Santa Catarina (Lisbon)
Encyclopedia
Santa Catarina is a Portuguese
civil parish () in the municipality
of Lisbon
, within an area of 0.21 km², but whose population exceeds 4081 inhabitants (a density 19433.33hab/km²).
and Mártires
, and included a stretch of land descending from Principe Real to Boavista. Its territory was one of the more extensive urban areas and, until the end of the 20th Century, one of the most populous. Its history was linked to Portuguese discoveries in the 14th and 15th Century, and is characterized by a diverse historical, sociological and cultural influence that mingled the aristocratic and popular.
The administrative limits have suffered successive alterations, the last of which (1959) caused controversy by removing many of the emblematic infrastructures of the parish. This included, specifically, the de-annexation of the area around the Miradouro do Alto de Santa Catarina, an area considered a historical link to the areas past, and which provided in the 16th-17th Centuries assisted the patrol of the Tejo River
.
Many figures linked to the cultural or political life of the city (and the country) lived for a time in the parish, including Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
, Almeida Garrett
, Alexandre Herculano
and Camilo Castelo Branco
. Also, in 1847 (on Rua de São Boaventura) Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho was born (and also lived and died), a champion of women's rights, who affirmed,
, that descends south toward the Tejo
, and west to toward the parish of São Bento, cutting the Calçada do Combro, supposedly the principal roadway in the formation of Lisbon, and where today is concentrated the largest group of architecturally significant buildings in the region. In the northern part of the parish is a scattering of small shops, artesian businesses, typo-graphs with a long tradition of influence on political life, bistros and coffee shops, while closer to the river, there are fewer businesses.
s, are representative of the 18th Century-style construction, while many religious sanctuaries have longer histories.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
civil parish () in the municipality
Municipalities of Portugal
In Portugal, municipality or concelho is the most stable subdivision of Portugal since the foundation of the country.Portugal has an entirely separate system of cities and towns. Cities and towns are located in municipalities, but often do not have the same boundaries, even if built-up is continuous...
of Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, within an area of 0.21 km², but whose population exceeds 4081 inhabitants (a density 19433.33hab/km²).
History
The civil parish was instituted in on October 9, 1559, when it was de-annexed from the neighbouring parishes of Loreto (which later became EncarnaçãoEncarnação (Lisbon)
Encarnação is a Portuguese parish in the municipality of Lisbon.-Main sites:*Bairro Alto...
and Mártires
Mártires
Mártires is a Portuguese civil parish in the city and municipality of Lisbon. It's the smallest civil parish of Lisbon , and one one the oldest dated from 1147...
, and included a stretch of land descending from Principe Real to Boavista. Its territory was one of the more extensive urban areas and, until the end of the 20th Century, one of the most populous. Its history was linked to Portuguese discoveries in the 14th and 15th Century, and is characterized by a diverse historical, sociological and cultural influence that mingled the aristocratic and popular.
The administrative limits have suffered successive alterations, the last of which (1959) caused controversy by removing many of the emblematic infrastructures of the parish. This included, specifically, the de-annexation of the area around the Miradouro do Alto de Santa Catarina, an area considered a historical link to the areas past, and which provided in the 16th-17th Centuries assisted the patrol of the Tejo River
Tejo River
Tejo River is a river of Acre state in western Brazil.-References:*...
.
Many figures linked to the cultural or political life of the city (and the country) lived for a time in the parish, including Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage was a Portuguese Neoclassic poet, writing under the pen name Elmano Sadino.-Biography:...
, Almeida Garrett
Almeida Garrett
João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, Viscount of Almeida Garrett was a Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician. He is considered to be the introducer of the Romanticism in Portugal, with the epic poem Camões, based on the life of Luís de Camões...
, Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo , was a Portuguese novelist and historian.-Early life:...
and Camilo Castelo Branco
Camilo Castelo Branco
Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco,1st Viscount de Correia Botelho , was a prolific Portuguese writer of the 19th century, having authored over 260 books . His writing is, overall, considered original in that it combines the dramatic and sentimental spirit of Romanticism with a highly personal...
