Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
Encyclopedia
Sheikh Fazlollah Noori was a prominent Shiite Muslim cleric in Iran during the late 19th and early 20th century who fought against the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Iranian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution or Iranian Constitutional Revolution took place between 1905 and 1907...

 and was executed for treason as a result. Today, he is considered a martyr (shahid) in the fight against democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...

 by Islamic conservatives in Iran.

Sheik Fazlullah was born in 1843. After finishing primary education, he left Iran for Najaf and left for Samara to enjoy Mirza Shirazi's excellence. He went to Iran in 1883 and took resident in Tehran. He believed in the Sharia. He believed that Muslims need and Islamic parliament based on Koran and Mohammad's experience.

Noori was one of the most vigorous opponents of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Iranian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution or Iranian Constitutional Revolution took place between 1905 and 1907...

, a movement to remove foreign influence from Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...

, limit the power of the Shah and establish a national consultative assembly that would give the people a voice in the affairs of state. The movement was led principally by merchants, intellectuals and some clerics. Noori initially gave restrained support to the uprising, but he soon became an extreme critic and enemy of the constitutionalists. He authored pamphlets and incited mobs against constitutionalism and constitutionalists preaching that they would bring vice to Iran. He issued a fatwa declaring all members of the new parliament and government "apostates", "atheists," "secret Babis," and koffar al-harbi (warlike pagans) whose blood ought to be shed by the faithful.

Noori allied himself with the new Shah, Mohammad Ali Shah, who with the assistance of Russian troops staged a coup against the Majlis (parliament) in 1907. In 1909, however, constitutionalists marched onto Tehran
Tehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...

 (the capital of Iran). Noori was arrested, tried and found guilty of `sowing corruption and sedition on earth,` and in July 1909, Noori was hanged as a traitor.

See also

  • Iranian Constitutional Revolution
    Iranian Constitutional Revolution
    The Persian Constitutional Revolution or Iranian Constitutional Revolution took place between 1905 and 1907...

  • Qajar Dynasty
    Qajar dynasty
    The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian royal family of Turkic descent who ruled Persia from 1785 to 1925....

  • History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran
    History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran
    The history of fundamentalist Islam in Iran covers the history of Islamic revivalism and the rise of political Islam in modern Iran. Today, there are basically three types of Islam in Iran: traditionalism, modernism, and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism...

  • Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
    Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
    Ayatollah Mirzā Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i was one of the leaders of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution who played an important role in the establishment of democracy and rule of law in Iran...


Further reading

  • Ahmad Kasravi
    Ahmad Kasravi
    Ahmad Kasravi , was a notable Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.Born in Hokmabad , Tabriz, Iran, Kasravi was an Iranian Azeri Initially, Kasravi enrolled in a seminary. Later, he joined the Iranian Constitutional Revolution...

    , Tārikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran (تاریخ مشروطهٔ ایران) (History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution), in Persian, 951 p. (Negāh Publications, Tehran, 2003), ISBN 9643511383. Note: This book is also available in two volumes, published by Amir Kabir Publications in 1984. Amir Kabir's 1961 edition is in one volume, 934 pages.
  • Ahmad Kasravi, History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Tārikh-e Mashrute-ye Iran, Volume I, translated into English by Evan Siegel, 347 p. (Mazda Publications, Costa Mesa, California, 2006). ISBN 1568591977
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