RoadShow
Encyclopedia
RoadShow formerly known as "資訊娛樂共同睇" [paraphrased as Integrated View of Information and Entertainment]) is the first "Multi-Media On Board" (MMOB) service on transit vehicles in the world. It was launched by Kowloon Motor Bus
Company (KMB) on 26 November 2000. In addition to the MMOB business, the RoadShow is also involved in the outdoor advertising in Beijing
, Shanghai
, Guangzhou
, Shenzhen
and Hong Kong.
: Lùxùntōng Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī ) is currently a member of KMB Group and was first created by Tarren Patel. KMB has 74% of the franchised bus market share and 27% of the public transport market share in Hong Kong. At the same time, Citybus
, another Hong Kong bus company which involved in RoadShow's MMOB business, owns 14% of the bus market share.
RoadShow Holdings Limited is owned 73% by the KMB Holdings and the remaining 27% goes to public investors. There are four wholly owned subsidiaries under RoadShow Holdings Limited. They are RoadVision Holdings (China) Limited, RoadShow Media Holdings Limited, RoadShow Creations Limited and RoadShow Media Limited. At the same time, the group holds 60% of share of its subsidiary the Bus Focus Limited.
Reorganization arrangements were made in response to the listing of RoadShow Holdings Ltd in 2001. Subsidiaries in RoadShow were assigned to different business aspects.
Roadshow provides entertainment and advertisements to the passengers of public transit vehicles in Hong Kong. The programmes are broadcast daily, to an audience of around 3 million, by a series of strategically mounted, vibration-resistant LCD monitors, each offering a 160° viewing angle, installed in over 4000 transit vehicles from KMB, Long Win Bus
(a subsidiary of KMB), Citybus (Hong Kong) and AMS (maxicab).
Each bus has 4 high-resolution LCD screens, which included two 15" screens on the lower deck and two 17" screens on the upper deck. Audio bus TV broadcasts one-hour pre-recorded VCD programmes 16-18 times a day. The audio of the television broadcasts is delivered via 15 public speakers that line both sides of the passageways on the two decks with four-channel stereo systems.
Transit vehicle shelter panels mostly have two sides, both of which can display advertisements. The back of the panels is illuminated to highlight the advertisements and to reach both the vehicular and the pedestrian audiences. Advertisements for display in transit vehicle shelters consist of posters supplied by the advertiser.
(天津), Chengdu
(成都) and Xi'an
(西安).
. There are 3 different versions of VCD available in the 4,000 buses. There is a certain pattern in distributing different versions of disc, which version A and B will be available in 1,200 buses respectively and version C for 1,600 buses. All discs are distributed on a daily, random and rotational basis over the fleet.
Apart from TV advertisements, a number of programme segments have been introduced to RoadShow's programme development. These segments are not only produced by the production team of RoadShow, but also from independent production bodies and other local (e.g. ATV
and RTHK
) and non-local media agencies (e.g. Phoenix TV and BBC
and also Taiwan TV programmes).
In September 2001, RoadShow and ATV have agreed to become strategic partners and struck a 3-year deal that entitles RoadShow the exclusive right to show ATV programme highlights. TV drama highlights, weekly news summary, game show as well as infotainment programmes have been aired on RoadShow. In addition, RTHK is now providing programme content freely to RoadShow as well.
RoadShow also co-operates with other organizations and companies to produce programmes. For example, the programme Weekends Game Review, which introduces new PC games, is a co-product by RoadShow and Cross Media, a Hong Kong publication company. Besides, RoadShow also sponsors some outdoor activities, like concerts, and broadcasts the behind-the-scenes footage.
The content of segments can be categorized in the following classification.
Type [Example(s)]
Most of the RoadShow's programmes are in Cantonese with Chinese language
subtitles. But increasingly there are more English
and Putonghua programmes available for passengers.
(GPS) on bus tracking and bus fleet management. Apart from the traffic management purpose, the usage of GPS on the fleet can also provide real time information to RoadShow, which means that real time news, weather and traffic information will be available in RoadShow in the future.
However, in dense urban areas with congested high-rise buildings, the satellite signals to the GPS receiver are often blocked and the accuracy of the results adversely affected. KMB claims that GPS would only be installed to the whole fleet until the problem is solved.
In addition to MMOB services, RoadShow also served as the agency in managing a number of outdoor advertisements on exterior of buses and in bus shelter panels in Greater China Region.
Advertising on RoadShow MMOB
Claimed as a mobile advertising media with large audience base, RoadShow provides different plans for their clients to place commercials. Price varies from the length of the commercial as well as the number of buses involved.
