Senate of Iran
Encyclopedia
The Senate House of Iran (Persian
: Kakh-e Majles-e Sena, کاخ مجلس سنا) was the upper house
legislative chamber during the Pahlavi dynasty
and was disbanded after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran
(also known as Persia), when the legislature became unicameral. It had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution.
Currently, the building is used by the Assembly of Experts
.
in 1955". The construction was led by Mr. Rahmat Safai, the dome being one of the most technically challenging projects in the entire endeavor.
The building is depicted on the reverse
of the Iranian 100 rials
banknote.
in 1979, the government became unicameral, the senate was dissolved and the new Majlis
convened in the senate building.
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
: Kakh-e Majles-e Sena, کاخ مجلس سنا) was the upper house
Upper house
An upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
legislative chamber during the Pahlavi dynasty
Pahlavi dynasty
The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
and was disbanded after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
(also known as Persia), when the legislature became unicameral. It had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution.
Currently, the building is used by the Assembly of Experts
Assembly of Experts
The Assembly of Experts of Iran , also translated as Council of Experts, is a deliberative body of 86 Mujtahids that is charged with electing and removing the Supreme Leader of Iran and supervising his activities.Members of the assembly are elected from a government-screened list of candidates by...
.
Constitution
Established as per Chapter 3, Article 45 of the Persian Constitution of 1906,The Building
The Senate House of Iran was designed by the Architect Heydar GhiaïHeydar Ghiai
Heydar Gholi Khan Ghiaï-Chamlou who graduated from the École des Beaux-Arts in 1952, was known as a pioneer of modern architecture in Iran.He designed the Senate House, the Royal Tehran Hilton Hotel, several train stations, cinemas, various civic and government buildings and the first series of...
in 1955". The construction was led by Mr. Rahmat Safai, the dome being one of the most technically challenging projects in the entire endeavor.
The building is depicted on the reverse
Obverse and reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags , seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, obverse means the front face of the object and reverse...
of the Iranian 100 rials
Iranian rial
The rial is the currency of Iran. It is subdivided into 100 dinar but, because of the very low current value of the rial, no fraction of the rial is used in accounting....
banknote.
Members
- Dr. Mahmoud HessabyMahmoud HessabySayyed Mahmoud Hessaby was a prominent Iranian scientist, researcher and distinguished professor of University of Tehran...
(1951–1963). - Ali DashtiAli DashtiAli Dashti was an Iranian rationalist of the twentieth century. Dashti was also an Iranian senator.-Life:...
for 1954-1979. - Jafar Sharif-EmamiJafar Sharif-EmamiJafar Sharif-Imami was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of the Iranian Senate, president of the Pahlavi Foundation, president of the Iran Chamber of Industries and Mines, and twice prime minister during the reign...
, Prime Minister of Iran (1960-1961 & 1978), was in the Iranian senate. He was the president thereof for a number of years. - Jamshid Aalam (1973–1979)
List of Speakers
| Name | Entered office | Left office | Party | |
| Senate House | ||||
| 1 | Ebrahim Hakimi Ebrahim Hakimi Ebrahim Hakimi was a Prime Minister of Iran.He was born in Tabriz to an ethnic Iranian Azeri family. He attended Dar ol-Fonoon, and finished advanced studies in Medicine in Paris.... |
19 August 1951 | 1 March 1957 | Party for Progress Progress Party Progress Party may refer to:* Gabonese Progress Party, political party in Gabon* German Progress Party, the first modern political party with a program in Germany... |
| 2 | Hasan Taqizadeh | 1 March 1957 | 1 September 1960 | Liberal Party |
| 3 | Mohsen Sadr Mohsen Sadr Mohsen Sadr was a Prime Minister of Iran.He was born in Mahallat in Markazi in 1866 as the son of Seyyed Hossein 'Fakhr ol-Zakerin', a wealthy clergyman, by a daughter of Hajji Molla Akbar Khorassani... |
11 September 1960 | 11 September 1964 | Socialist Party Socialist Party (Iran) The Socialist Party The Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Persian language: حزب سوسیالیست or Hizb-I Socialyist was a leading left-wing political party active in Iran during the 1920s. A minor group of the same name appeared for a while in the 1940s.-Development:... |
| 4 | Jafar Sharif-Emami Jafar Sharif-Emami Jafar Sharif-Imami was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of the Iranian Senate, president of the Pahlavi Foundation, president of the Iran Chamber of Industries and Mines, and twice prime minister during the reign... |
11 September 1964 | 24 March 1978 | Rastakhiz Rastakhiz Rastakhiz Party was founded on March 2, 1975 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The party was intended as Iran's new single party, holding a monopoly on political activity in Iran, and to which all Iranians were required to belong... |
| 5 | Mohammad Sajadi | 24 March 1978 | 10 February 1979 | National Front National Front (Iran) The National Front of Iran or Jebhe Melli is a Democratic, political opposition group founded by Mohammad Mossadegh and other secular Iranian leaders of Nationalist, Liberal, and Social-Democratic political orientation who had been educated in France in the late 1940s... |
Dissolution
Following the Iranian revolutionIranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the...
in 1979, the government became unicameral, the senate was dissolved and the new Majlis
Majlis
' , is an Arabic term meaning "a place of sitting", used in the context of "council", to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups be it administrative, social or religious in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to Islamic countries...
convened in the senate building.
Major events
- 1950 (February 9), first inaugural session presided by His Imperial Majesty Mohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
. - 1952, Mohammad Mossadeq mangaged to obtain power to rule by decreeRule by decreeRule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged creation of law by a single person or group, and is used primarily by dictators and absolute monarchs, although philosophers such as Giorgio Agamben have argued that it has been generalized since World War I in all modern states,...
— first, for a six-month period and then extended — due to his popularity. Later, he organized a plebiscite in 1953, won the votes, and dissolved both the Majlis and Senate. Upon Mossadeq's ouster, the legislative bodies were revived. - 1961, Mohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Reza PahlaviMohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
dissolved both the Majlis and Senate. Some time after this, the bodies were restored once again.
- 1979 Senate approves the government of Shapour BakhtiarShapour BakhtiarShapour Bakhtiar was an Iranian political scientist, writer and the last Prime Minister of Iran under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi...
.
See also
- Iran Constitution of 1906Iran Constitution of 1906The Persia Constitution of 1906 was Persia's first constitution that resulted from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was written by Ismail Mumtaz. It divides into five chapters with many articles that developed over several years...
- Iranian legislative election, 1975Iranian legislative election, 1975Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 20 June 1975. All 268 seats were won by the new monarchist party, Rastakhiz. Voter turnout was 48.6%.-Candidates:...
- Unicameral legislature of Islamic Republic of IranMajlis of IranThe National Consultative Assembly of Iran , also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran...