Sharaf al-Daula
Encyclopedia
Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris was the Buyid amir of Kerman
and Fars (983-988/9), as well as Iraq
(987-988/9). He was the eldest son of 'Adud al-Daula
.
When Kerman was conquered by his father in 968, Abu'l-Fawaris was appointed as viceroy to that province. For some time after 977 he resided in Baghdad
, but was then sent back to Kerman. As the eldest son, Shirdil regarded himself as the successor to his father; 'Adud al-Daula's apparent preference for his second son Marzuban
therefore made him hostile toward his brother. 'Adud al-Daula never definitively named a successor by the time of his death in 983. Marzuban (now Samsam al-Daula) took power in Baghdad as senior amir, but Shirdil also laid his claims to the succession, and from Kerman he invaded and captured Fars.
Shirdil, who now used the title "Sharaf al-Daula", soon found his position surrounded by enemies. In the west, Samsam al-Daula ruled in Baghdad, while two more of his brothers, Taj al-Daula
and Diya' al-Daula
, were in control of Basra
and Khuzestan. To the north, Fakhr al-Daula
ruled in Ray
. The next few years were spent by Sharaf al-Daula fighting against all of these individuals. He provided support to the Samanids when Fakhr al-Daula attempted to wrest Khurasan
from them. Despite this, the rulers of Basra and Khuzestan soon acknowledged Fakhr al-Daula as senior amir, making the latter the most powerful of the Buyids.
Despite this turn of events, Sharaf al-Daula was able to expand his position. He recovered Buyid Oman
, which had earlier seceded to Samsam al-Daula. In early 986 he captured Basra and Khuzestan, forcing the two brothers to flee to Fakhr al-Daula's territory. He then took on Samsam al-Daula; by May or June 986 the latter recognized Sharaf al-Daula as senior amir. Sharaf al-Daula probably intended to invade Fakhr al-Daula's realm, but Iraq soon slipped into anarchy and he was forced to intervene there. He entered Baghdad in 987, deposed Samsam al-Daula and imprisoned him in Fars. In July of that year the caliph
proclaimed him as senior amir.
Sharaf al-Daula's next planned to subdue the Kurd
Badr ibn Hasanwaih, who had taken over Diyarbakr during Samsam al-Daula's reign and was an ally of Fakhr al-Daula. The campaign failed, and not long afterwards Sharaf al-Daula died, either in 988 or 989. He had managed to mostly preserve 'Adud al-Daula's empire, but the Buyids of Ray under Fakhr al-Daula had become effectively independent. He was succeeded by his brother Baha' al-Daula
, but Samsam al-Daula escaped from prison and captured Fars, Kerman and Khuzestan.
Kerman
- Geological characteristics :For the Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. Finding new dinosaur footprints in 2005 has now revealed new hopes for paleontologists to better understand the history of this area.- Economy :...
and Fars (983-988/9), as well as Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
(987-988/9). He was the eldest son of 'Adud al-Daula
'Adud al-Daula
Aḍud al-Dawla or Azod od-Dowleh Panah Khusraw was an emir of the Buyid dynasty in Iran and Iraq...
.
When Kerman was conquered by his father in 968, Abu'l-Fawaris was appointed as viceroy to that province. For some time after 977 he resided in Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, but was then sent back to Kerman. As the eldest son, Shirdil regarded himself as the successor to his father; 'Adud al-Daula's apparent preference for his second son Marzuban
Samsam al-Daula
Abu Kalijar Marzuban aka Samsam al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq , as well as Fars and Kerman . He was the second son of 'Adud al-Daula.The Abbasaid recognized his succession and conferred upon him the title Samsam Al-Daula. Samsam's rule lasted for barely four years...
therefore made him hostile toward his brother. 'Adud al-Daula never definitively named a successor by the time of his death in 983. Marzuban (now Samsam al-Daula) took power in Baghdad as senior amir, but Shirdil also laid his claims to the succession, and from Kerman he invaded and captured Fars.
Shirdil, who now used the title "Sharaf al-Daula", soon found his position surrounded by enemies. In the west, Samsam al-Daula ruled in Baghdad, while two more of his brothers, Taj al-Daula
Taj al-Daula
Taj al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Khuzestan during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Daula.Following 'Adud al-Daula's death in 983, his possessions were divided between his sons. Samsam al-Daula, who was the presumed successor of 'Adud al-Daula, took power, but Sharaf al-Daula took advantage...
and Diya' al-Daula
Diya' al-Daula
Diya' al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Basra during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Daula.- History :Following 'Adud al-Daula's death in 983, his possessions were divided between his sons. Samsam al-Daula, who was the presumed successor of 'Adud al-Daula, took power, but Sharaf al-Daula took...
, were in control of Basra
Basra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
and Khuzestan. To the north, Fakhr al-Daula
Fakhr al-Daula
Fakhr al-Dawla was the Buyid amir of Jibal , Hamadan and Gurgan and Tabaristan . He was the second son of Rukn al-Daula.-Rise to power and deposition:...
ruled in Ray
Ray, Iran
Rey or Ray , also known as Rhages and formerly as Arsacia, is the capital of Rey County, Tehran Province, Iran, and is the oldest existing city in the province....
. The next few years were spent by Sharaf al-Daula fighting against all of these individuals. He provided support to the Samanids when Fakhr al-Daula attempted to wrest Khurasan
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
from them. Despite this, the rulers of Basra and Khuzestan soon acknowledged Fakhr al-Daula as senior amir, making the latter the most powerful of the Buyids.
Despite this turn of events, Sharaf al-Daula was able to expand his position. He recovered Buyid Oman
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
, which had earlier seceded to Samsam al-Daula. In early 986 he captured Basra and Khuzestan, forcing the two brothers to flee to Fakhr al-Daula's territory. He then took on Samsam al-Daula; by May or June 986 the latter recognized Sharaf al-Daula as senior amir. Sharaf al-Daula probably intended to invade Fakhr al-Daula's realm, but Iraq soon slipped into anarchy and he was forced to intervene there. He entered Baghdad in 987, deposed Samsam al-Daula and imprisoned him in Fars. In July of that year the caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
proclaimed him as senior amir.
Sharaf al-Daula's next planned to subdue the Kurd
Kürd
Kürd or Kyurd or Kyurt may refer to:*Kürd Eldarbəyli, Azerbaijan*Kürd Mahrızlı, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Goychay, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Jalilabad, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Qabala, Azerbaijan*Qurdbayram, Azerbaijan...
Badr ibn Hasanwaih, who had taken over Diyarbakr during Samsam al-Daula's reign and was an ally of Fakhr al-Daula. The campaign failed, and not long afterwards Sharaf al-Daula died, either in 988 or 989. He had managed to mostly preserve 'Adud al-Daula's empire, but the Buyids of Ray under Fakhr al-Daula had become effectively independent. He was succeeded by his brother Baha' al-Daula
Baha' al-Daula
Baha' al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq , along with Fars and Kerman . He was the third son of 'Adud al-Daula....
, but Samsam al-Daula escaped from prison and captured Fars, Kerman and Khuzestan.