. Also, in 1847 (on Rua de São Boaventura) Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho was born (and also lived and died), a champion of women's rights, who affirmed,
- "The women have power. It is necessary to take advantage of them in the works of our common civilization. It is necessary, before everything transforms the education of the woman. The first thing that a woman did not learn is that she should learn and think. Dominate her destiny, modify it when it is convenient, because a faculty can just have those whom rationalize and those who know."
Geography
The parish is part of a mountainous area, part of the Bairro AltoBairro Alto
Bairro Alto is an area of central Lisbon, Portugal.The first terrain division occurred around 1500, when the court of D.Manuel I moved from the castle to the royal palace in Terreiro do Paço...
, that descends south toward the Tejo
Tejo River
Tejo River is a river of Acre state in western Brazil.-References:*...
, and west to toward the parish of São Bento, cutting the Calçada do Combro, supposedly the principal roadway in the formation of Lisbon, and where today is concentrated the largest group of architecturally significant buildings in the region. In the northern part of the parish is a scattering of small shops, artesian businesses, typo-graphs with a long tradition of influence on political life, bistros and coffee shops, while closer to the river, there are fewer businesses.
Architecture
Santa Catarina is a nucleus of a rich heritage of architecture, not just in quantity, but also in the importance historically. Most of the buildings, if not the facadeFacade
A facade or façade is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front. The word comes from the French language, literally meaning "frontage" or "face"....
s, are representative of the 18th Century-style construction, while many religious sanctuaries have longer histories.
Civic
- Palácio Pombal (Pombal Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280172)
- Palácio do Cunhal das Bolas (Cunhal das Bolas Palace)
- Palácio dos Condes de Mesquitela (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280171)
- Palácio Flor da Murta (Flor da Murta Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280226)
- Chafariz da Rua do Século (Século Road Fountain)
- Palácio Cabral (Cabral Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280068)
- Edifício Lançada - Edifício de "O Século" (O Século Building) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280255)
- Palácio Paiva de Andrade (Paiva de Andrade Palace)
- Palácio Braamcamp (Braacamp Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106281027)
- Palácio Perry Linde (Perry Linde Palace)
- Palácio dos Marqueses das Minas (Marquis of Minas Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280516)
- Palácio Marim Olhão (Marim Olhão Palace)
- Palácio dos Marqueses de Ficalho (Marquis de Ficalho's Palace) (IPA Mounument Class. PT031106280515)
Religious
- Igreja da Santa Catarina (Church of Saint Catherine) (IPA Monument Class. PT031106280036)
- Ermida dos Fiéis de Deus (Chapel of God's Faithful)
- Ermida da Ascensão de Cristo (Chapel of Christ Assumption)
- Convento dos Inglesinhos (Convent of the English) - (http://www.jf-santacatarina.pt/Convento_Ingles.pdfIPA Monument Class. PT031106280422) also known as the Colégio de São Pedro e São Paulo ()
- Convento dos Caetanos (Caetanos Road Convent) - (IPA Monument Class. PT031106280715) home to the Conservatório Nacional ()
Notable citizens
- Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (13 May 1699 – 8 May 1782) - 1st Count of Oeiras, 1st Marquis of Pombal, 18th Century Portuguese statesman, Minister of the Kingdom in the government of Joseph I of Portugal from 1750 to 1777; the most prominent government official, de facto head of government, notable for his leadership in the aftermath of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake1755 Lisbon earthquakeThe 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake, was a megathrust earthquake that took place on Saturday 1 November 1755, at around 9:40 in the morning. The earthquake was followed by fires and a tsunami, which almost totally destroyed Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal, and...
, who implemented sweeping economic policies to regulate commercial activity and standardize quality, and instrumental in the weakening of the InquisitionInquisitionThe Inquisition, Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis , was the "fight against heretics" by several institutions within the justice-system of the Roman Catholic Church. It started in the 12th century, with the introduction of torture in the persecution of heresy...
in Portugal; - Manuel Maria Barbosa du BocageManuel Maria Barbosa du BocageManuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage was a Portuguese Neoclassic poet, writing under the pen name Elmano Sadino.-Biography:...
