. The highway ends at Route 131 in downtown Southbridge....

), and Worcester Street-Mechanic Street-North Woodstock Road (Route 169).

Southbridge was formed out of portions of three of its neighboring towns: Sturbridge
Sturbridge, Massachusetts
Sturbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to Old Sturbridge Village living history museum and other sites of historical interest such as Tantiusques.The population was 9,268 at the 2010 census...

 to the west, Charlton
Charlton, Massachusetts
Charlton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 12,981 at the 2010 census.- History :Charlton was first settled in 1735. It was established as a District separated off from Oxford on January 10, 1755, and became a Town in 1775 by a law that made all...

 to the north, and Dudley
Dudley, Massachusetts
Dudley is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,390 at the 2010 census.-History:Dudley was first settled in 1714 and was officially incorporated in 1732...

 to the east. The other neighboring towns are Woodstock
Woodstock, Connecticut
Woodstock is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 7,221 at the 2000 census.-Annual events:*The Woodstock Fair, run by the Woodstock Agricultural Society has been held since 1860. The current President of the Woodstock Fair is Susan Z. Hibbard...

, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...

, and Eastford, Connecticut
Eastford, Connecticut
Eastford is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,618 at the 2000 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it is water....

 to the south.

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2010, there were 16,719 people, 7,077 households, and 4,522 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 858.9 people per square mile (326.4/km²). There were 7,511 housing units at an average density of 368.9 per square mile (142.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.23% White, 1.43% Black or African American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.42% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 8.70% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 2.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.17% of the population.

There were 7,077 households out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,913, and the median income for a family was $41,863. Males had a median income of $36,008 versus $25,685 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the city was $18,514. About 13.0% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 15, 2008
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Democratic
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

4,590 38.48%
Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

1,132 9.49%
Unaffiliated 6,096 51.11%
Minor Parties 109 0.91%
Total 11,927 100%

Library

The Southbridge Public Library was founded in 1870. In fiscal year 2008, the town of Southbridge spent 1.03% ($426,025) of its budget on its public library—some $25 per person.

The Jacob Edwards Library is the public library for the town of Southbridge. It is a member of Central Massachusetts Regional Library System
Central Massachusetts Regional Library System
Central Massachusetts Regional Library System was a multitype library system serving 244 academic, public, school and special libraries in 72 central Massachusetts communities. CMRLS was one of six Massachusetts Regional Library Systems . Collectively, CMRLS libraries serve 924,491 people who...

 (CMRLS) and C/W MARS
C/W MARS
Central/Western Massachusetts Automated Resource Sharing, Inc. is a library consortium dedicated to efficient resource sharing and rapid access to information. C/W MARS was formed in 1982 to promote resource sharing among 28 public and academic libraries through a shared library automation system...

.

Education

Southbridge has three public elementary schools, formerly "neighborhood schools" serving grades K-5. Since the 1988-1989 school year, however, all kindergarten and 1st grade classes have been at Eastford Road School; all of grades 2-3 at Charlton Street School; and all of grades 4-5 at West Street School. Grades 6-8 are at Mary E. Wells Junior High School, the former high school building. Grades 9-12 are at Southbridge High School, which includes the old Cole Trade School building. Southbridge residents can also attend Bay Path Regional Vocational Technical High School
Bay Path Regional Vocational Technical High School
Bay Path Regional Vocational Technical High School is a secondary school located in Charlton, Massachusetts and sits on top of Old Mugget Hill. The school serves about 1100 students grades 9 to 12 and some Post-Grad students as well.-General:...

 in Charlton
Charlton, Massachusetts
Charlton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 12,981 at the 2010 census.- History :Charlton was first settled in 1735. It was established as a District separated off from Oxford on January 10, 1755, and became a Town in 1775 by a law that made all...

.

In addition to the public schools, a parochial private school, Trinity Catholic Academy
Trinity Catholic Academy
Trinity Catholic Academy is a private Roman Catholic school located on the grounds of St. Mary's Parish in Southbridge, Massachusetts. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester.The school has an approximate enrollment of 250 students and classes range from Pre-K to the 8th grade...

, serves the elementary grades.