On the other side, there are passengers who welcome MMOB. Especially short-distance travellers, welcome the free infotainment. By short-distance travellers, it means travellers who travel for less than 10 minutes. Others supporting bus television believe that the income from commercials will ultimately help to reduce pressure on fare increase and ensure more efficient public bus services.
Members of the public and newspaper columnists have complained in the media about the problems of noise pollution, ubiquitous commercialism, exploitation of passengers' captive situation, abuse of public transport franchises, and the lack of options for passengers who prefer not to watch or listen to television broadcasts.
The installation of commercial TV services in buses was met with opposition from its beginning. The opposition came from passengers who found the noise from commercial broadcasting on buses disturbing. A concern group called Hush the Bus (HTB, 靜巴運動) was formed on 4 May 2002. It aims to reduce passenger annoyance from bus TV. Prior to the establishment of HTB, what later became members of it lobbied against multi-media advertising on public transport under the ban of the Citizens Party. Members have met with government officials, legislators and executives of the bus companies. HTB has managed to continue to interact with its supporters and is persistent in its lobbying work. But in the main it has remained a minority. It has been argued that its activities highlight the weak power of environmental or civic groups contra profit-making corporations.
Also there is NO Bus on TV Project, which is supported by Hong Kong Consumer Advocates, established to protect kids from being captured by the broadcast of TV on public bus. They conduct surveys on buses and report the data on websites and they expose the flaw of why the bus companies so eager to run bus TV. They advocate safe and fair public transportation facilities in Hong Kong.
They claim that Bus TV violate riders' rights to freedom of choice. And while some advertisements, content of the programmes might have:
They claim that Roadshow has interrupted their freedom as there are:
RoadShow received the Caring Company Award of the Hong Kong Council of Social Service for four consecutive years from 2002 to 2005.
RoadShow was recognised for its efforts in caring for the community and commitment to good corporate citizenship through disseminating community
service messages and broadcasting public educational programmes via MMOB.
RoadShow received the Gold Award for Overall Annual Reports in the media company category from the International Academy Awards of Annual Reports Competition 2004. The competition is hosted annually by the New York-based MerComm Inc
RoadShow received the Gold Award for Cover Photo/Design and Silver Award for Non-traditional Annual Reports from the International Academy Awards of Annual Reports Competition in 2003.
RoadShow also received several awards between 2001 and 2002.
In March 2005, the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCR) and i-CABLE Communications Limited (i-Cable) announced the launching of "Newsline Express" on board the KCR trains. News information and advertisement will be delivered to passengers through the existing Passenger Information Display System (PIDS) on trains.
In MTR, there are LCD giving advertisements to customers.
It is looking forwards that MMOBs will become widespread in HK and it will be a great business.
Kowloon Motor Bus
The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world...
Company (KMB) on 26 November 2000. In addition to the MMOB business, the RoadShow is also involved in the outdoor advertising in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
, Shenzhen
Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...
and Hong Kong.
The Corporation
RoadShow Holdings Ltd (路訊通控股有限公司 PinyinPinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
: Lùxùntōng Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī ) is currently a member of KMB Group and was first created by Tarren Patel. KMB has 74% of the franchised bus market share and 27% of the public transport market share in Hong Kong. At the same time, Citybus
Citybus (Hong Kong)
Citybus Limited is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. It provides both franchised and non-franchised bus service. The franchised route network serves mainly Hong Kong Island, cross-harbour routes , Ocean Park, North Lantau and Hong Kong International Airport...
, another Hong Kong bus company which involved in RoadShow's MMOB business, owns 14% of the bus market share.
RoadShow Holdings Limited is owned 73% by the KMB Holdings and the remaining 27% goes to public investors. There are four wholly owned subsidiaries under RoadShow Holdings Limited. They are RoadVision Holdings (China) Limited, RoadShow Media Holdings Limited, RoadShow Creations Limited and RoadShow Media Limited. At the same time, the group holds 60% of share of its subsidiary the Bus Focus Limited.
Reorganization arrangements were made in response to the listing of RoadShow Holdings Ltd in 2001. Subsidiaries in RoadShow were assigned to different business aspects.
