Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
Encyclopedia
The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army
, at least by 1918, it was only of corps
strength.
The Seventh Army was established in 1877 for service in Arabia and the Yemen
. By 1908 it consisted of the 13th and 14th infantry divisions, one cavalry regiment and one artillery regiment and they were involved in combatting insurgent tribesmen in the Yemen.
In late 1917, commanded by Fevzi Pasha, the Seventh Army was ordered to advanced across the desert in order to bring pressure to bear upon Allenby's inland flank in Palestine. While Allenby attacked the Ottoman Eighth Army
, his Australian Mounted Division was sent to hold back the advance of the Seventh Army. The Seventh Army did manage to force the Australians to retreat by several miles but ultimately the Australians held their line. After the British victory in the Battle of Mughar Ridge
on 13 November (which did not directly involve the Seventh Army), Fevsi decided to withdraw the Seventh Army to guard Jerusalem.
The Seventh Army was destroyed by British aerial bombardment during its retreat from Nablus on 21 September 1918.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army
Field army
A Field Army, or Area Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national military forces for a military formation superior to a corps and beneath an army group....
, at least by 1918, it was only of corps
Corps
A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service...
strength.
The Seventh Army was established in 1877 for service in Arabia and the Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
. By 1908 it consisted of the 13th and 14th infantry divisions, one cavalry regiment and one artillery regiment and they were involved in combatting insurgent tribesmen in the Yemen.
Order of Battle, August 1917
In August 1917, the army was structured as follows:- Seventh ArmySeventh Army (Ottoman Empire)The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
, SyriaSyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
(Mirliva Mustafa Kemal PashaMustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
)- III CorpsIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
- 24th Division, 50th Division
- XV CorpsXV Corps (Ottoman Empire)The XV Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I...
- 19th Division, 20th Division
- German Asia CorpsAsia KorpsThe Asia Corps or Asia Korps was a detachment of the German Army, sent to assist the Ottoman Army during World War I.-Pasha I:...
- III Corps
In late 1917, commanded by Fevzi Pasha, the Seventh Army was ordered to advanced across the desert in order to bring pressure to bear upon Allenby's inland flank in Palestine. While Allenby attacked the Ottoman Eighth Army
Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Eighth Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, January 1918 :In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:...
, his Australian Mounted Division was sent to hold back the advance of the Seventh Army. The Seventh Army did manage to force the Australians to retreat by several miles but ultimately the Australians held their line. After the British victory in the Battle of Mughar Ridge
Battle of Mughar Ridge
The Battle of El Mughar Ridge , took place on 13 November 1917 during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War...
on 13 November (which did not directly involve the Seventh Army), Fevsi decided to withdraw the Seventh Army to guard Jerusalem.
Order of Battle, January 1918
In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:- Seventh ArmySeventh Army (Ottoman Empire)The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
(Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi PashaFevzi ÇakmakMustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...
)- III CorpsIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
- 1st Division, 19th Division, 24th Division
- XV CorpsXX Corps (Ottoman Empire)The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
- 26th Division, 53rd Division
- 3rd Cavalry Division
- German Asia Corps
- III Corps
Order of Battle, June 1918
In June 1918, the army was structured as follows:- Seventh ArmySeventh Army (Ottoman Empire)The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
(Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi PashaFevzi ÇakmakMustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...
)- III CorpsIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
- 1st Division, 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
- XV CorpsXX Corps (Ottoman Empire)The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
- 26th Division, 53rd Division, 19th Division
- German Asia Corps
- III Corps
Order of Battle, September 1918
In September 1918, the army was structured as follows:- Seventh ArmySeventh Army (Ottoman Empire)The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
(Mirliva Mustafa Kemal PashaMustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
)- III CorpsIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
(Miralay İsmet BeyIsmet InönüMustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" .-Family and early life:...
)- 1st Division, 11th Division
- XV CorpsXX Corps (Ottoman Empire)The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
(Miralay Ali Fuat BeyAli Fuat CebesoyAli Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...
)- 26th Division, 53rd Division
- III Corps
The Seventh Army was destroyed by British aerial bombardment during its retreat from Nablus on 21 September 1918.
Order of Battle, November 1918
In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:- Seventh ArmySeventh Army (Ottoman Empire)The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength....
(Mirliva Ali Fuat PashaAli Fuat CebesoyAli Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...
, deputy)- III CorpsIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.- Order of Battle, 1911 :...
- 11th Division, 24th Division
- XX CorpsXX Corps (Ottoman Empire)The XX Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, December 1916 :In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:...
- 1st Division, 43rd Division
- III Corps