Scholars in Russian law - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Imperial Russian jurists

Semyon Desnitsky

Semyon Efimovich Desnitsky was a disciple of Adam Smith who introduced his ideas to the Russian public. He was also the first academic to deliver his lectures in Russian language rather than in Latin....

Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen

Alexander Herzen

Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen was a Russian pro-Western writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism", and one of the main fathers of agrarian populism...

(Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен) (1812–1870) was a major Russian political philosopher and is known as the "father of Russian socialism".

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin

Boris Chicherin

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin was a Russian jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms...

(Борис Николаевич Чичерин) (1828–1904) was a Russian jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms. By the time of the Russian Revolution, Chicherin was probably the most reputed historian and philosopher in Russia. Uncle of Georgy Chicherin

Georgy Chicherin

Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin was a Marxist revolutionary and a Soviet politician. He served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in the Soviet government from March 1918 to 1930.-Childhood and early career:...

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Friedrich Martens

Friedrich Martens

Friedrich Fromhold Martens, or Friedrich Fromhold von Martens, also known as Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens in Russian and Frédéric Frommhold Martens in French was a diplomat and jurist in service of the Russian Empire who made important contributions to the science of international law...

(Фёдор Фёдорович Мартенс) (1845–1909), one of the so-called fathers of international law

International law

Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...

and Russia's representative to the Hague convention.

Sergey Muromtsev (1850-1910)

Sergey Muromtsev

Sergei Andreevich Muromtsev was a Russian lawyer and politician, and chairman of the First Imperial Duma in 1906....

Maksim Maksimovich Kovalevsky (1851-1916)

Maksim Kovalevsky

Maksim Maksimovich Kovalevsky was a sociologist and professor of Legal History at the University of St Petersburg.He studied at the University of Kharkov under Dmitri Kachanovsky....

, a Russian jurist and one of the founders of the Progressist Party

Progressist Party

The Progressist Party was a group of moderate Russian liberals organized in 1908; it had 28 deputies in the Third Duma and 48 in the Fourth. Its most prominent members were Ivan Nikolaevich Efremov, Alexander Konovalov, and Pavel Ryabushinsky...

. Kovalevsky taught international law

International law

at Moscow University.

Paul Vinogradoff (1854-1925)

Paul Vinogradoff

Sir Paul Vinogradoff November 1854, Kostroma, Russia– 19 December 1925, Paris, France) was a highly reputable Anglo-Russian historian-medievalist.-Career:...

, professor of Jurisprudence at University of Oxford.

Vasily Maklakov (1869-1957)

Vasily Maklakov

Vasily Alekseyevich Maklakov was a Russian trial lawyer and liberal parliamentary orator, one of the leaders of the Constitutional Democratic Party and Russian Freemasonry, notable for his advocacy of a constitutional Russian state...

, studied with Pavel Vinogradoff and played an active part in the organization of the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party. Elected to the Second State Duma in 1907. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Maklakov aspired to take the office of Minister of Justice in the Provisional Government. After the post went to another professional lawyer, Alexander Kerensky

Alexander Kerensky

Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky was a major political leader before and during the Russian Revolutions of 1917.Kerensky served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government until Vladimir Lenin was elected by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets following the October Revolution...

, Maklakov was put in charge of the government's "legal commission". He also wrote several books on the history of social thought and the Russian liberal movement.

Soviet jurists

Vladimir Lenin (1870 - 1924) (Владимир Ленин)

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (1888 - 1937), among other things, drafted the Constitution of the Soviet Union

Constitution of the Soviet Union

There were three versions of the constitution of the Soviet Union, modeled after the 1918 Constitution established by the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , the immediate predecessor of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics....

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Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin (1872 - 1936)

Georgy Chicherin

(Георгий Васильевич Чичерин)

Evgeny Pashukanis (1891 - 1937)

Non-Soviet scholars in Soviet law

Edward Hallett Carr (1892–1982). Carr's writings include biographies of Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky was a Russian writer of novels, short stories and essays. He is best known for his novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov....

(1931), Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...

(1934), and Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was a well-known Russian revolutionary and theorist of collectivist anarchism. He has also often been called the father of anarchist theory in general. Bakunin grew up near Moscow, where he moved to study philosophy and began to read the French Encyclopedists,...

(1937), as well as important studies on international relations

International relations

International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...

and his History of Soviet Russia (14 vol., 1950–78). During World War II, Carr was favourably impressed with what he regarded as the extraordinary heroic performance of the Soviet people, and towards the end of 1944 Carr decided to write a complete history of the Soviet Russia from 1917 comprising all aspects of social

Social history

Social history, often called the new social history, is a branch of History that includes history of ordinary people and their strategies of coping with life. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments...

, political

Political history

Political history is the narrative and analysis of political events, ideas, movements, and leaders. It is distinct from, but related to, other fields of history such as Diplomatic history, social history, economic history, and military history, as well as constitutional history and public...

and economic history

Economic history

Economic history is the study of economies or economic phenomena in the past. Analysis in economic history is undertaken using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and by applying economic theory to historical situations and institutions...

in order to explain how the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

withstood the challenge of the German invasion. The resulting work was his 14 volume History of Soviet Russia, which took the story to 1929, the last year for which abundant original sources were available. In Carr's view, Soviet history

History of the Soviet Union

The history of the Soviet Union has roots in the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, emerged as the main political force in the capital of the former Russian Empire, though they had to fight a long and brutal civil war against the Mensheviks, or Whites...

went through three periods in the inter-war era and was personified by the change of leadership from Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...

to Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...

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Harold J. Berman (1918 - 2007)

Harold J. Berman

Harold J. Berman was an American legal scholar who was an expert in comparative, international and Soviet/Russian law as well as legal history, philosophy of law and the intersection of law and religion...

Non-Russian scholars in Post-Soviet Russian law

William E. Butler

Richard Wortman, professor of history at the Harriman Institute, Columbia University. The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness (1976) explores the ideological and institutional dimensions of legal history prior to the Great Reforms and raises issues that remain relevant for Russia today. The book's translation into Russian in 2004 reignited interest in the Imperial era of Russian legal history.

Imperial Russian jurists

Soviet jurists

Non-Soviet scholars in Soviet law

Non-Russian scholars in Post-Soviet Russian law

See also