RoadShow Media Ltd
RoadShow Media Ltd is responsible for providing management and administrative services in relation to bus body advertising of the KMB fleet. Service charge will be paid to RoadShow Media Ltd by KMB Public Bus Services Holdings Ltd.Bus Focus Ltd
Bus Focus Ltd has come into an agreement with KMB Group on the advertising on a number of bus shelters. Bus Focus Ltd enjoys the right to operate the advertising business on bus shelters while KMB Group receives a royalty on a revenue sharing basis, subject to a minimum payment.RoadVision Holdings (China) Ltd
RoadVision Holdings (China) Ltd responsible for the development of the corporation in China. It holds interests in certain subsidiaries ,and also an associate company which engaged in outdoor advertising in Mainland China. It, on the other hand, manages a worldwide multi-dimensional advertising network which covers more than 200 cities in the Mainland China.RoadShow Creations Ltd
RoadShow Creations Ltd manages the merchandising business of the corporation. The business includes selling of a variety of commemorative items, bus models and souvenirs.Business
RoadShow business includes of three main areas: MMOB, Transit Network and Merchandising business. The company aims at providing their clients with an effective advertising medium, which it argues to provide repetitive high impact, low cost advertising and a large audience, the potential for consumer impulse buying and mass reach of a diversified audience.MMOB
The Group's MMOB business includes installing, operating and maintaining equipment and LCD units in transit vehicles for the transmission of tailor-made programmes and advertisements, source programme content and marketing and selling advertising on the MMOB system.Long Win Bus
Long Win Bus Company Limited provides bus service to northern Lantau Island and the Hong Kong International Airport...
(a subsidiary of KMB), Citybus (Hong Kong) and AMS (maxicab).
Transit network
Another business of RoadShow is advertising on the transit vehicle exterior or transit vehicle shelters. The advertisements make use of the visibility of transit vehicles or vehicle shelters in the street. This outdoor media platform provides over 4,200 buses with exterior panels on double deck buses together with 2,500 bus shelters panels for display of advertising space.Transit Vehicle Exteriors
The advertising on the transit vehicle exterior is produced from a high resolution vinyl which can be visible from distance by pedestrians. Transit vehicle exterior advertising includes advertisements on the entire transit vehicle body as well as on panels on the sides and back of the transit vehicle. The vinyl displays are able to withstand the rigors of cleaning and all types of weather, and they can also be removed without harming the paint on the transit vehicle through the use of a special adhesive.Transit Vehicle Shelters
While major transit vehicle shelters are traditional shelters, there are increasingly modern transit vehicle shelters constructed of lightweight stainless steel providing comfort to waiting passengers and also an advertising medium to advertisers.Transit vehicle shelter panels mostly have two sides, both of which can display advertisements. The back of the panels is illuminated to highlight the advertisements and to reach both the vehicular and the pedestrian audiences. Advertisements for display in transit vehicle shelters consist of posters supplied by the advertiser.
Future Product Developments
Bus stop stations called Cyber bus stops are interactive computer terminals locating at certain transit vehicle shelters along major routes as well as inside major transit vehicle terminals. Passengers and pedestrians can access to route information and website via touch-screen display panels.Merchandising
RoadShow merchandising business sells a variety of commemorative items, bus models and souvenirs with the KMB logo. The bus models sold are with special livery and replicate buses operated by Kowloon Motor Bus. These souvenirs are popular among both the public and collectors. Public can purchase the items by using the e-purchase system for instant shopping, or visiting the Kowloon Motor Bus Customer Service Centres in person and choose. All of the bus models are limited editions and attract collectors.Business in Mainland China
RoadShow began operating on the Mainland in 2002 when it gained the rights to display advertising at the "Lamplight Rainbow" Tunnel on Huahai Road (淮海路) in Shanghai (上海). Subsequently, its assets grew to include bus bodies, bus shelters and telephone booths in Beijing (北京), Guangzhou (廣州) and Shenzhen (深圳). It also began offering advertising agency services for the Guangzhou Metro mass transit system and outdoor media assets in other regions such as TianjinTianjin
' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
(天津), Chengdu
Chengdu
Chengdu , formerly transliterated Chengtu, is the capital of Sichuan province in Southwest China. It holds sub-provincial administrative status...
(成都) and Xi'an
Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
(西安).
Programming
Recently all of the RoadShow's programmes are prepared in a video compact disc (VCD)Video CD
Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, the Video CD became the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs. The format is a standard digital format for storing video on a Compact Disc...
. There are 3 different versions of VCD available in the 4,000 buses. There is a certain pattern in distributing different versions of disc, which version A and B will be available in 1,200 buses respectively and version C for 1,600 buses. All discs are distributed on a daily, random and rotational basis over the fleet.