(15 September 1765 — 21 December 1805) was a NeoclassicNeoclassicismNeoclassicism is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome...
poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, who wrote under the pen namePen nameA pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her...
Elmano Sadino and is generally known for his baudy, rude prose; - Almeida GarrettAlmeida GarrettJoão Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, Viscount of Almeida Garrett was a Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician. He is considered to be the introducer of the Romanticism in Portugal, with the epic poem Camões, based on the life of Luís de Camões...
(4 February 1799 — 9 December 1854) a poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, playwrightPlaywrightA playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...
, novelist and politicianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
; considered to have introduced the RomanticismRomanticismRomanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
to Portugal, with his epic poem Camões, based on the life of Luís de CamõesLuís de CamõesLuís Vaz de Camões is considered Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet. His mastery of verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare, Vondel, Homer, Virgil and Dante. He wrote a considerable amount of lyrical poetry and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lusíadas...
; - Alexandre HerculanoAlexandre HerculanoAlexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo , was a Portuguese novelist and historian.-Early life:...
(28 March 1810 – 13 September 1877), was a novelist, historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and a constitutional Liberal with convictions on political Catholicism and Christianity; - Camilo Castelo BrancoCamilo Castelo BrancoCamilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco,1st Viscount de Correia Botelho , was a prolific Portuguese writer of the 19th century, having authored over 260 books . His writing is, overall, considered original in that it combines the dramatic and sentimental spirit of Romanticism with a highly personal...
(16 March 1825 - 1 June 1890), was a prolific 19th Century writer, who authored over 260 books (mainly novels, plays and essays); - Ramalho OrtigãoRamalho OrtigãoJosé Duarte Ramalho Ortigão was a Portuguese writer of the late 19th century and early 20th century. He spent his early years with his maternal grandmother in Oporto....
(24 October 1836 - 27 September 1915), was a 19th Century writer, who at one time battled (physically and in prose) Antero de QuentalAntero de QuentalAntero Tarquínio de Quental , old spelling Anthero, , a Portuguese poet, philosopher and writer, whose works became a milestone in the Portuguese language, alongside those of Camões or Bocage....
and Questão Coimbrain modern literature, but later joined the Geração de 70 as it promoted Portuguese culture; - Gonçalves CrespoGonçalves CrespoAntónio Cândido Gonçalves Crespo was a Brazilian-born Portuguese poet. Born to a slave mother on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro on March 11, 1846, he came to Portugal at the age of ten. He was educated at the University of Coimbra, but "devoted himself almost exclusively to the Muses at Lisbon."...
(11 March 1846 – 11 June 1883), was a BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian-born poet, deeply informed by Parnassianism; - Maria Amália Vaz de CarvalhoMaria Amália Vaz de CarvalhoMaria Amália Vaz de Carvalho was a Portuguese writer. She was the first woman to join the Portuguese Academy of Sciences ....
(2 February 1847 - 24 March 1921) was a writer and feminist, who wrote short stories, essays, biographies, and literary criticism; - Abel MantaAbel MantaAbel Manta was an architect, painter, designer, and Portuguese cartoonist.Between 1904 and 1916 attended the school of Fine Arts, completed the course in painting, having won the third Prize of the National Society of Fine Arts.In 1919 he went to Paris participating in the "Salon de la Société...
(12 October 1888 - 9 August 1982), was an architectArchitectAn architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
, painterPaintingPainting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
, designerDesignerA designer is a person who designs. More formally, a designer is an agent that "specifies the structural properties of a design object". In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, such as consumer products, processes, laws, games and graphics, is referred to as a...
and cartoonistCartoonistA cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is usually humorous, mainly created for entertainment, political commentary or advertising...
; - António Quadros ( 14 July 1923 — 21 March 1993), was a philosopher, writer, translator and university professor.