Transportation

Southbridge is served by Southbridge Municipal Airport
Southbridge Municipal Airport
Southbridge Municipal Airport is a public airport located two miles north of the central business district of the Town of Southbridge, a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA. The airport is owned by the Town of Southbridge...

(3B0), a public owned airport managed through a contract with Jim's Flying Service. Runway 02/20 has a 3501 x 75 feet asphalt surface.

Sites of interest


Notable residents

  • George Thorndike Angell
    George Thorndike Angell
    George Thorndike Angell was an American lawyer, philanthropist, and advocate for the humane treatment of animals....

     - founder of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
  • Jeff Belanger
    Jeff Belanger
    Jeff Belanger is an American author, public speaker and paranormal investigator.Jeff Belanger graduated from Hofstra University with a B.A. in English...

     - author, public speaker and paranormal investigator
  • Sidney Clarke
    Sidney Clarke
    Sidney Clarke was a U.S. Representative from Kansas, a Kansas state speaker of the house, and an Oklahoma territorial legislator. He was a part of the Oklahoma statehood movement.-Early life:...

     - congressman
  • Kenny Dykstra - professional wrestler
  • Michael Earls
    Michael Earls
    Michael Earls, S.J. was a Jesuit priest, as well as a writer, poet, teacher, and administrator. The eldest of ten children, he was born in 1875 to Irish immigrant parents, Martin Earls and Mary Earls, in Southbridge, Massachusetts, a manufacturing town in south, central Massachusetts.He attended...

     - Jesuit priest, writer, poet and teacher
  • John Fitzgerald
    John Fitzgerald (football player)
    John Robert Fitzgerald is a retired American football center in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys from 1971 to 1980, including four Super Bowls...

     - football center
  • Félix Gatineau
    Félix Gatineau
    Félix Gatineau was a French-Canadian statesman and historian in his adopted hometown of Southbridge, Massachusetts. He was born in Sainte-Victoire, Quebec, an area halfway between Montreal and Quebec City. Gatineau arrived in Southbridge in 1877...

     - historian and state legislator
  • William L. Marcy
    William L. Marcy
    William Learned Marcy was an American statesman, who served as U.S. Senator and the 11th Governor of New York, and as the U.S. Secretary of War and U.S. Secretary of State.-Early life:...

     - senator and governor of New York
    Governor of New York
    The Governor of the State of New York is the chief executive of the State of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military and naval forces. The officeholder is afforded the courtesy title of His/Her...

    , secretary of war, and secretary of state
  • Calvin Paige
    Calvin Paige
    Calvin DeWitt Paige was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.He was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts. He was president of the Central Cotton Mills Company, the Southbridge Savings Bank, and the Edwards Company....

     - businessman and congressman
  • William Tremblay
    William Tremblay
    William Tremblay is an American poet, novelist, and Colorado State University Professor Emeritus.Born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, Tremblay received an B.A in English Literature and an M.A. in American Literature from Clark University, and he received a M.F.A. in Creative Writing from the...

     - poet, novelist and professor
  • Jerry
    Jerry
    Jerry may refer to:* Jerry , a unisex given name* Jerry , a World War Two-era nickname for German soldiers* Jerry Seinfeld , eponymous character in the American sitcom, Seinfeld* Jerry Maguire, a film starring Tom Cruise...

     - Environmentalist - "Five Cents is no joke."

See also

  • Dexter-Russell
    Dexter-Russell
    Dexter-Russell, Inc. is a cutlery manufacturing company in the town of Southbridge, MA, It is the largest US manufacturer of professional cutlery, and is also the oldest cutlery manufacturer in the United States.-Harrington Cutlery Company:...

    , cutlery manufacturing company in Southbridge
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Southbridge, Massachusetts
  • Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
    Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
    Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by McKinstry Brook, Quinebaug River, and Mill Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts.It was built in 1836 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989....

  • Stonebridge Press
    Stonebridge Press
    Stonebridge Press Inc. is a privately held newspaper company based in Southbridge, Massachusetts. It was formed October 27, 1995, to operate the newspapers acquired through the purchase of Worcester County Newspapers....

    , newspaper company based in Southbridge
  • Westville Dam
    Westville Dam
    The Westville Dam is located on the Quinebaug River in Southbridge, Massachusetts, about west of the center of town and southwest of Worcester, Massachusetts....


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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