Apart from TV advertisements, a number of programme segments have been introduced to RoadShow's programme development. These segments are not only produced by the production team of RoadShow, but also from independent production bodies and other local (e.g. ATV
Asia Television Limited
Asia Television Limited is one of the two free-to-air television broadcasters in Hong Kong, the other being rival Television Broadcasts Limited . It launched in 1957 under the name Rediffusion Television as the first television station in Hong Kong...
and RTHK
Radio Television Hong Kong
Radio Television Hong Kong is a public broadcasting organisation in Hong Kong that is operated as an independent department in the government under the Broadcasting Authority. RTHK operates seven radio channels, and produces television programmes that are then broadcast through local television...
) and non-local media agencies (e.g. Phoenix TV and BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
and also Taiwan TV programmes).
In September 2001, RoadShow and ATV have agreed to become strategic partners and struck a 3-year deal that entitles RoadShow the exclusive right to show ATV programme highlights. TV drama highlights, weekly news summary, game show as well as infotainment programmes have been aired on RoadShow. In addition, RTHK is now providing programme content freely to RoadShow as well.
RoadShow also co-operates with other organizations and companies to produce programmes. For example, the programme Weekends Game Review, which introduces new PC games, is a co-product by RoadShow and Cross Media, a Hong Kong publication company. Besides, RoadShow also sponsors some outdoor activities, like concerts, and broadcasts the behind-the-scenes footage.
The content of segments can be categorized in the following classification.
Type [Example(s)]
- Cartoon [Charming Pink Panther]
- Celebrity Chat [RoadShow House of Stars]
- Family and Health [Strategy to Health]
- iClub Interactive Game [iClub Mobile Phone Ringtone Downloading, iClub Jetso Delivery]
- Infotainment [Youth Voice by Breakthrough, Trend Fascination, Police Information Station]
- Lifestyle [Delicacies in Hong Kong]
- Music and Movie [Music on Road and Power Pick]
- News and Current Affairs [Weekly News Summary]
- Science [Mobile Digital Station]
- Society, Education and Community [When We Were Young by RTHK, The Disney Oral Classroom, Oxfam: the Road to Poverty Alleviation in China, Haven of Hope Christian Service]
- Special [Your LegCo, Meeting Room of Scarlett Pong, Halloween Party for Singles]
- Sports and Recreation [J.League Soccer News]
- Travelogue [3 Minutes to the World]
Most of the RoadShow's programmes are in Cantonese with Chinese language
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
subtitles. But increasingly there are more English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
and Putonghua programmes available for passengers.
Future development on programming
KMB is now undertaking an experimental project to introduce the Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System
The Global Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites...
(GPS) on bus tracking and bus fleet management. Apart from the traffic management purpose, the usage of GPS on the fleet can also provide real time information to RoadShow, which means that real time news, weather and traffic information will be available in RoadShow in the future.
However, in dense urban areas with congested high-rise buildings, the satellite signals to the GPS receiver are often blocked and the accuracy of the results adversely affected. KMB claims that GPS would only be installed to the whole fleet until the problem is solved.
Advertisement
MMOB serves as a mobile podium for advertising in Hong Kong. Its special feature is to provide a large number of passengers with frequent broadcasting on advertisements, those mobile advertisements can arouse consumers' impromptu intention on shopping. It is a popular channel for companies to promote their products for different reasons:- When people watch television at home they are often engaged in other activities. They are sometimes eating, looking after their children, knitting, cooking etc. In this way watching television becomes a secondary activity. But at the bus the consumers don't have a lot of other activities to engage in. Here, watching television becomes a primary activity.
- By choosing bus-routes for their commercials, advertisers can easily identify consumers traveling to shopping centers and entertainment venues on transit vehicles. They are on their way to spend money and will easily recall the information given by the advertisers while they are shopping.
In addition to MMOB services, RoadShow also served as the agency in managing a number of outdoor advertisements on exterior of buses and in bus shelter panels in Greater China Region.
Advertising on RoadShow MMOB
A Captive Audience
The main argument against MMOB argues the fact that the travellers cannot turn off the programs, turn down the volume or change channel. This implies that they cannot skip the commercials. Public transport franchises enjoy "monopoly" over many routes. Many passengers have no real alternative means of transport. The term "captive audience" is repeated. Human brain cannot ignore sound or vision. RoadShow's website describes bus television as "a highly effective multi-media advertising platform that pushes your products and services to reach a mass audience in a captive environment".On the other side, there are passengers who welcome MMOB. Especially short-distance travellers, welcome the free infotainment. By short-distance travellers, it means travellers who travel for less than 10 minutes. Others supporting bus television believe that the income from commercials will ultimately help to reduce pressure on fare increase and ensure more efficient public bus services.
