Sergei Vonsovsky
Encyclopedia
Sergei Vasilyevich Vonsovsky (also spelled as Vonsovskii or Vonsovskiy, Russian
: Сергей Васильевич Вонсовский; 1910–1998) was a prominent Soviet
and Russia
n physicist.
. In 1932 he graduated from the Leningrad University. In 1932 he moved to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg
) and started working at the Ural Physicotechical Institute, later - at the Metals Physics Institute of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
. In 1943 he defended his second thesis and received the highest scientific degree of Doctor of Science (Russian degree called doctor nauk). From 1947 he also kept a professorship at the chair of theoretical physics at the department of physics of the Ural State University
. Since 1971 to 1985 he was the director of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
.
Sergei Vonsovsky led researches in the field of metal physics studying the transition metal
s and the fusions. He created the fusions ferromagnetism
theory and developed the theory of magnetic anisotropy
. He also worked at the field of the transition metal
s and fusions superconductivity
in particular he studied the problem of simultaneity of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism
.
He was the founder of the Ural scientific school in ferromagnetism and metals physics.
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
instituted Vonsovsky Gold Medal in his honour.
One of the streets of Yekaterinburg
is called after academician Vonsovsky. The main scientific award of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
is called the Vonsovsky Gold Medal. In Yekaterinburg
you may also find a monument to Sergei Vonsovsky.
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
: Сергей Васильевич Вонсовский; 1910–1998) was a prominent Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n physicist.
Biography
Sergei Vonsovsky was born in 1910 in TashkentTashkent
Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was about 2.2 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.-Early Islamic History:...
. In 1932 he graduated from the Leningrad University. In 1932 he moved to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
) and started working at the Ural Physicotechical Institute, later - at the Metals Physics Institute of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
. In 1943 he defended his second thesis and received the highest scientific degree of Doctor of Science (Russian degree called doctor nauk). From 1947 he also kept a professorship at the chair of theoretical physics at the department of physics of the Ural State University
Ural State University
The Ural State University is located in the city of Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation. Founded in 1920, it was an exclusive educational establishment made of several institutes which later became independent universities and schools.In 1936 the university was named after one of...
. Since 1971 to 1985 he was the director of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
.
Sergei Vonsovsky led researches in the field of metal physics studying the transition metal
Transition metal
The term transition metal has two possible meanings:*The IUPAC definition states that a transition metal is "an element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell." Group 12 elements are not transition metals in this definition.*Some...
s and the fusions. He created the fusions ferromagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished...
theory and developed the theory of magnetic anisotropy
Anisotropy
Anisotropy is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which implies identical properties in all directions. It can be defined as a difference, when measured along different axes, in a material's physical or mechanical properties An example of anisotropy is the light...
. He also worked at the field of the transition metal
Transition metal
The term transition metal has two possible meanings:*The IUPAC definition states that a transition metal is "an element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell." Group 12 elements are not transition metals in this definition.*Some...
s and fusions superconductivity
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum...
in particular he studied the problem of simultaneity of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism
Paramagnetism
Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby the paramagnetic material is only attracted when in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. In contrast with this, diamagnetic materials are repulsive when placed in a magnetic field...
.
He was the founder of the Ural scientific school in ferromagnetism and metals physics.
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
instituted Vonsovsky Gold Medal in his honour.
Honours
- Full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of SciencesThe Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
(1966) - Hero of Socialist Labour (1969)
- Foreign member of the Polish Academy of SciencesPolish Academy of SciencesThe Polish Academy of Sciences, headquartered in Warsaw, is one of two Polish institutions having the nature of an academy of sciences.-History:...
- Foreign corresponding member of the German Academy of Sciences
- State Prize of USSR (1975, 1982)
- Vavilov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of SciencesThe Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
(1982) - Three Orders of LeninOrder of LeninThe Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
- Order of the Red StarOrder of the Red StarEstablished on 6 April 1930, the Order of the Red Star was an order of the Soviet Union, given to Red Army and Soviet Navy personnel for "exceptional service in the cause of the defense of the Soviet Union in both war and peace". It was established by Resolution of the Presidium of the CEC of the...
- Order of the Red Banner of LabourOrder of the Red Banner of LabourThe Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an order of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order.-History:The Red...
- Demidov PrizeDemidov PrizeThe Demidov Prize was a national scientific prize in the Russian Empire awarded annually to the members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. One of the most prestigious and oldest scientific awards in the world, its traditions influenced other awards of this kind including the Nobel Prize...
(1993) - Honorary citizen of YekaterinburgYekaterinburgYekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
One of the streets of Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
is called after academician Vonsovsky. The main scientific award of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
is called the Vonsovsky Gold Medal. In Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
you may also find a monument to Sergei Vonsovsky.
Short bibliography
- S. V. Vonsovsky & Y. S. Shur, Ferromagnetism (Moscow, 1948)
- S. V. Vonsovskii, Ferromagnetic Resonance (Pergamon: Oxford, 1966)
- S. V. Vonsovsky, Magnetism (Wiley, 1974), in two volumes
- S. V. Vonsovsky, Magnetism of elementary particles (Moscow, 1975)
- S. V. Vonsovsky and M. I. Katsnelson, Quantum Solid State Physics (1989)