Anti-bus TV Noise Groups
The introduction of this "Multi-media On Board" on franchised public transport is controversial.Members of the public and newspaper columnists have complained in the media about the problems of noise pollution, ubiquitous commercialism, exploitation of passengers' captive situation, abuse of public transport franchises, and the lack of options for passengers who prefer not to watch or listen to television broadcasts.
The installation of commercial TV services in buses was met with opposition from its beginning. The opposition came from passengers who found the noise from commercial broadcasting on buses disturbing. A concern group called Hush the Bus (HTB, 靜巴運動) was formed on 4 May 2002. It aims to reduce passenger annoyance from bus TV. Prior to the establishment of HTB, what later became members of it lobbied against multi-media advertising on public transport under the ban of the Citizens Party. Members have met with government officials, legislators and executives of the bus companies. HTB has managed to continue to interact with its supporters and is persistent in its lobbying work. But in the main it has remained a minority. It has been argued that its activities highlight the weak power of environmental or civic groups contra profit-making corporations.
Also there is NO Bus on TV Project, which is supported by Hong Kong Consumer Advocates, established to protect kids from being captured by the broadcast of TV on public bus. They conduct surveys on buses and report the data on websites and they expose the flaw of why the bus companies so eager to run bus TV. They advocate safe and fair public transportation facilities in Hong Kong.
They claim that Bus TV violate riders' rights to freedom of choice. And while some advertisements, content of the programmes might have:
- violence
- debasing music
- movies not suitable for children
- adult movies
- boring talk show
- superstitious talk show
- aggressively pushing products and services
- manipulative ads which can bring great harms to people especially children.
They claim that Roadshow has interrupted their freedom as there are:
- no on-off switch
- no remote control
- no option not to be bothered
Awards
- 2005
- Caring Company Award 2004/05
- Gold Award for Cover Photo/ Design
- Honors Award for Non-Traditional Annual Report
RoadShow received the Caring Company Award of the Hong Kong Council of Social Service for four consecutive years from 2002 to 2005.
RoadShow was recognised for its efforts in caring for the community and commitment to good corporate citizenship through disseminating community
service messages and broadcasting public educational programmes via MMOB.
- 2004
- Gold Award for Overall Annual Report
- Caring Company Award 2003/04
- Champion Award in the 15th Hong Kong Print Awards in the Annual Report category
- Awards of Annual Reports Competition 2004
RoadShow received the Gold Award for Overall Annual Reports in the media company category from the International Academy Awards of Annual Reports Competition 2004. The competition is hosted annually by the New York-based MerComm Inc
- 2003
- Gold Award for Cover Design
- Silver Award for Non-Traditional Annual Report
RoadShow received the Gold Award for Cover Photo/Design and Silver Award for Non-traditional Annual Reports from the International Academy Awards of Annual Reports Competition in 2003.
RoadShow also received several awards between 2001 and 2002.
Directors and Executive Members
- Chairman and Non-Executive Director: Mr John Chan Cho Chak (陳祖澤)
- Managing Director: Mr Alex Mo Tik Sang (毛迪生)
- Chief Programme Officer: Mr Thomas Lo Sui Sing (盧瑞盛)
Other MMOBs in Hong Kong
- FirsTVision(新資訊) Now is under controlled by RoadShow.
- Newsline ExpressNewsline ExpressNewsline Express is a service on MTR trains which provides Cable TV news and infotainment programmes through LCD displays installed on board. It was started in 2005 by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation and is now equipped on every train compartment running on East Rail Line, West...
(新聞直線)
In March 2005, the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCR) and i-CABLE Communications Limited (i-Cable) announced the launching of "Newsline Express" on board the KCR trains. News information and advertisement will be delivered to passengers through the existing Passenger Information Display System (PIDS) on trains.
In MTR, there are LCD giving advertisements to customers.
It is looking forwards that MMOBs will become widespread in HK and it will be a great business.
See also
- Media in Hong Kong
- Transportation in Hong Kong
- MediaCorp TV TVMobileMediaCorp TV TVMobileMediaCorp TV TVMobile was a subsidiary of MediaCorp Singapore and was the first channel in the world to pioneer the use of Digital Video Broadcast technology to deliver television programmes to commuters...
was a "similar" system in use mainly on buses in SingaporeSingaporeSingapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
but has since ceased operation from January 1 2010. - Road Show Events is a "similar" system use mainly on buses and trailers in SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...